Effect of 1-Methylciclopropene on ripening of melting flesh peaches and nectarines

Despite the availability of numerous evidence-based smoking prevention and cessation programs, many countries are still not implementing these research-proven programs. The primary aim of this paper is to summarize the extent to which evidence-based smoking control programs have been implemented in Croatia over the last two decades. Data from the systematic reviews of the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group, which are readily available worldwide, were used as criteria to evaluate whether effective, evidence-based programs have been implemented in Croatia. According to our findings, the most effective behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation interventions have thus far been underutilized in Croatia. In addition, some interventions that have been continuously implemented in Croatia—such as using self-help materials, school-based programs and the celebration of World No Tobacco Day—have only small, short-term beneficial effects according to the Cochrane reviews. However, Croatia is a party to the World health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and therefore has effective national legislation on tobacco control. Croatia should develop and implement programs that integrate the existing high-quality empirical evidence on the effectiveness of various behavioral, pharmacological, and social interventions for smoking prevention and cessation. This programming should become a part of a continuous national strategy, and should be implemented throughout all of Croatia

Three typological approaches to Catalonian Archival evidence, 10-12 centuries

[fr] Cet article tripartite s'inspire de la survivance d'un grand nombre de documents catalans des Xe-XIIe siècles. Il rassemble les conclusions partielles de trois recherches de doctorat menées à partir d'un grande nombre d'actes d'un seul type: documents de publication et authentification testamentaires (Nathaniel L. Taylor), convenientiae et executions d'accords (Adam J. Kosto), et contrats d'accensement appelés precariae (Pere Benito). Dans chaque cas, l'analyse d'un grand nombre de documents a permis de bâtir une typologie complexe, non seulement dans le traditionnel sens diplomatique du terme, mais aussi en considérant la fonction des actes et les causes sociales et les implications des changements dans leur forme et leur fonction. Les documents de publication testamentaires mettent en relief un système judiciaire qui existait depuis longtemps; les changements dans la forme des documents et l'identité des autorités reflètent la transformation de ce système périmé pendant les Xle et Xlle siècles. L'étude d'un conflit entre deux comtes révélé par des convenientiae du milieu du Xle siècle montre les réponses des écrivains aux changements de la conduite politique. L'analyse des contrats d'accensement, enfin, montre la diversité d'emplois dont cette figure juridique fait l'objet tout au long de trois siècles. Ces trois études ensemble démontrent la nature du travail que peut être fait à partir d'un grande nombre d'actes d'un seul type

Modified Atmosphere/Modified Humidity Packaging for Preserving Pomegranate Fruit during Prolonged Storage and Transport

1st International Symposium on Pomegranate and Minor Mediterranean Fruits -- 39892 -- Adana, TURKEYWOS: 000305456400044The limiting factors for prolonged storage of pomegranates are weight loss and shrinkage, decay, appearance of skin blemishes (especially scalds), and impaired quality and taste. Modified atmosphere packaging is a simple and low-cost method that has been proven to alleviate these problems and maintain fruit quality for 3-4 months after harvest. For periods of less than 4 weeks storage, fruit can be held naked in cold storage without any need for modified atmosphere. For moderate storage periods of up to 10 weeks after harvest, it is recommended to pack fruit either in Xtend (R) Easy-Tear or in regular Xtend (R) modified atmosphere/modified humidity (MA/MH) bags in 4-5 kg export cartons. The Xtend (R) Easy-Tear bags contain a notch, which allows the final user to easily tear and remove the top part of the bag for retail display in cartons. The main advantage of packing fruit in Xtend (R) bags within cartons is that the bag maintains fruit quality not only during the storage period, but also during subsequent shipment and marketing. For storage periods of up to 3-4 months after harvest, it is recommended to pack fruit in Xtend (R) 20 kg bulk bags in plastic crates or in Xtend (R) 80kg bulk bags. This strategy is optimal for storage of large volumes of fruit for long periods but necessitates resorting and removing damaged fruit after storage before repacking. It is recommended that fruit stored in bulk Xtend (R) bags in crates or bins be repacked in Xtend (R) 4-5 kg bags prior to shipment and marketing. In this way MA storage conditions are maintained throughout the entire storage and supply chain

