Исследование биологически активных веществ Atragene speciosa Weinm.

From the overground part of Atragene speciosa Weinm. family Ranunculaceae, we obtained a fraction possessing a marked nootropic effect from which 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-2, its 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and a sum of glycosides of dihydroxybutane acid were isolated. In addition to the foregoing substances, in the pharmacologically active fraction we revealed the presence of triterpene glycosides (whose sapogenins are hederagenine and oleanolic acid), aminoacids and microelements. For the frist time the obtained data about the biologically active substances and their pharmacological activity give us the possibility of development of a new phytopreparation with the nootropic effect on the basis of Atragene speciose Weinm.Из надземной части княжика сибирского Atragene speciosa Weinm. сем. Ranunculaceae получена фракция, обладающая выраженным ноотропным эффектом, из которой выделены 3,4-дигидроксифенилэтанол-2 и его 2-О-β-D-глюкопиранозид, а также сумма гликозидов дигидроксибутановой кислоты. В фармакологически активной фракции выявлено содержание, кроме указанных веществ, тритерпеновых гликозидов (сапогенинами которых являются хедерагенин и олеаноловая кислота), аминокислот и микроэлементов. Впервые полученные нами данные о биологически активных веществах и их фармакологической активности дают возможность создания нового фитопрепарата ноотропного действия на основе княжика сибирского

New method of spectral analysis of human hair

A new optimal method of preparing one of the human biosubstrates (hair) to an arc atomic emission spectral analysis is proposed on the basis of complex physical and chemical studies. A new method of determining the content of macro- and micro-elements is developed. Following the developed technique we performed analysis of hairs in group of patients in order to diagnose diseases additionally, assess the habitat, and restore the element balance in the body. Comparing the content of elements in the human hair with reference values, it is possible to assess the degree of element imbalance in the body. This technique has passed metrological certification. Obtained by this method results of analysis of hair were used to identify clinical and laboratory correlations, to determine the elemental human status, and to diagnose various diseases

Analysis of catalysts by spectrophotometry with partial least-squares method

Введение. Многие переходные металлы, входящие в состав катализаторов, способны образовывать окрашенные комплексы, и спектрофотометрия могла бы стать удобным и недорогим методом оценки их содержания. Но из-за сильного перекрывания спектров такие методики практически не применяют в анализе катализаторов. Расширить возможности спектрофотометрии можно за счет перехода к многоволновому варианту анализа в сочетании с хемометрической обработкой спектров. Цель работы - показать возможность применения спектрофотометрии в сочетании с методом проекции на латентные структуры (PLS) для определения металлов в нанесенных катализаторах по реакциям комплексообразования с неселективным реагентом 4-(2 пиридилазо)резорцином (ПАР). Объекты анализа - Pd-Ga катализаторы на основе оксида алюминия и сибунита, а также модельная сухая смесь состава PdO-Re₂O₇/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-Na₂SO₄. Эксперимент. Катализаторы и сухие модельные смеси, содержащие один или несколько металлов, разлагали в кислотах; полученные растворы анализировали методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (АЭС-ИСП), а также спектрофотометрическим методом до и после прибавления к ним реагента ПАР. Результаты. Показана возможность раздельного спектрофотометрического определения 1-4 металлов, как по собственному поглощению, так и с использованием ПАР. В случае определения нескольких металлов обработку спектральной информации вели методом PLS. PLS-градуировка построена по спектрам поглощения растворов реальных проб катализаторов с использованием данных о содержании компонентов, полученных методом АЭС-ИСП. Такой подход позволил учесть влияние матрицы и определять в катализаторах металлы с погрешностями 1-5 % отн. и относительным стандартным отклонением от 0.01 до 0.06, что сопоставимо по точности с методом АЭС-ИСП.Introduction. Many transition metals that make up catalysts are capable of forming colored complexes, and spectrophotometry could be a convenient and inexpensive method to estimate their content. However, such techniques are not widely applied in the analysis of catalysts because of the strong overlapping spectra. Multi wave analysis in combination with the chemometric treatment of the spectra can extend the capabilities of the spectrophotometry. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to show the possibility of applying spectrophotometry in combination with the partial least-squares method (PLS) to determine metals in catalysts by reactions of complex formations. It was proposed to use a non-selective reagent 4 (2 pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). Experimental Procedures. Catalysts and dry model mixtures containing one or more metals were decomposed by acids. Spectra of the resulting solutions and spectra of the solutions after adding the above mentioned PAR reagent were recorded. The resulting solutions were also analyzed using the reference method of atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). Results. The possibility to separately determine from 1 to 4 metals by spectrophotometry both on their own absorption in the UV region and using PAR reagent was shown. In the case of determination of several metals the partial least-squares method (PLS) was utilized for processing the spectral information. To construct the PLS-calibration for the first time, the absorption spectra of the real samples of catalysts in combination with data obtained by atomic emission spectroscopy method (AES) was used. This approach allowed considering the influence of the matrix and quantifying metals in catalysts with errors of 1-5%, and with the relative standard deviation of 0.01 to 0.06, which is comparable in accuracy to the AES method

Diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes and pregnancy. Modern view of the problem

