Фагорезистентность условно-патогенных бактерий кишечной микробиоты у детей с нарушениями микробиоценоза

Objective: to study the circulation and prevalence of phage-resistant strains among opportunistic enterobacteria, isolated from children with disorders of intestinal microflora, in relation to domestic preparations of bacteriophages.Materials and methods. A bacteriological study of the fecal microflora of the colon in 970 young children for dysbiosis was carried out. The sensitivity of 720 antibiotic-resistant strains of opportunistic enterobacteriaceae (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci) isolated from children to domestic mono- and polyvalent drugs was studied (coliprotein, staphylococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, purified Klebsiella pneumonia bacteriophage, “Sextafag”, Intesta bacteriophage). Determination of sensitivity to bacteriophages was carried out by the “sterile spot” method. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software package.Results. A large percentage of phage-resistant strains with low sensitivity to bacteriophages was revealed among opportunistic bacteria, amounting to 54,2%, with the highest circulation among coagulase-negative staphylococci, Proteus, Klebsiella (more than 50%). A significant spread of intestinal dysbiosis was established in young children (87,5%), characterized by a low content of bifidobacteria and a high level of allocation of opportunistic enterobacteria, including in associations.Conclusion. As a result of the studies, a significant prevalence of phage-resistant strains in children with dysbiosis was revealed, which indicates the need for preliminary determination of their sensitivity to bacteriophages in order to resolve the issue of their possible inclusion in the intestinal microflora correction system.Цель: изучение циркуляции и распространенности фагорезистентных штаммов среди условно-патогенных энтеробактерий, выделенных от детей с нарушениями микрофлоры кишечника, по отношению к отечественным препаратам бактериофагов.Материалы и методы. Проведено бактериологическое исследование фекальной микрофлоры толстой кишки у 970 детей раннего возраста на дисбактериоз. Изучена чувствительность 720 антибиотикорезистентных штаммов условно-патогенных энтеробактерий (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis и P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков), выделенных от детей, к отечественным монои поливалентным препаратам бактериофагов (колипротейный, стафилококковый, синегнойный, бактериофаг клебсиелл пневмония очищенный, «Секстафаг», интести-бактериофаг). Определение чувствительности к бактериофагам проводили методом «стерильного пятна». Чувствительность к антибиотикам определяли диско-диффузионным методом. Статистическая обработка результатов осуществлялась при помощи пакета программ Microsoft Office Excel 2007.Результаты. Выявлен большой процент фагорезистентных и с низкой чувствительностью к бактериофагам штаммов среди условно-патогенных бактерий (54,2%) с наибольшей циркуляцией среди коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков, протеев, клебсиелл (более 50%). Установлено значительное распространение кишечных дисбиозов у детей раннего возраста (87,5%), характеризующихся низким содержанием бифидобактерий и высоким уровнем выделения условно-патогенных энтеробактерий, в том числе в ассоциациях.Заключение. В результате проведенных исследований выявлена значительная распространенность фагорезистентных штаммов у детей с дисбиозами, что свидетельствует о необходимости предварительного определения их чувствительности к бактериофагам для решения вопроса о возможном включении последних в систему коррекции микрофлоры кишечника

Кey trends in the financial services digital transformation in Russia and their influence on consumer experience: forecast of expertsm

Purpose: forecasting the key avenues for financial services digital transformation in Russia and its influence on customer experience based on expert surveys.Methods: a set of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as marketing research methods – desk and field research. The field research included qualitative method: in-depth interviews with financial market experts. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis and summarized. Results: the authors provided analysis of secondary data on the main global and local digitalization trends in the financial services market and conducted analytical aggregation of expert opinions on the most likely future changes in the financial services market in the process of digitalization. Analysis of the obtained data enabled to describe three avenues for financial services digital transformation – means of payments digital transformation, payments infrastructure digital transformation and customer interaction models digital transformation. The authors also presented and described the positive and negative influence of the results of digital transformation on the consumer experience.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of this study emphasize the role of financial services digital transformation in the process of new consumer experience creation. The means of payments digital transformation will ensure the total dominance of digital money within the money circulation system positively affecting consumer experience in terms of growing convenience, speed and cost-cutting. Payment infrastructure digital transformation will positively influence on consumer experience by simplifying the customer identification systems and reducing errors. Customer interaction models digital transformation will enhance the level of seamlessness leading to the full integration of financial services in the day-to-day customer activities. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies enabling to achieve the highest level of competitiveness for the financial service providers in the market

Sanitary and parasitological monitoring of environmental objects in the Rostov region

Objective: to study the sanitary condition of various environmental objects of the Rostov region and the degree of their contamination.Materials and methods: in the period from 2015 to 2019, more than 5600 sanitary and parasitological studies of environmental objects of the Rostov region were performed on the basis of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology: waste water and its precipitation, soil, water of open surface reservoirs. The work was carried out in accordance with the accepted normative documents.Results: it was found that 33.4 % of all tested samples were positive, and 1.4% of the samples contained viable eggs of various pathogens of helminthiasis and did not meet the requirements of regulatory documents.Conclusions: the results of the study indicate that the environmental objects of the Rostov region are polluted with parasitic pathogens and their unsatisfactory sanitary and parasitological condition

