Research of impact input rate random variations on macroscopic characteristics of non-stationary queuing system

The results of research of input stream rate random variations influence on the macroscopic characteristics of a nonstationary queuing system (NQS) are discussed in this paper. Statistical information obtained during the football match between the football clubs "Krylia Sovetov" and "Dynamo" at the stadium "Metallurg" in Samara is available. The characteristics of the stochastic component of the variation in the input rate were chosen on the basis of this information. The probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of random variations in the input rate of applications were estimated using the Rosenblatt-Parzen approximation. NQ's characteristics was studied such as the maximum queue length, the maximum waiting time in the queue, the time point at which the maximum queue length is reached, and the time point at which waiting time in the queue the longest, the number of visitors who entered at the time of the match beginning, the time needed to service the entire queue. The results of the statistical simulation shown that taking into account the random component of the variation input rate does not affect this macroscopic characteristics. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Development and Testing of Monoclonal Antibodies-Based Diagnostic Preparation for <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Spores Detection Using Latex Agglutination Method

Immobilization of anti-B. anthracis monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on latex microparticles was studied, the optimal load of these MAbs was determined to be 20 µg for 50 µl of the stock latex suspension. The highest sensitivity of latex agglutination test was observed for 1E6 MAbs. Latex suspensions with immobilized MAbs were lyophilized. Their sensitivity and specificity were shown to be highly competitive with those of the stock liquid latex suspension. Latex diagnosticum for Bacillus anthracis spores detection was constructed on the basis of these lyophilized reagents, developed and approved was the regulatory documentation that included their application instructions and technical specifications. Carried out were inter-laboratory and commission tests of experimental prototypes of the designed latex diagnosticum. These preparations demonstrated high sensitivity (from 1·105 to 2·106 spores/ml and even more) and specificity (absence of cross-reactions with spores of different species of sporogenous bacilli at concentration of 108 spores/ml)

Пневматическая штанговая машина для рассеивания твердых минеральных удобрений

In the world practice of introducing solid mineral fertilizers, almost 90 percents of the machines used are equipped fertilizer application is about 10 percents. It has been still confi rmed that their small width of application results in insuffi cient productivity, and in practice they are not used for introducing the main amount of fertilizers in pre-sowing soil preparation. (Research purpose) Designing a pneumatic sucker-rod machine providing for increased uniformity of fertilizer dispersing when introducing the main amount of fertilizers and further dressing vegetative plants. (Materials and methods) The authors obtained relationships allowing to determine rational constructive-and-kinematic parameters of a device for fertilizer metering and distributing through ejectors and dispersing surfaces using the laws and methods of classical mechanics and mathematics. Experimental studies were carried out using a developed and manufactured sample, and testing its operability in fi eld conditions using standard and specifi c techniques. It was determined that the quality of fertilizer dispersing with a pneumatic sucker-rod machine is mainly aff ected by the uniformity of their supply by reel-type units to the air stream and rods with holes, and the pattern of fertilizer distribution to ejectors depending on the distance between them. (Results and discussion) The authors have made patterns of fertilizer transportation and metering with reel-type sowing units and determined the method and pattern of distributing an air-mineral mixture through the rod channels. The authors obtained a mathematical description of the processes of mineral fertilizer application, taking into account the qualitative indicators of their uniform dispersion over the fi eld surface. It was noted that the uneven distribution of fertilizers when the rod length is appropriate corresponds to the design standards. (Conclusions) The authors have revealed that the rate of distribution unevenness of ammonium nitrate amounted to 8 percents. It has been found that even at the machinery designing stage it is possible to evaluate performance indicators in terms of unevenness depending on the metering quality and the distance between sowing ejectors.В мировой практике для внесения твердых минеральных удобрений почти 90 процентов машин используют высевающие аппараты броскового типа. Показали, что наилучшими показателями обладают зернотуковые сеялки, у которых неравномерность внесения удобрений составляет около 10 процентов. Подтвердили, что из-за небольшой ширины захвата производительность этих машин недостаточна. На практике их не используют для внесения основной дозы удобрений при подготовке почвы под посев. (Цель исследования) Создать пневматическую штанговую машину, позволяющую повысить равномерность рассева удобрений при внесении основной дозы и подкормке по вегетирующим растениям. (Материалы и методы) Получили зависимости, позволяющие определить рациональные конструктивно-кинематические параметры устройства дозирования и распределения удобрений через эжекторы и рассеивающие поверхности с использованием законов и методов классической механики и математики. Провели экспериментальные исследования на разработанном и изготовленном образце. Проверили его работоспособность в полевых условиях по стандартным и частным методикам. Определили, что на качество рассева удобрений пневматической штанговой машиной основное влияние оказывают равномерность подачи их катушечными аппаратами в воздушную струю, в штанги с отверстиями и характер распределения удобрений по эжекторам в зависимости от расстояния между ними. (Результаты и обсуждение) Установили закономерности транспортирования и дозирования удобрений катушечными высевающими аппаратами с обоснованием метода и способа распределения воздушно-минеральной смеси по каналам штанги. Получили математическое описание процессов внесения минеральных удобрений с учетом качественных показателей равномерности рассеивания их по поверхности поля. Отметили, что неравномерность распределения удобрений при соответствующей длине штанг соответствует расчетным нормам. (Выводы) Выявили, что в полевых испытаниях машины неравномерность внесения аммиачной селитры составила 8 процентов. Установили, что уже на стадии проектирования машин можно оценить показатели по неравномерности в зависимости от качества дозирования и расстояния между высевающими эжекторами

