Dynamical model of sequential spatial memory: winnerless competition of patterns

We introduce a new biologically-motivated model of sequential spatial memory which is based on the principle of winnerless competition (WLC). We implement this mechanism in a two-layer neural network structure and present the learning dynamics which leads to the formation of a WLC network. After learning, the system is capable of associative retrieval of pre-recorded sequences of spatial patterns.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to PR

СЛУЧАЙ ЛЕЙШМАНИОЗА В СТАЦИОНАРЕ, СЛОЖНОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ

In the article presents a review of literature on Leishmaniasis. The disease is not endemic inMoscowregion, nevertheless doctors of all specializations should be alert to the development of the disease, especially in autumn due to extensive migration of population. The authors described basic forms of leishmaniasis, its clinical symptoms, problems of diagnosis and modern methods of treatment. The work also presents a clinical case, confirmed by serological tests and other methods.В статье представлены литературные данные по лейшманиозу — заболеванию, не являющемуся эндемичным в Московском регионе, тем не менее врачам всех специальностей следует иметь определенную настороженность в отношении развития данного заболевания, особенно в осенний период времени в связи с широкой миграцией населения. Описаны основные формы лейшманиоза, его клинические симптомы, отражены сложности диагностики, даны современные методы лечения. Также представлен клинический случай, подтвержденный серологическими исследованиями и другими методами

Emotion in the Common Model of Cognition

Emotions play an important role in human cognition and therefore need to be present in the Common Model of Cognition. In this paper, the emotion working group focuses on functional aspects of emotions and describes what we believe are the points of interactions with the Common Model of Cognition. The present paper should not be viewed as a consensus of the group but rather as a first attempt to extract common and divergent aspects of different models of emotions and how they relate to the Common Model of Cognition

Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of the morphological development of neurons

BACKGROUND: The morphological development of neurons is a very complex process involving both genetic and environmental components. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation are valuable tools in helping us unravel particular aspects of how individual neurons grow their characteristic morphologies and eventually form appropriate networks with each other. METHODS: A variety of mathematical models that consider (1) neurite initiation (2) neurite elongation (3) axon pathfinding, and (4) neurite branching and dendritic shape formation are reviewed. The different mathematical techniques employed are also described. RESULTS: Some comparison of modelling results with experimental data is made. A critique of different modelling techniques is given, leading to a proposal for a unified modelling environment for models of neuronal development. CONCLUSION: A unified mathematical and numerical simulation framework should lead to an expansion of work on models of neuronal development, as has occurred with compartmental models of neuronal electrical activity

The spike-timing-dependent learning rule to encode spatiotemporal patterns in a network of spiking neurons

We study associative memory neural networks based on the Hodgkin-Huxley type of spiking neurons. We introduce the spike-timing-dependent learning rule, in which the time window with the negative part as well as the positive part is used to describe the biologically plausible synaptic plasticity. The learning rule is applied to encode a number of periodical spatiotemporal patterns, which are successfully reproduced in the periodical firing pattern of spiking neurons in the process of memory retrieval. The global inhibition is incorporated into the model so as to induce the gamma oscillation. The occurrence of gamma oscillation turns out to give appropriate spike timings for memory retrieval of discrete type of spatiotemporal pattern. The theoretical analysis to elucidate the stationary properties of perfect retrieval state is conducted in the limit of an infinite number of neurons and shows the good agreement with the result of numerical simulations. The result of this analysis indicates that the presence of the negative and positive parts in the form of the time window contributes to reduce the size of crosstalk term, implying that the time window with the negative and positive parts is suitable to encode a number of spatiotemporal patterns. We draw some phase diagrams, in which we find various types of phase transitions with change of the intensity of global inhibition.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ВИРУСА ГЕРПЕСА 6-ГО ТИПА В ГЕНЕЗЕ СУДОРОЖНОГО СИНДРОМА У ДЕТЕЙ

