Structural behaviour of metakaolin infused concrete structure

This work researched into the use of metakaolin as a partial substitute for cement in concrete, metakaolin was obtained by the calcination of kaolin clay to about 700 0C Cement was replaced with the metakaolin at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% at water cement ratio of 0.5. Tests such as chemical analysis, compressive strength, flexural or modulus of rupture and bond strength were carried out on the concrete samples. Chemical analysis results showed that the metakaolin is a class “N” pozzolan, while the mechanical test showed that the strength of concrete increased from 5% to 20% replacement, and the strength peaked at 20%, but decreased above this value; concrete made with metakaolin performed better than the control sample at all the percentage replacements used in this work.Keywords: Metakaolin, Calcination, Pozzolan, Chemical test, Mechanical tes

Association between unmet dental needs and school absenteeism because of illness or injury among U.S. school children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, 2011-2012

BACKGROUND : We assessed the prevalence of dental disease among U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, as well as the impact of unmet dental needs on school absenteeism because of illness/injury within the past 12 months. METHODS : Data were from the 2011/2012 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 65,680). Unmet dental need was defined as lack of access to appropriate and timely preventive or therapeutic dental healthcare when needed within the past 12 months. The impact of unmet dental needs on school absenteeism was measured using a multivariate generalized linear model with Poisson probability distribution (p b 0.05). RESULTS : Within the past 12 months, 21.8% (10.8 million) of all U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–17 years had “a toothache, decayed teeth, or unfilled cavities.” Of all U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, 15.8% (7.8 million) reported any unmet dental need (i.e., preventive and/or therapeutic dental need)within the past 12 months. The mean number of days of school absence because of illness/injury was higher among students with an unmet therapeutic dental need in the presence of a dental condition compared to those reporting no unmet dental need (β=0.25; p b 0.001). CONCLUSIONS : Enhanced and sustained efforts are needed to increase access to dental services among underserved U.S. children and adolescents.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ypmed2016-03-31hb201

Knowledge And Belief Of Nursing Mothers On Nutritional Management Of Acute Diarrhoea In Infants, Ibadan, Nigeria

Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in Nigeria, and this contributes substantially to childhood mortality. Culturally related food restriction and reduction in feeding frequency during common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoeal diseases further contributes to the burden of malnutrition and thus to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing mothers with respect to food restriction during acute diarrhoea in Ibadan, South West Nigeria. This single round cross-sectional study adopted a purposive sampling procedure to select 250 nursing mothers aged between 17 and 45 years from the sick-baby and immunization clinics of two health facilities in Ibadan, between November 2003 and February 2004. Information on nutritional management of acute diarrhoea was collected with a structured intervieweradministered questionnaire and two focus group discussions exploring food withdrawal practices during acute diarrhoea. Data analysis was done using SPSS 11.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated to test for associations. About half (46.8%) of the respondents had secondary education. Only 6.0% had knowledge of nutritional management of diarrhoea while 54.8% had knowledge of oral rehydration therapy. Seventy-one percent of respondents reported food withdrawal during acute diarrhoea in infants, 44% also reported reduction in breastfeeding frequency during acute diarrhoea and more than two-thirds of these (71.2%) cited cultural reasons for withholding breastfeeding. Mothers’ educational level had no significant effect on their knowledge of nutritional management of acute diarrhoea in infants (p = 0.610). Mothers’ knowledge of nutritional management of acute diarrhoea had a significant effect on their attitude (p = 0.03) but not on their practice (p = 0.257). Relatives and health care providers were the sources of advice on food restriction/withdrawal during acute diarrhoea. Appropriate nutritional management during acute illness is important, and this has been found to be deficient among caregivers in the family setting. Targeting appropriate health and nutrition education to caregivers particularly mother would reduce morbidity and mortality commonly associated with childhood diarrhoea

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridino(1,4-Η-cyclohexa-1,3-diene)Derivatives of Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes

In this synthesis, we have been able to show that, the addition of x- substituted pyridines, (X = H, 2- Me, 3- Me 4- Me, 4-NH2 and 4-N(CH3)2 to the dienyl ring of the organometallic cation, [(Fe(CO)3 (1-5- η-2-Me0C3H6)]BF4 and [(Fe(CO)3(1-5-η-C6H7)]BF4 gives ionic substituted diene products, (X C5H4-C6H6Y (Fe(CO)3] BF4,Y=H or 2-MeO. The reaction takes place at ordinary room temperature. The resulting products were isolated and characterized

