Changes in the activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen and sulphur assimilation during leaf and berry development of Vitis vinifera

The changes in the activities of 0-acetylserine sulphydrylase, ATP sulphurylase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase in extracts from leaves and berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot were studied at weekly intervals prior to anthesis up to grape harvest. Total nitrogen, amino nitrogen and protein contents were also determined.The total nitrogen content decreased from the beginning of the determinations either in leaves or in berries. Protein and amino nitrogen increments in berries matched their decreases in leaves.Nitrate reductase activity was not detectable either in leaves or berries. On the contrary, all the other examined enzymes showed at least three maxima of activity: one at anthesis and the others between the beginning of berry development and grape harvest.The ATP sulphurylase, 0-acetylserine sulphydrylase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities of berries were always higher than those observed in leaves, whereas glutamine synthetase activitywas similar in the two organs.Our results indicate that sulphur and nitrogen assimilation occur either in leavesor berries of grapevine.Changements des activités enzymatiques de l'assimilation de l'azote et du soufre pendant le développement de la feuille et du grain de Vitis viniferaSur des extraits de feuilles et de grains de raisins de Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot, prélevés chaque semaine dans la période entre la floraison et la vendange, les changements des activités enzymatiques de 1'0-acétylsérine sulfhydrilase, ATP sulfurylase, glutamate déshydrogénase, glutamine synthétase et de la nitrate réductase ont été étudiés.La teneur en azote total diminuait dans les feuilles aussi bien que dans les grains. L'accroissement des protéines et de l'amino-azote dans les grains était lié à leur décroissement dans les feuilles. L'activité enzymatique de la nitrate réductase n'a été retrouvée ni dans les grains ni dans les feuilles; toutes les autres activités enzymatiques analysées présentaient au moins trois pointes d'activités: la première à la floraison, les autres dans la période comprise entre le début du développement du grain et la vendange.Les activités de l'ATP sulfurylase, 0-acétylsérine sulfhydrilase et de la glutamate déshydrogénase étaient plus élevées dans les grains que dans les feuilles, tandis que l'activité de la glutamine synthétase était pareille dans les deux organes.Ces résultas indiquent que l'assimilation du soufre et de l'azote se fait dans les feuilles aussi bien que dans les grains de la vigne

De uma subjetivação forçada:

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir em que medida a releitura lacaniana do conceito psicanalítico da sublimação é realizada tendo-se os fundamentos da estética de Kant como pano de fundo. No curso de nossa exposição, pretendemos descrever como a sublimação se caracteriza eminentemente como procedimento crítico frente a uma determinada realidade social. Diferentemente de Freud, que pensava a sublimação nos quadros do desvio da meta sexual em direção a objetos reconhecidos e valorizados pela cultura, Lacan propõe um deslocamento da problemática da sublimação para fora do horizonte normativo da história e da cultura, mobilizando categorias como transgressão e disrupção. Tomaremos a tragédia de Antígona como exemplo, buscando enfatizar como essa função encontra nos recursos estéticos um meio de formalização privilegiado para ser desempenhada. As noções kantianas do belo e do sublime, tal como relidas por Lacan, subsidiarão o exame dessa formalização a que tende a sublimação. A hipótese central é que a sublimação lacaniana pressupõe - e aprofunda - uma espécie de fusão do belo com o sublime, e não sua separação.

The variability of refractivity in the atmospheric boundary layer of a tropical island volcano measured by ground-based interferometric radar

For 24 h we measured continuously the variability of atmospheric refractivity over a volcano on the tropical island of Montserrat using a ground-based radar interferometer. We observed variations in phase that we interpret as due to changing water vapour on the propagation path between the radar and the volcano and we present them here in the context of the behaviour of the atmospheric boundary layer over the island. The water vapour behaviour was forced by diurnal processes, the passage of a synoptic-scale system and the presence of a plume of volcanic gas. The interferometer collected images of amplitude and phase every minute. From pairs of phase images, interferograms were calculated and analyzed every minute and averaged hourly, together with contemporaneous measurements of zenith delays estimated from a network of 14 GPS receivers. The standard deviation of phase at two sites on the volcano surface spanned a range of about 1–5 radians, the lowest values occurring at night on the lower slopes and the highest values during the day on the upper slopes. This was also reflected in spatial patterns of variability. Two-dimensional profiles of radar-measured delays were modelled using an atmosphere with water vapour content decreasing upwards and water vapour variability increasing upwards. Estimates of the effect of changing water vapour flux from the volcanic plume indicate that it should contribute only a few percent to this atmospheric variability. A diurnal cycle within the lower boundary layer producing a turbulence-dominated mixed layer during the day and stable layers at night is consistent with the observed refractivity