The value of human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) in the structure of seizures in 114 children in three groups of patients: with neuroinfections, with epilepsy and febrile convulsions was studied. Determination of HHV-6 by polymerase chain reaction in the acute period of the disease is a reliable sign (p < 0.001), and most often diagnosed in children in the group with febrile seizures (53.8%). Recovery in children with seizures caused by HHV-6, was observed only in 28% of cases,38.8% of patients in the outcome of the disease expand the epilepsy.Изучено значение вируса герпеса человека 6-го типа (HHV-6) в структуре судорожного синдрома у 114 детей в трех группах больных: с нейроинфекциями, с эпилепсией и с фебрильными судорогами. Выявление генома HHV-6 методом полимеразной цепной реакции в остром периоде заболевания является достоверным признаком (р < 0,001) и наиболее часто обнаруживает-ся у детей в группе с фебрильными судорогами (53,8%). Выздоровление у детей с судорожным синдромом, обусловленным HHV-6, наблюдается лишь в 28% случаев, у 38,8% больных в исходе заболевания развивается эпилепсия.

Representing Where along with What Information in a Model of a Cortical Patch

Behaving in the real world requires flexibly combining and maintaining information about both continuous and discrete variables. In the visual domain, several lines of evidence show that neurons in some cortical networks can simultaneously represent information about the position and identity of objects, and maintain this combined representation when the object is no longer present. The underlying network mechanism for this combined representation is, however, unknown. In this paper, we approach this issue through a theoretical analysis of recurrent networks. We present a model of a cortical network that can retrieve information about the identity of objects from incomplete transient cues, while simultaneously representing their spatial position. Our results show that two factors are important in making this possible: A) a metric organisation of the recurrent connections, and B) a spatially localised change in the linear gain of neurons. Metric connectivity enables a localised retrieval of information about object identity, while gain modulation ensures localisation in the correct position. Importantly, we find that the amount of information that the network can retrieve and retain about identity is strongly affected by the amount of information it maintains about position. This balance can be controlled by global signals that change the neuronal gain. These results show that anatomical and physiological properties, which have long been known to characterise cortical networks, naturally endow them with the ability to maintain a conjunctive representation of the identity and location of objects

THE CASE OF LEISHMANIASIS IN IN-PATIENT HOSPITAL, PROBLEM OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

In the article presents a review of literature on Leishmaniasis. The disease is not endemic inMoscowregion, nevertheless doctors of all specializations should be alert to the development of the disease, especially in autumn due to extensive migration of population. The authors described basic forms of leishmaniasis, its clinical symptoms, problems of diagnosis and modern methods of treatment. The work also presents a clinical case, confirmed by serological tests and other methods

THE VALUE OF THE HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 IN THE GENESIS OF SEIZURES IN CHILDREN

The value of human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) in the structure of seizures in 114 children in three groups of patients: with neuroinfections, with epilepsy and febrile convulsions was studied. Determination of HHV-6 by polymerase chain reaction in the acute period of the disease is a reliable sign (p < 0.001), and most often diagnosed in children in the group with febrile seizures (53.8%). Recovery in children with seizures caused by HHV-6, was observed only in 28% of cases,38.8% of patients in the outcome of the disease expand the epilepsy

СЛУЧАЙ ЛЕЙШМАНИОЗА В СТАЦИОНАРЕ, СЛОЖНОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ

In the article presents a review of literature on Leishmaniasis. The disease is not endemic inMoscowregion, nevertheless doctors of all specializations should be alert to the development of the disease, especially in autumn due to extensive migration of population. The authors described basic forms of leishmaniasis, its clinical symptoms, problems of diagnosis and modern methods of treatment. The work also presents a clinical case, confirmed by serological tests and other methods.В статье представлены литературные данные по лейшманиозу — заболеванию, не являющемуся эндемичным в Московском регионе, тем не менее врачам всех специальностей следует иметь определенную настороженность в отношении развития данного заболевания, особенно в осенний период времени в связи с широкой миграцией населения. Описаны основные формы лейшманиоза, его клинические симптомы, отражены сложности диагностики, даны современные методы лечения. Также представлен клинический случай, подтвержденный серологическими исследованиями и другими методами.</p