RUNX3 polymorphism present in human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by high incidence, mortality, post-management recurrence and metastatic rates as well as poor prognosis. This study was designed to identify molecular diagnostic and predictive signatures of OSCC in Nigerian cases. It was a retrospective-prospective case-control study spanning a 12 year period using 74 OSCC tissue blocks as well as benign epithelial lesions which served as control from which DNA was extracted and profiled for rs7528484 and rs760805 in RUNX3 gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR. Demography of the tissue blocks was recorded. Computed data were presented as frequencies/percentages. Association between RUNX3 polymorphism and patient's gender, age, tumor location, histology was assessed by Pearson's χ2 test at α0.05, Monte-Carlo exact test and Odds Ratios (OR) at Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. Only rs7528484 was successfully genotyped with a distribution of 52.7% homozygote normal (CC), 28.4% heterozygote mutant (CT) and 18.9% homozygote mutant (TT). Gender and histology was generally significantly associated with genotypes/alleles. Genotypes CT and TT as well as the mutant allele T, showed odds of predicting OSCC. It appears that rs7528484 in RUNX3 might be common in patients suffering from OSCC. Individuals carrying the mutant allele could also be more susceptible to OSCC development

Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria fermentation of maize-cowpea ogi

The effect of starter cultures Lactobacillus plantarum (A6), Lactobacillus fermentum (OgiE-1) and natural inoculum (NI) on some physicochemical properties of cofermented maize-cowpea (CMCO) was investigated. Crude protein, lipid, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate energy and utilizable energy because of protein contents of CMCO fermented with A6 (A6MC), OgiE-1 (OGMC) and NI (NIMC) are 12.46-13.74%, 3.58-4.96%, 1.06-1.85%, 3.06-4.62% and 66.81-68.30%, 355.26-363.2 kcal/100 g and 7.43-9.14%, respectively. Mineral contents were significantly higher in A6MC and OGMC. [K/Na], [Ca/P] and [Ca/Mg] ratios range between 9.51 and 22.22, 0.02 and 0.12 and 0.16 and 1.02, respectively. Oligosaccharides reduced significantly in A6MC and OGMC. The pH values of A6MC, OGMC and NIMC range between 6.4 and 4.5, 6.4 and 5.5 and 6.4 and 5.2, respectively. Titratable acidity and total phenol increased, while phytates decrease. Viscosity increased with flour concentration up to 9% in OGMC, and A6MC increased in NIMC. A6MC gave the best overall results

Magnetic supported activated carbon obtained from walnut shells for bisphenol-a uptake from aqueous solution

Abstract This work investigated the usability of activated carbon walnut shell (ACWS) and magnetic activated carbon walnut shell (MACWS) for Bisphenol-A (BPA) elimination from aqueous solution. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the chemistry of the adsorbents. Batch sorption studies at different temperatures, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and varied Bisphenol-A concentrations were performed, while pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models were deployed to investigate the kinetic data. Equilibrium parameters were computed using the Dubinin–Radushkevich, Freundlich, Temkin and Langmuir isotherms, while Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the adsorption factors. FT-IR report showed the existence of O–H, C=O, C–O and C=C stretches in both adsorbents and Fe–O in MACWS, while XRD revealed an amorphous morphology. BPA removal by ACWS and MACWS with correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.9 showed that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was the most appropriate for explaining the kinetic data. Judging from the values of the maximum adsorption capacity (115.85 and 166.67 mg/g for ACWS and MACWS, respectively), it can be inferred that the Langmuir isotherm best describes the equilibrium results. Thermodynamic investigation showed the process of Bisphenol-A uptake to be spontaneous and endothermic with entropy change (∆So) values of 0.033 and 0.039 kJ/mol for ACWS and MACWS, respectively. The data obtained from the kinetics, isotherm and equilibrium studies revealed that ACWS and MACWS adsorbents were effective for the treatment of Bisphenol-A

USE OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE GRAINS AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Waste product from polyethylene materials are non-biodegradable and they form the bulk of the materials been used today. This paper looked into how this waste product was recycled in to polypropylene grains of sizes <4.5 mm and used to partially replace fine aggregate in concrete. Sieve analysis was carried out on the recycled polypropylene waste. Reinforced concrete beams (600 mm x 150 mm x 200 mm) and concrete cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) were made from the mixture of the recycled material at different percentages of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%. The beams were subjected to bending moment test, while the cubes were subjected to compressive strength test. Results revealed that 43.71% of polypropylene grains passed through the 4.75 mm sieve. The compressive strength of the 4% mixture was 16.28 N/mm2 while the control was 19.07 N/mm2. The bending moment test showed that the control mix has the highest value of 14.70 kNm, while the 12% and 16% has the lowest value of 8.40 kNm each. Deflections in the polypropylene mixes were generally higher than the control. The work concluded that recycled polypropylene grains can be used as partially replacement of fine aggregate in concrete at below 4% replacement