An association of hostility with awareness of health and other psychosocial factors in an open female population aged 25–64 years in Novosibirsk

Objective: To explore the prevalence of hostility (Hs) and its relation to awareness of health, family and job stress, and other psychosocial factors in a Novosibirsk female population aged 25–64 years.Patients and methods. A random representative sample of 870 women aged 25–64 years from one of the Novosibirsk districts was surveyed within the third screening of the WHO «MONICA-psychosocial» (MOPSY) program in 1994. The response rate was 72.5%. Hs was studied using the MOPSY test (the subscale «Hostility»). Awareness and attitude towards health and preventive measures were assessed using the awareness and attitude towards health test. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to assess the statistical significance of differences between the groups.Results. The prevalence of high Hs was 43.9%. Women with high Hs rated negatively their health more frequently, complained of health complaints more often, and had poor awareness of preventive methods, much smoking, and inadequate physical activity. High Hs was associated with personal anxiety, major depression, high vital exhaustion, low social support, high family and job stresses.Conclusion. The prevalence of obvious Hs in a female population aged 25–64 years is high and it is associated with poor self-rated health, insufficient health care, and a large number of negative psychosocial factors

Dynamics of sleep duration (2003-2018) and the risk of myocardial infarction in an open population aged 45-64 years in Russia/Siberia

Aim. To determine the dynamics and impact of sleep duration in 2003-2018 on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in an open population aged 45-64 years in Novosibirsk.Material and methods. The study included representative samples of the population aged 45-64 years, obtained as part of the screening IV in 2003-2005 (men, 576; mean age, 54,23±0,2 years; response rate, 61%; women, 1074; mean age, 54,27+0,2 years; response rate, 72%) and screening VI in 2015-2018 (men, n=275; mean age, 49±0,4 years; response, 72%; women, n=390; mean age, 45±0,4 years; response rate, 75%). Screenings were carried out according to the standard protocol of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial Program (MOPSY). The Jenkins Questionnaire was used to assess sleep duration and disturbances.Results. For the period from 2003-2005 to 2015-2018, we revealed decrease in the number of following people: with 7 hours of sleep at night from 44,9% to 31,9%; with 8 hours of sleep from 28,5% to 24,4%. In addition, the number of participants with ≤5 hours of sleep increased from 4,9% to 9,9%, while those with ≤6 hours — from 16,2% to 27,2%, as well as the number of people sleeping 9 hours a day (from 3,7% to 5,4%). In 2003-2005, among the population in the age group of 55- 64 years, 7-hour sleep was observed more often (45б1%); 6-hour sleep prevailed in the group of people aged 45-54 (18,9%). There were no significant differences between the duration of sleep and the age group according to screening VI in 2015- 2018. Among men, 6-hour sleep were observed more often (38.4%), and among women — 7 hours (37,3%). Those who sleep 7 hours a night were more likely to consider their sleep “good” (35,3%) in 2015-2018. In a population of 45-64 years old, over a 14-year period, the risk of MI was higher as follows: 1. in men with 5-6 hours of sleep than with 7-8 hours of sleep at night by 1,689 times (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,124-2,537 p<0,012); in men aged 45-54 years by 2,416 times (95% CI, 1,311-4,452; p<0,005), respectively; 2. in women with 5-6 hours of sleep by 1,591 times (95% CI, 1,058-2,392; p<0,026) compared with 7-8-hour duration of sleep. In the 45-54 year group, the risk of MI was higher among women with 9-10 hours of sleep a night by 4,44 times (95% CI, 2,726-20,309; p<0,0001) compared with women who had 7-8 hours of sleep at night.Conclusion. We revealed that over the period of 2003-2018, the duration of night sleep of 7-8 hours among the population aged 45-64 years (without cardiovascular diseases) decreased both among men and women. At the same time, the “good” quality of sleep was more often found in people with 7-hour sleep. It was determined that short sleep duration was associated with MI among men and women, and long sleep duration turned out to be a risk factor for MI for women in the group of 45-54 years

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND VITAL EXHAUSTION: LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN RUSSIA/SIBERIA (WHO MONICA — PSYCHOSOCIAL PROGRAM)

