Исследование фазового состава Cu-содержащего катализатора в процессах очистки метанол-содержащей водной фракции и конверсии СО

The paper describes a study on the formation of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 at synthesis and calcination. The effect of crystallinity of copper and zinc oxides depending on the thermolysis temperature is shown. Data on activity and stability in the reactions of CO conversion and water-methanol fraction purification from of CH3OH are given. It is assumed that the precursor of the active state (in addition to the bulk phase fine CuO) is caused by the presence of isolated Cu2+ cations and clusters of copper (CuO)x in various oxide compounds. The obtained results are used in the development of catalysts for the purification of water-methanol mixture from CH3OH and steam conversion of CO.В работе представлены результаты исследования образцов с определенным соотношением CuO/ZnO, полученных аммиачно-карбонатным способом и механическим смешением гидроксо-карбонатов меди, цинка и оксида алюминия. Приведены данные по каталитической активности в реакциях конверсии СО и очистки метанолсодержащей водной фракции от СН3ОН. Предполагается, что предшественниками активного состояния являются (помимо высокодисперсной объемной фазы CuO ) изолированные катионы Cu2+ в структуре ZnO

Culinary communication practices:The role of retail spaces in producing field-specific cultural capital

Purpose: This chapter explores the practices underpinning the production of field-specific cultural capital at festivals, understood here as retail spaces that gather a plethora of distinct market actors. Methodology/Approach: This research presents evidence from an ethnographic study employing an interpretative paradigm and multiple data collection processes. The empirical research has been undertaken in the context of food festivals associated with the foodie taste regime. Findings: Three categories of practices that play a role in the production of field-specific cultural capital, namely representational, exchange, and experiential practices, are presented. Practical Implications: Our chapter provides recommendations for food festival organizers and participants who need to improve their practices when facing challenges such as increasing international competition and costs or declining sponsorship. Research Limitations/Implications: This chapter contributes to the growing body of field-level market analysis by showing how practices enabled by complex retail spaces contribute to the production of field-specific cultural capital. However, this chapter is limited by its focus on food festivals. Originality/Value of the Paper: This chapter theorizes how practices enable the acceleration and diversification of field-specific capital exchange, as well as its integration with other forms of capital

Development of a wind gust model to estimate gust speeds and their return periods

Spatially dense observations of gust speeds are necessary for various applications, but their availability is limited in space and time. This work presents an approach to help to overcome this problem. The main objective is the generation of synthetic wind gust velocities. With this aim, theoretical wind and gust distributions are estimated from 10 yr of hourly observations collected at 123 synoptic weather stations provided by the German Weather Service. As pre-processing, an exposure correction is applied on measurements of the mean wind velocity to reduce the influence of local urban and topographic effects. The wind gust model is built as a transfer function between distribution parameters of wind and gust velocities. The aim of this procedure is to estimate the parameters of gusts at stations where only wind speed data is available. These parameters can be used to generate synthetic gusts, which can improve the accuracy of return periods at test sites with a lack of observations. The second objective is to determine return periods much longer than the nominal length of the original time series by considering extreme value statistics. Estimates for both local maximum return periods and average return periods for single historical events are provided. The comparison of maximum and average return periods shows that even storms with short average return periods may lead to local wind gusts with return periods of several decades. Despite uncertainties caused by the short length of the observational records, the method leads to consistent results, enabling a wide range of possible applications

THERMOOXIDATION OF POLYDIENES ELASTOMERS

Chemical reactions in polymers are considering as thermo-fluctuation process. Studying of influence of defects of structure macromolecul on molecular weight and molekuljarno-mass distribution polydienes at thermooxidation elastomers

Elimination of matrix non-spectral interferences in elemental analysis of biological fluids using inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer

На примере определения Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd и Pb в цельной крови и моче с использованием квадрупольного масс-спектрометра с индуктивно связанной плазмой Agilent 7500c произведено сравнение двух наиболее часто применяемых способов пробоподготовки биологических жидкостей: прямого разбавления и кислотного разложения. Обнаружено значительное занижение результатов анализа в минерализованных пробах (по сравнению с результатами анализа в разбавленных образцах) для элементов с относительно высоким первым потенциалом ионизации. Показано, что основной причиной такого расхождения является различие проб и градуировочных растворов по матричному составу: высокая кислотность проб после разложения. Дополнительно оценены вклады солевого и органического состава матрицы в занижение получаемых результатов как в разложенных, так и разбавленных пробах. Установлено, что для устранения подобных помех при использовании масс-спектрометра данной комплектации без подбора матрицы градуировочных растворов ключевым является выбор элемента внутреннего стандарта, который осуществляется, исходя из близости его первого потенциала ионизации к соответствующему потенциалу ионизации определяемого элемента. Найден режим работы прибора, который позволяет использовать один любой внутренний стандарт независимо от его природы - атомной массы и/или потенциала ионизации. На основании проведенных исследований предложена схема анализа указанных образцов с использованием квадрупольного масс-спектрометра с индуктивно связанной плазмой, обеспечивающая одновременное определение различных элементов без оптимизации рабочих параметров для каждого аналита. Удовлетворительное совпадение между найденными и аттестованными значениями концентраций всех элементов, определяемых в разбавленных и разложенных образцах сравнения цельной крови и мочи, подтверждает применимость подхода.The comparison of two most frequently used sample preparation techniques of biological fluids before mass-spectrometric determination of Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd and Pb - simple (direct) dilution and acid mineralization - was carried out using quadrupole mass-spectrometer. The significant underestimation of the results in comparison with diluted samples for the elements with relatively high ionization potentials was found while analyzing digested biofluids. The key role of acid effect was proven to be the reason of such discrepancy. Moreover, the contributions of saline and organic matrix non-spectral interferences in both diluted and mineralized samples - to the underestimation of the obtained results were evaluated. It was shown that the selection of the appropriate internal standard based on matching of the standard’s and analyte’s ionization potentials not the masses can eliminate the described interferences without matrix-matched calibration. Furthermore, the working mass-spectrometer conditions that allow to use any single internal standard (irrespective of it’s mass and/or ionization potential) were found. Based on the experimental data the approach of element determination in biological fluids with the use of quadrupole ICP-MS was suggested. It provides the possibility of simultaneous determination of various elements without changing the work mass-spectrometer conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the found and certified concentration values for all the elements analyzed in the diluted and mineralized samples of whole blood and urine reference materials proved the applicability of the approach

Impact of information technologies and various types of virtual communication on modern English

© 2020 ACM. The rapid development of information and computer technologies has led to the emergence of a new electronic environment, and, consequently, a new type of communication-virtual, or electronic communication. Thus, for many people, virtual communication becomes part of the way of life. The main aim of the research work is to study the impact of information technologies and various types of virtual communication on modern English. The authors reveal the concept of "virtual communication" and identify its positive and negative sides. The authors give different approaches to the term of virtual communication and determine the classification of virtual communication in the modern English language. The most important language aspects of virtual communication in modern English ware presented by the authors. The results and conclusions of the presented paper can be used by teachers and lecturers at the English classes, seminars and lecture courses connected with linguistics