Antibacterial ferroelectric hybrid membranes fabricated via electrospinning for wound healing

n the present study, wound healing ferroelectric membranes doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles were fabricated from vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone using the electrospinning technique. Five different ratios of vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene to polyvinylpyrrolidone were used to control the properties of the membranes at a constant zinc oxide nanoparticle content. It was found that an increase of polyvinylpyrrolidone content leads to a decrease of the spinning solution conductivity and viscosity, causing a decrease of the average fiber diameter and reducing their strength and elongation. By means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, it was revealed that increased polyvinylpyrrolidone content leads to difficulty in crystallization of the vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer in the ferroelectric β-phase in membranes. Changing the ratio of vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone with a constant content of zinc oxide nanoparticles is an effective approach to control the antibacterial properties of membranes towards Staphylococcus aureus. After carrying out in vivo experiments, we found that ferroelectric hybrid membranes, containing from five to ten mass percent of PVP, have the greatest wound-healing effect for the healing of purulent wound

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСМИССИИ ВИЧ НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ

One of the serious negative consequences of the HIV infection epidemic is the involvement of women of reproductive age and children into the epidemic process. The problem of vertical HIV infection transmission does not lose its relevance and causes the need for continuous monitoring of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV infection from mother to child in the South of Russia.Materials and methods. The common methods of variation statistics were used in the work to analyze the data from the reporting forms of monitoring by Rospotrebnadzor «Imformation on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients» and federal reporting forms N 61 «Information on contingents of patients with a disease caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)» for 2016 and 2017, presented by the territorial Centers for Prevention and Control of AIDS of 15 RF subjects of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District.Results. In 2017, compared to 2016, the decrease in the number of births in HIV-positive women was traced on the territory of the South of Russia. In 2017, target levels of mother-child coverage with chemoprevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy (over 92%) and during childbirth (more than 93,5%) were achieved in the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District. A high proportion of women with a detectable level of HIV replication before birth was revealed.Conclusion. The implementation of the recommended by standards preventive measures and the provision of antiretroviral drugs allowed to significantly increase the coverage of HIV infected pregnant women and their newborns with antiretroviral prophylactic treatment by 2018 which prevented HIV infection transmission from mothers to 8840 children. The problems that prevent the implementation of the full range of measures for the prevention of the vertical transmission of HIV in the South of Russia are identified and approaches for their solution are suggested. Одним из серьезных негативных последствий эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции является вовлечение в эпидемический процесс женщин репродуктивного возраста и детей. Проблема вертикальной передачи ВИЧ-инфекции не теряет своей актуальности и обусловливает необходимость проведения непрерывного мониторинга мероприятий по профилактике передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребенку.Цель: оценка эффективности комплекса мероприятий по профилактике передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребенку на Юге России.Материалы и методы. В работе использовались общепринятые методы вариационной статистики для анализа данных отчетных форм мониторинга Роспотребнадзора «Сведения о мероприятиях по профилактике ВИЧинфекции, гепатитов В и С, выявлению и лечению больных ВИЧ» и федеральных отчетных форм № 61 «Сведения о контингентах больных болезнью, вызванной вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ)» за 2016 г. и 2017 г., представленных территориальными центрами по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом 15 субъектов Российской Федерации Южного и Северо-Кавказского федеральных округов.Результаты. В 2017 г. по сравнению с 2016 г. на территории Юга России прослежено снижение количества родов у ВИЧ-позитивных женщин. В 2017 г. в ЮФО и СКФО достигнуты целевые уровни охвата пар мать – дитя химиопрофилактикой передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребенку во время беременности (более 92%) и во время родов (более 93,5%). Выявлен высокий удельный вес женщин с определяемым уровнем репликации ВИЧ перед родами.Заключение. Проведение рекомендованных стандартами профилактических мероприятий и обеспечение антиретровирусными препаратами позволили к 2018 г. значительно повысить охват ВИЧ-инфицированных беременных и новорожденных антиретровирусным профилактическим лечением, что позволило предотвратить заражение ВИЧ-инфекцией от матерей 8840 детей. Обозначены проблемы, препятствующие реализации полного комплекса мероприятий по профилактике вертикальной трансмиссии ВИЧ на Юге России, и предложены подходы для их решения.

