Colombian Art 'under' Covid-19

Pandemics are common themes in the history of art and literature. The current situation differs, because we can communicate more easily than in the past with the outside world. Due to the unexpectedness of the situation, artists are working on the go, imagining strategies to develop their creative processes. Some have adjusted their habitual methods to the new realities. Others are traversing unknown terrain. Our goal here is to showcase and learn from responses by Colombian artists to the prevailing biopolitical conjuncture. They range across phenomenological uses of the body, audio and visual collages, diary entries, drawings, and invitations to collaborate

An evaluation of eight soil phosphate extractants on acidic wheat-growing soils

In a study using earlier data from 44 wheat field experiments on acidic (pH \u3c 5.6) soils in southern New South Wales, eight soil phosphate extractants (Bray,, Bray,, neutral fluoride, Mehlich, Truog, lactate, Olsen and Colwell) were evaluated and calibrated in terms of responsiveness (â) and response curvature (C) parameters derived from the Mitscherlich equation. All extraction procedures, except Colwell, had a standard shaking time of 30 min and so1ution:soil ratio of 50. The order of efficacy of the tests was different from that obtained on moderately acid to alkaline soils of central and northern New South Wales. Neutral fluoride and acidic sulfate (Truog) replaced lactate as the best extractant, followed by the double acid Mehlich extractant. The Colwell test was more effective on these very acid soils than on the more alkaline soils, being equal to Bray1 and greatly superior to Bray2 and Olsen. The critical values of the fluoride, Mehlich, Truog, lactate and Colwell tests were significantly lower than they were for more alkaline soils in central New South Wales. The changes in extraction procedures could explain the lower critical values of the lactate and Truog tests, but differences in the critical values of the other three tests were inconsistent with changes in extraction procedures. The results support the hypothesis that a different phosphate extractant is required on very acid soils from that required on moderately acid to alkaline soils

Effects of phosphate buffer capacity on yield response curvature and fertilizer requirements of wheat in relation to soil phosphate tests

Data from 39 fertilizer field experiments in north-western New South Wales were used to examine the effects of phosphate buffer capacity on yield response curvature and fertilizer requirements of wheat in relation to six soil phosphate tests (Bray1, Bray2, BSES, Truog, lactate, and bicarbonate). The soil tests were also evaluated for their accuracy in predicting yield responsiveness in a total of 48 experiments. There was a highly significant negative correlation between buffer capacity and response curvature, accounting for nearly 50% of the variance in curvature. The accuracy of the relationship was highest for moderately and strongly buffered soils. When used to predict curvature and hence fertilizer requirements, buffer capacity increased the variance accounted for by the most effective soil test (lactate) from 32% to 75%, compared with 93% using actual response curvatures. Whether used to predict responsiveness or fertilizer requirement, the lactate test was superior and the bicarbonate test was inferior to other soil tests. The bicarbonate test accounted for only half as much variance in responsiveness as the lactate test, and it accounted for none of the variance in fertilizer requirement. The results confirmed earlier studies showing that the bicarbonate test has several intrinsic properties which make it inferior to other soil tests on moderately acid to alkaline soils

Quality Of Life In Older Adults With Heart Failure: Assessment With A Specific Instrument [qualidade De Vida Relacionada à Saúde Em Idosos Com Insuficiência Cardíaca: Avaliação Com Instrumento Específico]