Aim. To study prevalence rates of vital exhaustion and its effects on 14-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke) development and genetic traits in open population of 25–64-yearold men in Russia/Siberia (West Siberia metropolis, Novosibirsk).Material and methods. Random representative sample of 25–64-year-old men was studied in a framework of WHO MONICA-Psychosocial Program (MOPSY) in 1994. Maastricht Questionnaire (MQ) was used to assess vital exhaustion. Genotyping for variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms in DRD4 and DAT genes was performed. All new cases of AH, MI, and stroke were registered among people without CVD for 14 years (from 1994 to 2008). Statistical analysis was done by using software package SPSS 11.5. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for evaluation of risk coefficient (hazard ratio (HR) taking into account time-adjusted control. Х2 test was used to assess statistical significance of differences between the groups.Results. In the study population, the vital exhaustion rate was 66,8%. Hazard ration was significantly increased (AH: HR=3,2; MI: HR=2,7; stroke: HR=3,2) in men with vital exhaustion compared with vital exhaustion-free individuals in open population during the first five years of observation. Multifactorial modeling showed that vital exhaustion together with concomitant social gradient determined development of AH, MI, and stroke in open population of 25–64-year-old men. Allele 7 of DRD4 and genotype 9/9 of DAT gene were associated with high level of vital exhaustion.Conclusion: Open population of 25–64-year-old men (Russia/Siberia, Novosibirsk) showed high level of vital exhaustion, a predictor for risk of developing CVD. Vital exhaustion is significantly associated with certain VNTR polymorphisms of DRD4 and DAT gens

15-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with personal anxiety, sleep disturbance among men 45-69 years old in Russia /Siberia (international epidemiological study “HAPIEE”)

BACKGROUND: Determine the effect of personal anxiety, sleep disorders on the 15-year risk of developing (RR) diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 among men (M) 45-69 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). METHODS: In 2003–2005 As part of the IV screening of the international epidemiological study “HAPIEE”, a representative sample of m 45–69 years was examined (n=781 M, mean age-56.48±0.20 years, response – 61.00%). The level of personal anxiety (PA) was assessed using the Spielberger scale (HPA – high, MPA – medium, LPA – low). With the help of the scale “Knowledge and attitude to one’s health”, the level of sleep disorders (SD) was assessed. The period of observation of the cohort was 15 years. To check the statistical significance of the differences between the groups, the Pearson χ2 test was used. For risk assessment, Cox-regression single-factor and multivariate regression proportional hazards model was used (Cox-­regression). RESULTS: Among persons with the first occurrence of DM type 2, HPA at the screening was 59.50%, and 63.30% had SD. The combination of HPA and SD was significant among M with the first-onset diabetes mellitus. During the 15-year period, among M with HLA, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 1.60 times higher than without. Among people with SD, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 2.40 times higher than without. In Cox – the proportional multifactor model, each variable had its own independent influence. HPA increased the RR DM of the 2nd type by 1.90 times, and SD – by 2.80 times. CONCLUSION: It was established that a high level of PA and SD are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes, moreover, with SD, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is higher than with a high level of PA

ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СО СТРЕССОМ В СЕМЬЕ В РОССИИ/ СИБИРИ (ПРОГРАММА ВОЗ «MONICA-ПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ»)

Aim. To identify the impact of gender differences in family stress on the risk profle of arterial hypertension (AH) in the general population aged 25–64 years in Russia / Siberia.Methods. A random representative sample of the Novosibirsk population of both sexes aged 25–64 (men: n = 657, 44.3±0.4 years, response rate – 82.1%; women: n = 689, 45.4±0.4 years, response rate ‒ 72.5%) was screened in the WHO “MONICApsychosocial program” in 1994. The screening program included the collection of social and demographic data and assessment of family stress. 229 new cases of arterial hypertension in women and 46 cases in men have been determined within the 16-year follow-up.Results. Men (31.5%) had higher level of family stress in the general population aged 25–64, than women (20.9%). In the 16-year period, the risk of hypertension was higher in men (HR = 2.24) than women (HR = 1.39) exposed to family stress. After the adjustment to the social status and age, the risk of developing hypertension remained higher in men than in women (RR = 1.9 vs. HR = 1.37, respectively). Divorced and widowed men had the highest risk of arterial hypertension compared to women aged 45–54 years (HR = 12.7 vs. HR = 10.6 vs. HR = 2.86, respectively).Conclusion. Family stress is more common in men than in women. Risk of arterial hypertension is higher in men than in women who experienced family stress.Цель. Определить гендерные различия влияния стресса в семье на риск возникновения артериальной гипертензии (АГ) в открытой популяции возрастного периода 25–64 лет в России/Сибири.Материалы и методы. В рамках III скрининга программы ВОЗ «MONICA-psychosocial» обследована случайная репрезентативная выборка населения обоего пола 25–64 лет Новосибирска (старт исследования в 1994 г., мужчины n = 657, 44,3±0,4 года, отклик – 82,1%; женщины: n = 689, 45,4±0,4 года, отклик – 72,5%). Программа скринирующего обследования включала: регистрацию социально-демографических данных, определение стресса в семье. За 16-летний период наблюдения было выявлено 229 впервые возникших случаев АГ у женщин и 46 случаев ‒ у мужчин.Результаты. В открытой популяции 25–64 лет уровень высокого стресса в семье был выше среди мужчин (31,5%), чем среди женщин (20,9%). В течение 16-летнего периода, среди лиц, испытывающих стрессовые ситуации в семье, риск развития АГ был выше у мужчин (ОР = 2,24), чем среди женщин (ОР = 1,39). С учётом социальных параметров и возраста риск развития АГ также остался выше у мужчин (ОР = 1,9), чем у женщин (ОР = 1,37). Наибольший риск развития АГ наблюдался у разведённых (ОР = 12,7) и овдовевших мужчин (ОР = 10,6), и среди женщин в возрасте 45–54 лет, испытывающих стрессовые ситуации в семье (ОР = 2,86).Заключение. Стресс дома распространен больше у мужчин, чем у женщин. Риск развития АГ при наличии стресса дома у мужчин выше, чем у женщин