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is specific kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus. DN develops relatively often in pregestational diabetes patients (5,9-26%) and stills one of the main limitations for successful pregnancy in this patients’ group. Advanced DN increases risks of poor pregnancy outcomes for women and fetuses including chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, high rate of preeclampsia, preterm deliveries, Cesarean sections, perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. At the same time there are more and more successful pregnancies with advanced DN in the wold.In our paper we systematize global experience of planning and management pregnancies with type 1 diabetes and DN in different stages of renal impairment. We discuss role of nephroprotective therapy in preconception care, achievement and maintaining blood pressure goals, multidisciplinary team care for improvement pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetic women with DN

Clinical and morphological features of salmonellosis in cows and calves affected by heat stress

Exposure to abnormally high temperatures in the Middle Urals has ledtochronic heat stress in cattle. Despitethe measures taken toprotect thedairy herdfrom overheating (fans, irrigationwith coolwater, livestocksunshades), the heatstressunderminedtheimmunityofanimals, thus, leadingtoan excessiverisein Salmonella population in the gastrointestinal tract, increasedin test in alpermeability, and could also bethecause of increasedvirulence of such serotypes as – Salmonella choleraesuis, that are not typical for cattle. The simultaneous presenceof twopathogensof Salmonella entericasubsp. entericaspecies: i.e. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella choleraesuis – causeda number of clinical and morphological changesin adultcows. In cows, the infection manifested itself by persistent diarrhea with mucus, reduced milkproduction and intoxication. In calves, the disease was accompanied by septic signs, severein toxication, hyperthermia (40.5–41.0 °C), severed ehydration (morethan 7%) and death. Histopathological examination of bovineparenchymal organs revealed changes typical for salmonellos is pathological process: specific salmonella granulomas were foundin parenchymalorgans (liver, spleen). Some pathological processestypical for sepsiswere foundin other parenchymalorgans (kidneys, heart). The nature of pathological changes in dicates that there is as epticprocess that spreads both hematogenically and lymphogenically, and the structure of granulomas most likely indicates that such apathogen as Salmonelacholeraesuis circulates in cattle

INFLUENCE OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION ON THE LEVEL OF SERUM ANGIOPOIETIN-LIKE PROTEINS AND ANTI-PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a frequent background for the development of renal pathology. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is determined in more than 30% of patients with RA. Along with inflammation and other factors in the progression of the underlying disease, the development of renal damage in RA is facilitated by the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS).The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of serum concentrations of angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) with the development of renal dysfunction in patients with RA.We examined 158 patients with RA (91.8% – women and 8.2% – men) aged 21 to 80 years old and an average duration of the disease – 9 (4-15) years. The majority of patients were seropositive for rheumatoid factor and for antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide, with an advanced clinical stage and moderate activity (3.2 < DAS28 ≤ 5.1) of the pathological process.The ELISA test was used for the quantitative determination of angiopoietin-like protein type 3 and type 4 and antibodies to phospholipids (aРL-IgG/IgM) for total detection of antibodies to cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylic acid and a complex of negatively charged phospholipid and β2-glycoprotein-I.More than half of the examined RA patients had the calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranging from 89 to 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (allocation by CKD stages: C1 – 21.5%; C2 – 58.9%; C3 – 19.6%). Signs of MetS (a combination of increased blood pressure, increased triglyceride levels and carbohydrate metabolism disorders against the background of central obesity) were diagnosed in 68 (43%) RA patients. Multivariable analysis of variance was performed to compare the studied parameters (ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, aPL) depending on eGFR in groups of RA patients without signs of metabolic syndrome and RA patients with MetS. Significant differences in the level of ANGPTL3 (F = 8.86, p = 0.0034) and ANGPTL4 (F = 29.6, p < 0.001), but not aPL (p > 0,05) were found between RA patients with varying degrees of severity of metabolic disorders.Multivariable analysis of variance showed a significant increase in ANGPTL4 in the blood serum of RA patients with reduced eGFR (< 89 ml/min) (F = 18.5, p < 0.001) and pronounced metabolic changes (F = 24.2, p < 0.001). Thus, only two factors (renal dysfunction and the presence of MetS) had a direct effect on the ANGPTL4 content in RA patients, which could describe the variability of this sign in more than 30% of cases. The squared multiple correlation coefficient (R2 ) in this model was 0.33. ANGPTL type 4 should be considered as a key factor linking the development of renal dysfunction and metabolic changes caused by rheumatoid inflammation

Role of brain natriuretic peptide in the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension

Modern medicine has successfully used the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a biomarker for many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). According to a number of studies, NT-proBNP may also play a role in the development of resistant hypertension (RH), but the existing work addresses this issue only indirectly. In turn, RH causes serious damage to the economic and social spheres, worsening the quality of life of patients. Thus, the complexity of verification and treatment of RH, the inconsistency of the described associations of NT-proBNP and RH makes this topic more relevant than ever

SNP-Based Chromosomal Microarray Analysis for Detecting DNA Copy Number Variations in Fetuses with a Thickened Nuchal Fold

