Volatile constituents from Samanae saman (Jacq.) Merr. Fabaceae

In this work, we report on the constituents identified from the fruits volatile oil of Samanae saman (Jacq.) Merr., Fabaceae. The volatile oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus. The oil content was 0.23% (w/w), on a dry weight basis. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Altogether, 32 compounds were identified accounting for 99.7% of the total oil content. Fatty acids comprised 69.1% of the oil content; with palmitic acid (55.6%) being the most singly abundant constituent. 1,8-Cineole (15.9%) was the quantitatively significant constituent of the terpenoids

A new chemical form of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Nigeria

Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the air-dried leaves of Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) collected in Ajangbadi area, West of Lagos, Nigeria, was analyzed comprehensively for its constituents by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The monoterpene hydrocarbons, á-pinene (70.9%) and â-pinene (10.9%) are the dominant constituents of the oil of H. officinalis. A cluster analysis was performed for comparison and characterization of H. officinalis essential oil from Nigeria with other oils reported in the literature from different locations across the world, and reveals chemical variation in this species with at least 8 different chemotypes. The compositional pattern of Nigerian oil sample was being reported for the first time and represents another chemotype of the oil of H. officinalis

Essential oils from the leaves of six medicinal palnts of Nigeria

The chemistry of Cassia siamea L., C. occidentalis L. (Fabaceae), Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev (Loganiaceae), Solanum torvum Swartz and S. erianthum G. Don (Solanaceae) volatiles grown in Nigeria have been studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main compounds of C. siamea were (E)-geranyl acetone (5.8%), 1-octen-3-ol (5.8%), linalool (7.8%), iso-italicene (15.4%) and (E)-β-damascenone (11.0%). On the other hand, C. occidentalis consisted mainly of (E)-geranyl acetone (8.0%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (24.0%) and (E)-phytol acetate (40.7%). The oil of C. ferruginea was comprised mainly of (E)-geranyl acetone (13.7%), (E)-α-ionone (9.5%), phytol (5.8%), pentadecanal (6.1%) and 1-octen-3-ol (5.5%). The main compounds of A. djalonensis were α-humulene (31.9%), β-caryophyllene (17.8%), humulene epoxide II (12.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.9%). The main volatiles of S. torvum were (E)-phytol acetate (38.7%), pentadecanal (25.3%) and (E)-geranyl acetone (5.0%). Apart from methyl salicylate (4.5%), tetradecanal (2.2%), 2-pentyl furan (1.8%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (1.6%) and hexadecanal (1.1%), all other compounds were either present in trace quantity or in amounts less than 1%. On the other hand, α-humulene (46.6%) and β-caryophyllene (20.6%) were the compounds occurring in higher quantities in S. erianthum. The volatile oil contents of Cassia siamea, Cnestis ferruginea, Anthocleista djalonensis and Solanum torvum are being reported for the first tim

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii against dermatophytes

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated the chemical composition of a commercial sample of essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker and its antifungal activity against Microsporum canis ATCC 32903, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 14683, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11480, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507. METHODS: Morphological changes in these fungi after treatment with the oil were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity of the oil was determined on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. RESULTS: The compound 1,8-cineole was found to be the predominant component (72.2%) of the essential oil. The MIC values of the oil ranged from 62.5μg·mL−1 to >1,000μg·mL−1, and the MFC values of the oil ranged from 125μg·mL−1 to >1,000μg·mL−1. SEM analysis showed physical damage and morphological alterations in the fungi exposed to this oil. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the potential of Eucalyptus smithii essential oil as a natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis

Study on volatile constituents of Solanum nigrum var. viriginicum from Nigeria

Essential oil obtained from the hydrodistilled leaves of Solanum nigrum var. virginicum L. from Nigeria was characterised by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-seven volatile constituents accounting for 97.6% of the total oil contents were identified from the oil sample. The oil was highly composed of sesquiterpene compounds (70.8% hydrocarbon content and 10.2% oxygenated counterpart), but low in monoterpene (0.7% hydrocarbon and 1.2% oxygenated). Fatty acids were also present in appreciable quantity (14.1%). Germacrene D (14.8%), pentadecanal (11.4%), β-elemene (10.1%), α-bulnesene (7.9%), δ-cadinene (6.0%), β-caryophyllene (6.5%) and α-copaene (5.5%) were the major components of the oil. Comparative compositional analysis of the constituents of known studied Solanum species was also evaluate

Essential oil composition of Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) and Irvinia barteri (Irvingiaceae)

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of two Nigerian species were analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf oil of Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae), collected during the day, contained high contents of a-pinene (13.9%), abietadiene (9.7%), cis-a-bisabolene (8.2%) and germacrene-D-4-ol (8.4%), while the night sample was dominated by germacrene D-4-ol (31.5%), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (8.8%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.3%). This could be a possible indication of differences in emissions of volatiles by F. benjamina during the day and night. The main compounds of Irvingia barteri Hook. f. (Irvingiaceae) were b-caryophyllene (17.0%), (E)-a-ionone (10.0%), geranial (7.6%), (E)-b-ionone (6.6%) and b-gurjunene (5.1%)

Chemical composition of essential oils from Nigerian plants

Essential oils obtained by separate hydrodistillation of leaves of three plants collected in Nigeria were analysed comprehensively for their constituents by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Germacrene D (28.4%), α-pinene (17.1%), β-caryophyllene (7.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.0%) were the major compounds of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams (Asteraceae). The oil of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbenaceae) comprised mainly of sabinene (13.0%), β-caryophyllene (21.8%) and rimuene (14.6%) as dominant compounds, with significant quantity of abietatriene (7.1%), β-pinene (4.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.3%). The species is a source of new chemotype. β-Caryophyllene (19.0%) and geranial (10.6%) were identified in higher proportions from Spondias lutea L. (Anacardiaceae), with significant amounts of neral (5.1%), caryophyllene oxide (5.6%) and d-cadinene (4.6%). The paper will discuss further the chemotaxonomic importance of the result