Жизненное истощение и риск развития инсульта в открытой популяции мужчин 25–64 лет (эпидемиологическое исследование на основе программы ВОЗ MONICAпсихосоциальная)

Risk of the stroke in population men in 25–64 years old with vital exhaustion in the course of 14 years was examined. WHO-MONICA-psychosocial program are using. Workers and low education men has risk of the stroke more often. Risk of the stroke in the 25–64 years old men population associated with vital exhaustion.Исследован риск инсульта в популяции мужчин 25-64 лет с жизненным истощением в течение 14 лет. Использовалась программа ВОЗ MONICA-psychosocial. Риск инсульта через 5 лет - 3,2; 10 лет - 4,9; 14 лет - 2,1 у мужчин с жизненным истощением. Чаще инсульт наблюдался у мужчин рабочих профессий и с низким уровнем образования. У мужчин 25-64 лет риск инсульта связан с жизненным истощением

РИСК ИНФАРКТА МИОКАРДА И ИНСУЛЬТА В ОТКРЫТОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ СРЕДИ ЖЕНЩИН 25–64 лет С НИЗКОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКОЙ в г. НОВОСИБИРСКЕ

The purpose. To study the prevalence of social support (SS) and it’s influence on relative risk of myocardial infarction(MI) and stroke in female population of 25–64 years in Russia.Materials and methods. Under the third screening of the WHO «MONICA-psychosocial» program random representative sample of women aged 25–64 years (n=870) were surveyed in Novosibirsk. SS were measured according to the methodic of Berkman-Sym test (indices of close contacts (ICC) and social network (SNI)). From 1995 to 2010 women were followed for 16 years for the incidence of MI and stroke.Results. The prevalence of low levels of ICC and SNI in women aged 25–64 was 57,1 and 77,7 % respectively. Low levels of ICC and SNI associated with poor self-rated health and awareness about the health, adverse behavioral habits, high job strain and family stress.Over a 16 years of study relative risk of MI in women with low ICC was higher in 4,9 times, risk of stroke was higher in 4,1 times than in those with higher levels of ICC. Low SNI increase risk MI incidence in 2,9 times, risk of stroke in 2,7 times (p for all <0,05). Rates of MI and stroke incidence were higher in married women with low ICC and SNI who were being in class «hard manual labor» compared higher SS levels.Conclusions. Our findings show high prevalence low levels of ICC and SNI, associated with poor self-rated health and reduced awareness about the health. Low ICC and SNI increase the risk of MI and stroke in female population aged 25–64 years.Цель. Установить распространенность и влияние социальной поддержки (СП) на относительный риск развития инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и инсульта в открытой популяции женщин 25–64 лет в течение 16 лет.Материалы и методы. В рамках программы ВОЗ «MONICA-psychosocial» в 1994 г. была обследована случайная репрезентативная выборка женщин в возрасте 25–64 лет одного из районов Новосибирска. Личностная тревожность (ЛТ ) была изучена по методике теста Беркмана – Сима. Общий объем выборки составил 870 лиц. В течение 16-летнего периода (1994–2010 гг.) в когорте исследовали все впервые возникшие случаи инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и инсульта. Для оценки относительного риска развития ИМ и инсульта использовали регрессионную модель Кокса.Результаты. Распространенность низких уровней ICC и SNI в открытой популяции среди женщин 25–64 лет составила 57,1 и 77,7 % соответственно. Низкие уровни ICC и SNI связаны с плохой самооценкой здоровья, низким уровнем информированности о своем здоровье, неблагоприятным поведенческим профилем, высоким уровнем стресса в семье и на работе. В течение 16 лет относительный риск развития ИМ у женщин 25–64 лет с низким ICC был в 4,9 раза выше (95 % ДИ=1,108–21,762; p<0,05), инсульта – в 4,1 раза выше (95 % ДИ=1,193–14,055; p<0,05), чем при более высоких уровнях ICC. Низкий SNI у женщин 25–64 лет увеличивал риск развития ИМ в 2,92 раза (95 % ДИ=1,040–8,208; p<0,05), инсульта – в 2,72 раза (95 % ДИ=1,094–6,763; p<0,05). Частота возникновения ИМ и инсульта выше у замужних женщин с низким ICC и SNI в классах «тяжелый физический труд» в сравнении с более высокими показателями СП.Выводы. Полученные результаты показывают высокую распространенность низких уровней ICC и SNI, которые связаны с плохой самооценкой здоровья и низкой информированностью. Низкий ICC и SNI увеличивают риск развития инфаркта миокарда и инсульта в популяции женщин 25–64 лет