Modified atmosphere / modified humidity packaging for preserving pomegranate fruit during prolonged storage and transport

The limiting factors for prolonged storage of pomegranates are weight loss and shrinkage, decay, appearance of skin blemishes (especially scalds), and impaired quality and taste. Modified atmosphere packaging is a simple and low-cost method that has been proven to alleviate these problems and maintain fruit quality for 3-4 months after harvest. For periods of less than 4 weeks storage, fruit can be held naked in cold storage without any need for modified atmosphere. For moderate storage periods of up to 10 weeks after harvest, it is recommended to pack fruit either in Xtend® Easy-Tear or in regular Xtend® modified atmosphere/modified humidity (MA/MH) bags in 4-5 kg export cartons. The Xtend® Easy-Tear bags contain a notch, which allows the final user to easily tear and remove the top part of the bag for retail display in cartons. The main advantage of packing fruit in Xtend® bags within cartons is that the bag maintains fruit quality not only during the storage period, but also during subsequent shipment and marketing. For storage periods of up to 3-4 months after harvest, it is recommended to pack fruit in Xtend® 20 kg bulk bags in plastic crates or in Xtend® 80kg bulk bags. This strategy is optimal for storage of large volumes of fruit for long periods but necessitates resorting and removing damaged fruit after storage before repacking. It is recommended that fruit stored in bulk Xtend® bags in crates or bins be repacked in Xtend® 4-5 kg bags prior to shipment and marketing. In this way MA storage conditions are maintained throughout the entire storage and supply chain

Electrochemical activity of the polycrystalline cerium oxide films for hydrogen peroxide detection

Polycrystalline cerium oxide thin films (15 nm) deposited on a glassy carbon substrate were used as an electrode in a mediator-free, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide. The electrode surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, resonant photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrode sensitivity, detection limit and pH range of sensor stability were determined by applying electrochemical techniques: cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. It was found that the sensor reactivity to H2O2 is directly related to the presence of electroactive cerium centres of 3+ character on the electrode surface. The Michaelis–Menten mechanism of catalase-like activity of ceria film is suggested as an explanation of the data and discussed. The results confirmed the sensing abilities of technologically well-accessible nanostructured cerium oxide films for hydrogen peroxide detection without using a mediator, i.e. the enzymatic properties of CeO2/GC electrode

Effect of Dynamic Loading on the Transport of Solutes into Agarose Hydrogels

In functional tissue engineering, the application of dynamic loading has been shown to improve the mechanical properties of chondrocyte-seeded agarose hydrogels relative to unloaded free swelling controls. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of dynamic loading on the transport of nutrients in tissue-engineered constructs. To eliminate confounding effects, such as nutrient consumption in cell-laden disks, this study examines the response of solute transport due to loading using a model system of acellular agarose disks and dextran in phosphate-buffered saline (3 and 70 kDa). An examination of the passive diffusion response of dextran in agarose confirms the applicability of Fick's law of diffusion in describing the behavior of dextran. Under static loading, the application of compressive strain decreased the total interstitial volume available for the 70 kDa dextran, compared to free swelling. Dynamic loading significantly enhanced the rate of solute uptake into agarose disks, relative to static loading. Moreover, the steady-state concentration under dynamic loading was found to be significantly greater than under static loading, for larger-molecular-mass dextran (70 kDa). This experimental finding confirms recent theoretical predictions that mechanical pumping of a porous tissue may actively transport solutes into the disk against their concentration gradient. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the application of dynamic loading in the presence of growth factors of large molecular weight may result in both a mechanically and chemically stimulating environment for tissue growth