Objective: To assess the quality of life in elderly patients with heart failure. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in two university hospitals. Interviews were conducted with 170 elderly patients with heart failure in an outpatient setting. To assess the quality of life, the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire was used. Results: The results showed a minor impact of illness on the emotional dimension of quality of life. However, indicators related to the physical dimension, including fatigue and breathlessness, showed a greater impact on quality of life for elderly patients. The internal consistency of the instrument-specific to quality of life was high, indicating satisfactory reliability (α> 0.80). Conclusion: This study enabled the assessment of quality of life of elderly patients living with heart failure, demonstrating that the physical dimension was the most compromised. It is essential to implement strategies to improve physical functioning in these patients.242179184Aronow, W.S., Epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment of systolic and diastolic heart failure in elderly patients (2003) Heart Disease, 5 (4), pp. 279-294. , DOI 10.1097/01.hdx.0000080714.87750.48(2003) Comment in: Heart Dis, 5 (4), pp. 241-243Carels, R.A., The association between disease severity, functional status, depression and daily quality of life in congestive heart failure patients (2004) Quality of Life Research, 13 (1), pp. 63-72. , DOI 10.1023/B:QURE.0000015301.58054.51Fonarow, G.C., Adams Jr., K.F., Abraham, W.T., Yancy, C.W., Boscardin, W.J., Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: Classification and regression tree analysis (2005) Journal of the American Medical Association, 293 (5), pp. 572-580. , DOI 10.1001/jama.293.5.572Scattolin, F.A.A., Diogo, M.J.D.E., Colombo, R.C.R., Correlação entre instrumentos de qualidade de vida relacionada à saude e independência funcional em idosos com insuficiência cardíaca (2007) Cad Saúde Pública = Rep Public Health, 23 (11), pp. 2705-2715Albanesi Filho, F.M., What is the current scenario for heart failure in Brazil? (2005) Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 85 (3), pp. 155-156Witham, M.D., Crighton, L.J., McMurdo, M.E.T., Using an individualised quality of life measure in older heart failure patients (2007) International Journal of Cardiology, 116 (1), pp. 40-45. , DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.03.026, PII S0167527306004189Heo, S., Moser, D.K., Lennie, T.A., Zambroski, C.H., Chung, M.L., A comparison of health-related quality of life between older adults with heart failure and healthy older adults (2007) Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 36 (1), pp. 16-24. , DOI 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.06.003, PII S014795630600135XSantos, J.J.A., Plewka, J.E.A., Brofman, P.R.S., Qualidade de vida e indicadores clínicos na insuficiência cardíaca: Análise multivariada (2009) Arq Bras Cardiol, 93 (2), pp. 159-166Padilla, G.V., Kagawa-Singer, M., Quality of life and culture (1998) Quality of Life From Nursing and Patient Perspectives: Theory, Research, Practice, pp. 74-92. , King CR, Hinds PS, London: Jones and BartlettMeasuring healthy days Population Assessment of Health-related Quality of Life, , http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/pdfs/mhd.pdf, Centers for disease control and prevention, Atlanta, Georgia: CDCNovember 2000. [cited 2007 May 16]. Available fromMasoudi, F.A., Havranek, E.P., Krumholz, H.M., The burden of chronic congestive heart failure in older persons: Magnitude and implications for policy and research (2002) Heart Failure Reviews, 7 (1), pp. 9-16. , DOI 10.1023/A:1013793621248Franzén, K., Blomqvist, K., Saveman, B.I., Impact of chronic heart failure on elderly persons' daily life: A validation study (2006) Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 5 (2), pp. 137-145Roccaforte, R., Demers, C., Baldassarre, F., Teo, K., Yusuf, S., Effectiveness of comprehensive disease management programmes in improving clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. A meta-analysis (2005) European Journal of Heart Failure, 7 (7), pp. 1133-1144. , DOI 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.08.005, PII S1388984205002357(2006) Erratum in: Eur J Heart Fail, 8 (2), pp. 223-224(2005) Comment in: Eur J Heart Fail, 7 (7), pp. 1077-1078Hunt, S.A., Baker, D.W., Chin, M.H., Cinquegrani, M.P., Feldman, A.M., Francis, G.S., Ganiats, T.G., Smith Jr., S.C., International society for heart and lung transplantationHeart failure society of America (2001) Circulation, 104 (24), pp. 2296-3007. , American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure), ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung TransplantationEndorsed by the Heart Failure Society of AmericaRector, T.S., Kubo, S.H., Cohn, J., Patient's self-assessment of their congestive heart failure. 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Content, reliability and validity of a new measure, The minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (1987) Heart Fail, 3 (5), pp. 198-209Saccomann, I.C.R.S., Cintra, F.A., Gallani, M.C.B.J., Psychometric properties of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure-Brazilian version-in the elderly (2007) Quality of Life Research, 16 (6), pp. 997-1005. , DOI 10.1007/s11136-007-9170-zGarin, O., Ferrer, M., Pont, A., Rué, M., Kotzeva, A., Wiklund, I., Disease-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires for heart failure: A systematic review with meta-analyses (2008) Qual Life Res, 18 (1), pp. 71-85Lewis, E.F., Johnson, P.A., Johnson, W., Collins, C., Griffin, L., Stevenson, L.W., Preferences for quality of life or survival expressed by patients with heart failure (2001) Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 20 (9), pp. 1016-1024. , DOI 10.1016/S1053-2498(01)00298-4, PII S1053249801002984Carvalho, V.O., Guimarães, G.V., Carrara, D., Bacal, F., Bocchi, E.A., Validação da versão em português do minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (2009) Arq Bras Cardiol, 93 (1), pp. 39-44Hulley, S.B., Cummings, S.R., (1988) Designing Clinical Research: An Epidemiologic Approach, , editors, Baltimore: Williams & WilkinsRector, T.S., Cohn, J.N., Assessment of patient outcome with the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire: Reliability and validity during a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pimobendan (1992) Pimobendan Multicenter Research Group. 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St Louis: MosbyEvangelista, L.S., Kagawa-Singer, M., Dracup, K., Gender differences in health perceptions and meaning in persons living with heart failure (2001) Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 30 (3), pp. 167-176. , DOI 10.1067/mhl.2001.114893While, A., Kiek, F., Chronic heart failure: Promoting quality of life (2009) Br J Community Nurs, 14 (2), pp. 54-59. , ReviewSoares, D.A., Toledo, J.A.S., Santos, L.F., Lima, R.M.B., Galdeano, L.E., Qualidade de vidas de portadores de insuficiência cardíaca (2008) Acta Paul Enferm, 21 (2), pp. 243-248Hurst, J.W., (2000) Exame Inicial Para Diagnóstico Cardiovascular, pp. 29-30. , Rio de Janeiro: RevinterSisk, J.E., Hebert, P.L., Horowitz, C.R., McLaughlin, M.A., Wang, J.J., Chassin, M.R., Effects of nurse management on the quality of heart failure care in minority communities: A randomized trial (2006) Annals of Internal Medicine, 145 (4), pp. 273-283(2007) Comment in: Ann Intern Med, 146 (4), p. 312. , author reply 312Calvert, M.J., Freemantle, N., Cleland, J.G.F., The impact of chronic heart failure on health-related quality of life data acquired in the baseline phase of the CARE-HF study (2005) European Journal of Heart Failure, 7 (2), pp. 243-251. , DOI 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.01.012Heo, S., Moser, D.K., Riegel, B., Hall, L.A., Christman, N., Testing the psychometric properties of the minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (2005) Nursing Research, 54 (4), pp. 265-272Johansson, P., Agnebrink, M., Dahlstrom, U., Brostrom, A., Measurement of health-related quality of life in chronic heart failure, from a nursing perspective - A review of the literature (2004) European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 3 (1), pp. 7-20. , DOI 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2003.09.004, PII S147451510300094XHak, T., Willems, D., Van Der Wal, G., Visser, F., A qualitative validation of the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (2004) Quality of Life Research, 13 (2), pp. 417-426. , DOI 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018487.35591.6