A new class of glycomimetic drugs to prevent free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction

Background: Carbohydrates play a major role in cell signaling in many biological processes. We have developed a set of glycomimetic drugs that mimic the structure of carbohydrates and represent a novel source of therapeutics for endothelial dysfunction, a key initiating factor in cardiovascular complications. Purpose: Our objective was to determine the protective effects of small molecule glycomimetics against free fatty acid­induced endothelial dysfunction, focusing on nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress pathways. Methods: Four glycomimetics were synthesized by the stepwise transformation of 2,5­dihydroxybenzoic acid to a range of 2,5­substituted benzoic acid derivatives, incorporating the key sulfate groups to mimic the interactions of heparan sulfate. Endothelial function was assessed using acetylcholine­induced, endotheliumdependent relaxation in mouse thoracic aortic rings using wire myography. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior was evaluated in the presence or absence of the free fatty acid, palmitate, with or without glycomimetics (1µM). DAF­2 and H2DCF­DA assays were used to determine nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Lipid peroxidation colorimetric and antioxidant enzyme activity assays were also carried out. RT­PCR and western blotting were utilized to measure Akt, eNOS, Nrf­2, NQO­1 and HO­1 expression. Results: Ex vivo endothelium­dependent relaxation was significantly improved by the glycomimetics under palmitate­induced oxidative stress. In vitro studies showed that the glycomimetics protected HUVECs against the palmitate­induced oxidative stress and enhanced NO production. We demonstrate that the protective effects of pre­incubation with glycomimetics occurred via upregulation of Akt/eNOS signaling, activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, and suppression of ROS­induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: We have developed a novel set of small molecule glycomimetics that protect against free fatty acidinduced endothelial dysfunction and thus, represent a new category of therapeutic drugs to target endothelial damage, the first line of defense against cardiovascular disease

Personal anxiety and coronary heart disease

Connections of personal anxiety as one of conducting psychosocial factors, with ischemic heart diseases and other psychosocial factors in a population of men of 25-64 years are investigated within the framework of the program the WHO “MONICA – psychosocial“. It is shown, that, prevalence high personal anxiety is high and more distributed in young age groups, among persons with an elementary education and working specialties. The share of persons with ischemic heart diseases is higher at presence personal anxiety, than without it

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND STROKE: 16-YEAR RISK AND STRESS AT WORK IN OPEN POPULATION OF 25–64-YEAR-OLD WOMEN IN RUSSIA/SIBERIA (WHO MONICA–PSYCHOSOCIAL PROGRAM)

Aim. To determine the effects of stress at workplace on the risks (HR: hazard ratio) of development of myocardial infarction and stroke in open population of 25-64-yearold women in Russia/Siberia (Novosibirsk).Material and methods. Random representative sample of 25-64-year-old women (n=870) was examined in a framework of WHO MONICA-Psychosocial program in one of Novosibirsk districts. Stress at workplace was studied by using the Karasek scale; attitudes to work and prophylactic exams were studied by using the scale of “Knowledge and attitude towards one’s own health” of WHO MONICA-Psychosocial program. During 16 years (1994-2010), all first-time cases of myocardial infarction and stroke were studied in the cohort based on the WHO program of Register of Acute Myocardial Infarction and all available documentation. Cox regression model was used for determination of myocardial infarction and stroke risk over 16 years of follow-up.Results. Prevalence rate of high level of stress in open population of 25-64-yearold women was 31,6%. High levels of stress at work were associated with high levels of responsibility, inability to get rest at the end of workday, frequent professional dissatisfaction, and decreased working ability. For 16 years, HR was by 3,22 times higher for myocardial infarction (p<0,05) and 1,96 times higher for stroke (p<0,05) in women with stress at work. Rates of myocardial infarction and stroke were higher in married women who experienced stress at work, belonged to categories of managers and physical labor, and had high and low level of education.Conclusion. Prevalence of high level of stress at workplace is significant in open population of 25–64-year-old women in Russia/Siberia (Novosibirsk). In the presence of stress at workplace, HR of myocardial infarction and stroke were 2 to 3 times higher than without it. Social gradient affected HR of infarct and stroke