The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic potential of SNP-based chromosomal microarray analysis for detecting pathogenic copies number variations (CNVs) in fetuses with a normal karyotype, in which an increase in the nuchal translucence of >2.5 mm was detected by ultrasound at a gestational age of 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 225 pregnant women who underwent invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures following the detection of an isolated thickening of the fetal nuchal fold. The fetal material obtained was examined using a cytogenetic test; if a normal karyotype was confirmed, chromosomal microarray analysis was performed as a second-line test. RESULTS: Pathogenic CNVs were detected in 22 of 225 fetuses (9.8%) with a normal karyotype. Of these 22 fetuses, pathogenic CNVs not classified as syndromes were detected in 14 cases (63.6%), and those previously described as syndromes — in 8 cases (36.4%). In 9 fetuses (41%), CNVs in two non-homologous chromosomes were determined; these findings indicated a high likelihood of carrying balanced translocations in the parents. Indeed, when analyzing the parent’s karyotype, in 8 out of 9 couples, balanced translocations were found in one of the parents. CONCLUSION: Using chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with a thickened nuchal fold makes it possible to increase the ability to detect chromosomal imbalances, including those caused by pathological meiotic segregation of parental reciprocal translocation

Кистозная трансформация шишковидной железы (лучевая анатомия и варианты строения эпифиза): проспективное исследование

INTRODUCTION: Pineal cysts are a common finding on brain MRI, but their which remains unclear. A theory has been put forward that non-occlusive cysts can compress the deep cerebral veins, leading to intracranial hypertension.OBJECTIVE: Тo study the variant MRI appearance of the pineal gland.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 48 volunteers underwent an MRI examination using a 1.5 T Toshiba Exelart Vantage device to assess the presence of MRI signs of central venous hypertension, taking into account the morphological variants of the pineal gland structure, and a category was assigned based on the calculated tectum-splenium-cyst ratio and thalamic coefficient. The mean age of men was 41.27±4.63, of women — 31.5±2.58 years. The study participants were divided into three groups: the 1st group — no pineal cyst, the 2nd group — pineal cyst less than 10 mm, the 3rd group —a cyst larger than 10 mm.RESULTS: Based on the obtained tectum-splenium-cyst ratios and the ADC coefficient, it was found that in the volunteer group with cysts larger than 10 mm, 8 out of 15 people were at increased risk of developing central venous hypertension (categories 3 and 4). Category 4 patients had the narrowest aqueduct (1.1–1.2 mm). In the 2nd group, in persons with a pineal cyst less than 10 mm, there were no signs of aqueductal stenosis or tectal plate compression. In the 3rd group, in persons without a pineal cyst, there were also no signs of aqueductal stenosis or tectal plate compression, however, category 3 was assigned to 8 volunteers, which may be due to other causes of venous outflow impairment.CONCLUSION: A large pineal cysts occur in younger patients, and in the presence of aqueductal narrowing and an increased risk of venous hypertension may cause clinical manifestations such as headaches, dizziness, and sleep disturbances. When patients present with relevant complaints, categorization based on DWI and SSFP is an additional criterion that reflects the degree of impact of the pineal cyst on adjacent structures. ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Кисты эпифиза являются частой находкой при проведении МР-исследований, и их генез до сих пор четко не описан в научной литературе. Выдвинута теория, согласно которой неокклюзирующие кисты могут сдавливать глубинные вены головного мозга, что может приводить к внутричерепной гипертензии.ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение МР-семиотики вариантов строения эпифиза.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: 48 добровольцам было выполнено МР-исследование на магнитном томографе Toshiba Exelart Vantage с силой магнитного поля 1,5 Т для оценки наличия МР-маркеров центральной венозной гипертензии с учетом морфологического варианта строения эпифиза и выставлена категория на основе посчитанных пластинчато-валико-кистозного и таламического коэффициентов. Участники исследования были разделены на три группы: 1-я группа — без кисты эпифиза, 2-я группа — с кистой менее 10 мм, 3-я группа — с крупной кистой более 10 мм.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: На основании полученных коэффициентов tectum-splenium-cyst и коэффициента ADC было выявлено, что в группе добровольцев с кистами более 10 мм в группы повышенного риска развития центральной венозной гипертензии (категория 3 и 4) попали 8 из 15 человек. Пациенты с 4 категорией имели самый узкий просвет водопровода (1,1–1,2 мм). Во 2-й группе, у лиц с кистой эпифиза менее 10 мм, признаков стеноза водопровода и компрессии тектальной пластинки выявлено не было. В 3-й группе, у лиц без кисты эпифиза, также не было выявлено признаков стеноза водопровода и компрессии тектальной пластинки, однако 3 категория была выставлена 8 добровольцам, что может быть связано с иными причинами нарушения венозного оттока.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Крупная киста эпифиза встречается у пациентов более молодого возраста, а наличие у них сужения водопровода и повышенного риска венозной гипертензии может обусловливать клинические проявления в виде головных болей, головокружений и нарушений сна. При предъявлении пациентами соответствующих жалоб выставление категории на основании DWI и SSFP является дополнительным критерием, отражающим степень воздействия кисты эпифиза на прилежащие структуры