Отдельные аспекты эффективности цифровизации растениеводства в Республике Беларусь

Digitalization, or digital transformation, is an innovative approach to solving the key task of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus – increasing / maintaining the profitability of crop production. Digitalization makes it possible to bring crop production to a new level of development, providing a fundamental restructuring of the decision-making and implementation of agro-technological operations, reducing risks and expanding possibilities of sustainable and efficient crop production. Efficiency of digitalization of crop production is considered in relation to certain aspects of an average agricultural organization in the Republic of Belarus. The following main interrelated areas of digitalization in crop production have been identified: soil-and-agrochemical analysis, precision arable farming, prediction of the diseases and pests of crops. Due to significant growth of energy prices nowadays (basic elements in the formation of the final cost of crop production), efficiency of digitalization was assessed not directly in terms of value, but in reducing the costs of growing products and in saved crops. The greatest effect, according to the results of the assessment, is expected from such areas of digitalization as soiland-agrochemical analysis, as well as prediction of the diseases and pests of agricultural crops. The results of soil-and-agrochemical analysis can be used to improve the soil fertility – a vital condition for long-term increase of crop yields. Prediction of the diseases and pests of crops is one of the main elements of comprehensive protection of crops – a large reserve for increasing crop production. At the same time, despite the positive aspect of digitalization in agricultural branch of the Republic of Belarus, it is rather a labor-intensive process together with the high cost of necessary equipment and software, as well as the use complexity.Цифровизация, или цифровая трансформация, является инновационным подходом решения ключевой задачи сельскохозяйственного производства Республики Беларусь – повышения/поддержания рентабельности растениеводства. Цифровизация позволяет вывести растениеводство на новый уровень развития, обеспечивая фундаментальную перестройку принятия управленческих решений и выполнения агротехнологических операций, снижая риски и расширяя возможности ведения устойчивого и эффективного растениеводства. Рассмотрена эффективность цифровизации растениеводства применительно к отдельным аспектам среднестатистической сельхозорганизации Республики Беларусь. Выделены следующие основные взаимосвязанные направления цифровизации растениеводства: почвенно-агрохимический анализ, точное земледелие, прогнозирование болезней и вредителей сельхозкультур. В связи со значительным ростом в настоящее время цен на энергоресурсы (базовые элементы формирования конечной стоимости продукции растениеводства) эффективность цифровизации оценивалась не в стоимостном выражении, а в снижении издержек на выращивание продукции растениеводства и в сохраненном урожае. По результатам оценки наибольший эффект ожидается от таких направлений цифровизации, как почвенно-агрохимический анализ, а также прогнозирование болезней и вредителей сельхозкультур. Результаты почвенно-агрохимического анализа могут быть использованы при повышении плодородия почв – необходимом условии увеличения урожайности сельхозкультур в долгосрочной перспективе. Прогнозирование болезней и вредителей сельхозкультур является одним из основных элементов их комплексной защиты – большим резервом увеличения продукции растениеводства. Вместе с тем, несмотря на перспективность цифровизации сельскохозяйственной отрасли Республики Беларусь, она является достаточно трудоемким процессом в совокупности с высокой стоимостью необходимого оборудования и программного обеспечения, а также сложностью их использования

High-Resolution Functional Mapping of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Genome by Insertional Mutagenesis and Massively Parallel Sequencing

We have developed a high-resolution genomic mapping technique that combines transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis with either capillary electrophoresis or massively parallel sequencing to identify functionally important regions of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) genome. We initially used a capillary electrophoresis method to gain insight into the role of the VEEV nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) in viral replication. We identified several regions in nsP3 that are intolerant to small (15 bp) insertions, and thus are presumably functionally important. We also identified nine separate regions in nsP3 that will tolerate small insertions at low temperatures (30°C), but not at higher temperatures (37°C, and 40°C). Because we found this method to be extremely effective at identifying temperature sensitive (ts) mutations, but limited by capillary electrophoresis capacity, we replaced the capillary electrophoresis with massively parallel sequencing and used the improved method to generate a functional map of the entire VEEV genome. We identified several hundred potential ts mutations throughout the genome and we validated several of the mutations in nsP2, nsP3, E3, E2, E1 and capsid using single-cycle growth curve experiments with virus generated through reverse genetics. We further demonstrated that two of the nsP3 ts mutants were attenuated for virulence in mice but could elicit protective immunity against challenge with wild-type VEEV. The recombinant ts mutants will be valuable tools for further studies of VEEV replication and virulence. Moreover, the method that we developed is applicable for generating such tools for any virus with a robust reverse genetics system