Yield responsiveness and response curvature as essential criteria for the evaluation and calibration of soil phosphate tests for wheat

In a study using data from 57 wheat field experiments on the central-western slopes of New South Wales, eight soil phosphate tests (Bray,, Bray,, alkaline fluoride, Mehlich, Truog, lactate, Olsen and Colwell) were evaluated and calibrated in terms of responsiveness (â) and response curvature (C) parameters derived from the Mitscherlich equation. The results showed that, regardless of how well correlated a soil test is with yield responsiveness, it cannot give a satisfactory estimate of fertilizer requirement unless yield response curvature is also taken into account. The tendency of soil test values, especially of the Colwell test, to be negatively related to response curvature, and hence inversely related to fertilizer effectiveness, compounded the problem of directly relating soil test values to fertilizer requirement. The best test (lactate) accounted for only 28% of the variance in fertilizer requirement, compared with 50% of the variance in responsiveness, and the worst test (Colwell) was completely unrelated to fertilizer requirements. When fertilizer requirement was estimated from the lactate test value and the actual response curvature for each experiment, 68% of the variance (from the actual fertilizer requirement) was accounted for. Thirteen experiments were subject to drier conditions than the others, and these were less responsive and had lower fertilizer requirements relative to soil test values. In relation to yield responsiveness, the Colwell test was most sensitive (P \u3c 0.001) to dry conditions, while the two best tests (lactate and Bray,) were the least sensitive (P \u3e 0.05). The results demonstrated the superiority of acidic anionic extractants over alkaline bicarbonate extractants on moderately acid to alkaline wheat-growing soils