Ключевые тенденции цифровой трансформации финансовых услуг в России и их влияние на потребительский опыт: прогнозы экспертов

Purpose: forecasting the key avenues for financial services digital transformation in Russia and its influence on customer experience based on expert surveys.Methods: a set of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as marketing research methods – desk and field research. The field research included qualitative method: in-depth interviews with financial market experts. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis and summarized. Results: the authors provided analysis of secondary data on the main global and local digitalization trends in the financial services market and conducted analytical aggregation of expert opinions on the most likely future changes in the financial services market in the process of digitalization. Analysis of the obtained data enabled to describe three avenues for financial services digital transformation – means of payments digital transformation, payments infrastructure digital transformation and customer interaction models digital transformation. The authors also presented and described the positive and negative influence of the results of digital transformation on the consumer experience.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of this study emphasize the role of financial services digital transformation in the process of new consumer experience creation. The means of payments digital transformation will ensure the total dominance of digital money within the money circulation system positively affecting consumer experience in terms of growing convenience, speed and cost-cutting. Payment infrastructure digital transformation will positively influence on consumer experience by simplifying the customer identification systems and reducing errors. Customer interaction models digital transformation will enhance the level of seamlessness leading to the full integration of financial services in the day-to-day customer activities. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies enabling to achieve the highest level of competitiveness for the financial service providers in the market.Цель: прогнозирование ключевых направлений цифровой трансформации российского рынка финансовых услуг и влияния цифровой трансформации на потребительский опыт на основе оценок экспертов.Методы или методология проведения работы: совокупность общенаучных методов анализа и синтеза, а также кабинетные и полевые методы маркетинговых исследований. Полевые методы маркетинговых исследований представлены глубинными интервью с экспертами финансового рынка. Полученные данные были проанализированы с помощью контент-анализа, систематизированы и обобщены.Результаты работы. Проведен анализ вторичных данных о текущих тенденциях цифровизации рынка финансовых услуг в мире и России. Выполнен анализ первичных данных: мнений экспертов финансового рынка о наиболее вероятных изменениях на рынке финансовых услуг в контексте цифровизации. В результате систематизации и обобщения полученных данных сформулированы три направления цифровой трансформации рынка финансовых услуг до 2030 года: трансформация средств платежей, трансформация инфраструктуры и трансформация моделей взаимодействия с потребителем. В ходе анализа выделенных направлений описано положительное и отрицательное влияние цифровой трансформации на потребительский опыт финансового обслуживания в будущем.Выводы. Результаты исследования показывают особую роль цифровой трансформации финансовых услуг в формировании нового потребительского опыта. Цифровая трансформация средств платежей обеспечит абсолютное доминирование цифровых денег, что улучшит потребительский опыт в части удобства, скорости обслуживания и снижения издержек денежного обращения. Трансформация цифровых платежных решений окажет положительный эффект на потребительский опыт в части упрощения механизма идентификации пользователя и снижения вероятности ошибок транзакций. Трансформация цифровых моделей взаимодействия с потребителем обеспечит высокий уровень «бесшовности» обслуживания и приведет к полной интеграции финансового взаимодействия с повседневной жизнью потребителя. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы хозяйствующими субъектами рынка финансовых услуг при разработке стратегий развития в целях достижения высокого уровня конкурентоспособности на рынке

Epidemiological situation of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Rostov region: analysis and forecast

Objective: monitoring, analysis and forecast of the spread of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Rostov region.Materials and methods: analysis of data on the incidence of COVID-19 in the Rostov region, obtained on the basis of agencies: Department of the Federal service for supervision of consumer protection and human welfare in the Rostov region, Center of hygiene and epidemiology in Rostov region, Rostov research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, as well as the monitoring of information on the Internet sites of the Government of the Rostov region and the regional headquarters for the fight against the spread of COVID-19. Application of the SEIR analytical platform to build a mathematical model for predicting the spread of infection in the Rostov region.Results: the article presents an analysis of the epidemiological situation for the incidence of COVID-19 in the Rostov region, analyzes the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures with the ability to predict the development of the epidemiological process in the region

Socioeconomic aspects of covid-19 on the example of rostov region

Objective. To evaluate the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 in Rostov region. Material and methods. This article focuses on social and economic aspects of COVID-19. By estimating direct medical costs and gross domestic product (GDP) losses (sick leave days), we assessed the economic damage caused by the pandemic in Rostov region. When calculating direct medical costs, we considered per-case costs of completed outpatient and inpatient treatment and costs of laboratory testing (identification of coronavirus). When calculating the costs associated with paid sick leave, we considered the duration of outpatient/inpatient treatment, proportion of working-age patients, and mean salary in Rostov region in 2020. Results. We found that COVID-19-associated direct medical costs and GDP losses (sick leave days) were 3,174,344,917.04 RUB. Almost half (42.7%) of direct medical costs were spent on outpatient treatment. GDP losses were 1,014,047,274.24 RUB. Conclusion. In addition to the direct impact on the health of vulnerable individuals, current pandemic will inevitably cause long-term socioeconomic consequences for both people and the economy. The assessment of the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 is important to develop effective preventive and anti-epidemic measures, as well as to make optimal management decisions

Some epidemiological aspects of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in rostov region

Objective. To perform the analysis, monitoring, and prognosis of the spread of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Rostov region. Material and methods. We evaluated the incidence of COVID-19 in Rostov region. The data was obtained from the Rostov Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rostov region, and Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology. In addition to that, we monitored the information on the official websites of the Government of Rostov region and regional COVID-19 headquarters. The SEIR analytical platform was used to build a mathematical model for predicting the spread of infection in Rostov region. Results. We have evaluated the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Rostov region and analyzed the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures with the possibility of predicting the development of the epidemic process in the region