Polymorphisms at two enzyme loci (Sod and Odh) in populations of the Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii (Pisces, Eleotrididae), from its native range and the colonized area: the effect of introduction on genetic variation

In the first half of the 20th century small founder groups of the Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, have been transferred from their native range in the Far East to some regions of the European part of Russia. In order to investigate the consequences of the introductions, 15 Far East populations and 11 European populations, that originated from two transfers, were studied for their variability on two enzyme loci (Sod and Odh) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For both loci, divergence between populations and heterozygosity in the populations were higher in the colonized regions than in the native range. Heterozygote advantage in small founder populations seems to be a factor resisting genetic drift and determining the changes observed in the genetic structure of the introduced populations

Correcting osteotomy for intra-articular malunion of the distal radius

The purpose - to analyze the results of the surgical treatment of patients with intra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius (DR). Material and methods. The operative treatment was performed in 12 patients (5 men and 7 women) with 12 malunited fractures of the DR. The average term from the injury to surgery was 19,67±7,13 weeks (from 5 to 92 weeks). We performed an intra-articular correcting osteotomy in 9 patients, combined intra-articular and extra-articular correcting osteotomy was used in three ones. The results of the treatment were assessed according to the DASH questionnaire, Cooney - Krimmer (1996) score, Martini (1999) score and the scheme offered by the authors. Results. In a year after the operation the rates of DASH questionnaire were 14,21±2,43 points averagely; 11 patients showed positive outcomes - 91,7% (Cooney - Krimmer score), 9 patients - 75% (Martini score) and 10 patients - 83,3% (scheme offered by the authors). Complications were observed in 3 patients. The fixators were removed from 3 patients. Conclusion. Corrective osteotomy in patients with symptomatic malunited intra-articular fractures of the distal radius is a safe and effective procedure that improves the structure and function of the wrist

Sistema penitenziario e società: esperienza di interazione. Una raccolta di materiali del V convegno scientifico e pratico internazionale

L'ansia da lingua straniera è la sensazione di disagio, preoccupazione, nervosismo e apprensione sperimentata nell'apprendimento o nell'uso di una seconda lingua o di una lingua straniera. La consapevolezza delle reazioni emotive degli studenti li aiuta a raggiungere i loro obiettivi nel processo di apprendimento. Anche ricercatori, metodologi e insegnanti dovrebbero avere questa consapevolezza per aiutare meglio gli studenti. L'ansia della lingua è comune nell'apprendimento di una lingua straniera. La maggior parte degli studenti afferma di avere un blocco mentale nell'apprendimento di una lingua straniera, anche se ha una forte motivazione e sebbene faccia un ottimo lavoro in altre situazioni di apprendimento. Nella maggior parte dei casi, la causa di questo fenomeno è l'ansia da lingua straniera, che impedisce il successo nell’apprendimento. L'ansia è una sensazione soggettiva di tensione, suscettibilità e nervosismo associata all'eccitazione del sistema nervoso autonomo. Gli individui che hanno ansia tendono ad evitare situazioni che l’hanno causata in passato. Proprio come l'ansia impedisce ad alcuni di svilupparsi con successo nella scienza o nella matematica, allo stesso modo rende stressante l'apprendimento di una lingua straniera, specialmente all'interno di istituzioni educative generali (scuole, università, etc.). Quando l'ansia è limitata alla situazione dell'apprendimento linguistico, si riferisce alla categoria di una specifica reazione ansiosa. Gli psicologi usano il termine "specifica reazione ansiosa" per differenziare gli individui che hanno ansia in una varietà di situazioni da quelli che la sperimentano solo in situazioni specifiche. I ricercatori hanno identificato diversi tipi di reazioni ansiose specifiche, ad esempio, legati all'esecuzione di compiti di studio, come test, o allo studio di alcune materie accademiche, come la matematica o argomenti del ciclo di scienze naturali

Random deflection of the white light beam during self-focusing and filamentation of a femtosecond laser pulse in water

Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser pulse filamentation in competition with optical breakdown in condensed matter is studied both experimentally and numerically using water as an example. Strong random deflection and modulation of the supercontinuum under tight focusing conditions were observed. They manifest the beginning of the filamentation process near the highly disordered plasma created by optical breakdown at the geometrical focus