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric otolaryngology: a nationwide study

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly modified the work routine in healthcare; however, its impact on the field of paediatric otorhinolaryngology (ORL) has been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric ORL. Methods: A questionnaire was developed by the Young Otolaryngologists of the Italian Society of ORL-Head and Neck Surgery (GOS). The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions related to workplace and personal paediatric ORL activities. The link was advertised on the official social media platforms and sent by e-mail to 469 Italian otolaryngologists. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 118 responders. During the pandemic, the main reduction was observed for surgical activity (78.8%), followed by outpatient service (16.9%). The conditions that were mostly impacted by a delayed diagnosis were respiratory infections in 45.8% of cases and sensorineural hearing loss in 37.3% of cases. Conclusions: Paediatric ORL was highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant reduction of surgical and outpatient activities and a delay in time-sensitive diagnosis. Therefore, the implementation of new strategies, such as telemedicine, is recommended

Intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon.

A pesquisa foi realizada durante quatro anos, num vinhedo de Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.), em Bento Gonçalves-RS. O objetivo foi determinar o efeito das intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho em variáveis relacionadas aos componentes de produção da videira e à composição do mosto de uva. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois níveis de poda seca - curta e longa - e quatro de desbaste de cacho (%) - 0; 25; 50 e 75 -; com cinco repetições. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos em parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostram que a poda seca e o desbaste de cacho tiveram efeito altamente significativo na produtividade do vinhedo que, na média dos quatro anos, variou de 10.971 kg/ha ? poda curta, 75% de desbaste ? a 32.819 kg/ha ? poda longa, 0% de desbaste. Houve, também, efeito significativo na produtividade por gema, peso de ramos podados por gema e por hectare, área foliar/peso fresco do fruto e produtividade/peso de ramos podados. Entretanto, o efeito nas variáveis relacionadas a açúcar e acidez do mosto da uva foi pouco expressivo. O componente 1 da análise de componentes principais discriminou o tratamento poda curta a 75% de desbaste de cacho dos tratamentos poda longa-0% de desbaste e poda longa-25% de desbaste

Countries Response for People With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and ObjectivesDuring the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, isolation and prevention measures to reduce COVID-19 contagions are essential for the care of all people; these measures should comply with the principles of inclusion and accessibility for people with disabilities (PWD), with all kinds of deficiencies and levels of dependency. Thereby, the aim of this article is to present the measures adopted for PWD or people with rehabilitation needs, for containment, mitigation, or suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different countries of all continents and of all income levels.MethodsA narrative approach was used in this article. First, a broad search was carried out in the 193 member states of the UN, and then 98 countries that issued any document, report, or information related to disability and COVID-19 were selected. Finally, 32 countries were included in this article because they presented official information. We considered official sources, the information available in the government, or on the health ministry page of the country. In this way, the countries that presented information which did not correspond to an official source were excluded. The search was conducted in August 2020 and updated in March 2021.ResultsFirst, the non-pharmacological general interventions for PWD included informative measures and general recommendations during the stay at home, isolation, and biosecurity measures, contagion prevention, detection of positive cases, mobilization measures, and measures implemented in institutions or residences of PWD. Second, we identified the economic and social benefits provided to PWD during the pandemic. Finally, we identified the measures taken by countries according to the type of impairment (visual, hearing, physical, mental, and cardiopulmonary impairment) during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, only 50% of countries from the five world regions created and implemented specific measures for PWD to containment, mitigation, or suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is very little specific information available about the measures to continue with the care of people with rehabilitation needs and the long-term follow-up of PWD, and for the prevention and response to violence, especially for women with disabilities