Measurement of the e+e−→K+K−π+π−e^+e^- \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^- cross section with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 collider

The process $e^+e^- \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ has been studied in the center-of-mass energy range from 1500 to 2000\,MeV using a data sample of 23 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. Using about 24000 selected events, the $e^+e^- \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ cross section has been measured with a systematic uncertainty decreasing from 11.7\% at 1500-1600\,MeV to 6.1\% above 1800\,MeV. A preliminary study of $K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ production dynamics has been performed

Study of the process e+e−→ppˉe^+e^-\to p\bar{p} in the c.m. energy range from threshold to 2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector

Using a data sample of 6.8 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider we select about 2700 events of the $e^+e^- \to p\bar{p}$ process and measure its cross section at 12 energy ponts with about 6\% systematic uncertainty. From the angular distribution of produced nucleons we obtain the ratio $|G_{E}/G_{M}| = 1.49 \pm 0.23 \pm 0.30$

The development of path integration: combining estimations of distance and heading

Efficient daily navigation is underpinned by path integration, the mechanism by which we use self-movement information to update our position in space. This process is well-understood in adulthood, but there has been relatively little study of path integration in childhood, leading to an underrepresentation in accounts of navigational development. Previous research has shown that calculation of distance and heading both tend to be less accurate in children as they are in adults, although there have been no studies of the combined calculation of distance and heading that typifies naturalistic path integration. In the present study 5-year-olds and 7-year-olds took part in a triangle-completion task, where they were required to return to the startpoint of a multi-element path using only idiothetic information. Performance was compared to a sample of adult participants, who were found to be more accurate than children on measures of landing error, heading error, and distance error. 7-year-olds were significantly more accurate than 5-year-olds on measures of landing error and heading error, although the difference between groups was much smaller for distance error. All measures were reliably correlated with age, demonstrating a clear development of path integration abilities within the age range tested. Taken together, these data make a strong case for the inclusion of path integration within developmental models of spatial navigational processing

Genetic variation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A persistent increase of tuberculosis cases has recently been noted in the Ukraine. The reported incidence of drug-resistant isolates of <it>M. tuberculosis </it>is growing steadily; however, data on the genetic variation of isolates of <it>M. tuberculosis </it>circulating in northern Ukraine and on the spectrum and frequency of occurrence of mutations determining resistance to the principal anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid and rifampicin have not yet been reported.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Isolates of <it>M. tuberculosis </it>from 98 tuberculosis patients living in Kharkiv Oblast (Ukraine) were analyzed using VNTR- and RFLP-IS6110-typing methods. Mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid were detected by RFLP-PCR methods, and also confirmed by sequencing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 75 different genetic profiles. Thirty four (34%) isolates belonged to the Beijing genotype and 23 (23%) isolates belonged to the LAM family. A cluster of isolates belonging to the LAM family had significant genetic heterogeneity, indicating that this family had an ancient distribution and circulation in this geographical region. Moreover, we found a significant percentage of the isolates (36%) belonged to as yet unidentified families of <it>M. tuberculosis </it>or had individual non-clustering genotypes. Mutations conferring rifampicin and isoniazid resistance were detected in 49% and 54% isolates, respectively. Mutations in codon 531 of the <it>rpoB </it>gene and codon 315 of the <it>katG </it>gene were predominant among drug-resistant isolates. An association was found for belonging to the LAM strain family and having multiple drug resistance (R = 0.27, p = 0.0059) and also for the presence of a mutation in codon 531 of the <it>rpoB </it>gene and belonging to the Beijing strain family (R = 0.2, p = 0.04).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Transmission of drug-resistant isolates seems to contribute to the spread of resistant TB in this oblast. The Beijing genotype and LAM genotype should be seen as a major cause of drug resistant TB in this region.</p

Obtainment of Monoclonal Antibodies and Prospects of Their Application as Basis for Immunodiagnostic Aids for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Detection

) as framework for the production of tools for CCHF virus detection and identification in artificially contaminated samples and clinical specimens containing CCHF antigens was proven efficient