Reflection of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s Works in V. I. Semevsky’s Researches about Serfdom and Peasant Question in Russia

The study of the literary and journalistic image of serfdom and the peasant question in the works by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, conducted by the prominent historian of the Russian peasantry V. I. Semevsky, is considered. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is devoted to the analysis of the first attempt to study the anti-serfdom content of the works of the outstanding Russian satirist and publicist as a historical source on the history of the Russian peasantry. The long-term process of V. I. Semevsky’s work on this topic is covered. It is shown that M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s consideration of the peasant question is connected with the acute internal political struggle in the course of preparation and implementation of the peasant reform. The authors dwell on V. I. Semevsky’s assessments of the socio-cultural image of the Russian peasantry and nobility in the “Poshekhonskaya starina.” The proximity of the world outlook positions of the historian and the writer is revealed. Special attention is paid to the legal status of peasants in the process of preparation and implementation of the peasant reform. It is concluded that the brochure and articles by V. I. Semevsky about M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin can be regarded as tools of ideological polemics with representatives of the conservative community, who sought to form nostalgia for pre-reform mores in Russian society and to rehabilitate them to some extent

Технология «flipped classroom» в обучении иностранному языку в юридической магистратуре

The article summarizes the results of the natural pedagogical experiment on implementing and evaluating the «flipped classroom» technology in teaching a professional foreign language to Master of Laws degree candidates. Such concepts as electronic and active learning, synchronous and asynchronous technologies, self-study activity of students, productive speech activity are presented in the article as important components of the «flipped classroom». Аn example of a set of exercises and didactic tools for independent work of postgraduates-lawyers in a foreign language in the context of «flipped learning» is given. The final results are used as performance indicators. The questionnaires and tests conducted during the experiment showed the effectiveness of the «flipped classroom» approach (the quality and variety of active and interactive assignments, speech activity of students in the classroom, their mastery of competencies, internal motivation of students and the teacher, their satisfaction with the educational process). The author points out the advantages of the «flipped classroom» technology revealed in the course of the experiment (significant proportion of students» self-study work supervised by a lecturer; independent completion of tasks of the levels «knowledge» and «understanding» by students at home and collective working out of tasks of the levels «application», «analysis», «synthesis» and «assessment» in the classroom; effective self-control and self-assessment of learning outcomes; learning variability; use of the potential of personalized, collaborative and web-based learning; formation of the sense of success and progress in students; efficiency and ergonomics of the educational process in the classroom). The recommended set of assignments for organizing the «flipped classroom» for postgraduates-lawyers can form the basis for further methodical research and be used in teaching a foreign language to students of other master’s degree programmes.В статье обобщаются результаты естественного педагогического эксперимента по внедрению технологии «flipped classroom» в обучение профессиональному иностранному языку будущих магистров юриспруденции и оценке ее перспективности. Такие понятия, как электронное и активное обучение, синхронные и асинхронные технологии, самообразовательная деятельность обучающихся, продуктивная речевая деятельность, представлены в статье как важные компоненты «перевернутого класса». Приводится образец комплекса упражнений и дидактического инструментария для самостоятельной работы магистрантов-юристов на иностранном языке в контексте «перевернутого обучения». Конечные результаты использованы как показатели эффективности. Анкетирование и тестирование, проведенные в ходе эксперимента, показали результативность подхода «flipped classroom» (качество и разнообразие активных и интерактивных заданий, языковая активность испытуемых на уроке, их овладение компетенциями, внутренняя мотивация обучающихся и преподавателя, их удовлетворение образовательным процессом). Автор указывает выявленные в ходе эксперимента преимущества технологии «перевернутый класс» (значительный удельный вес самостоятельной работы обучающихся под руководством преподавателя; самостоятельное выполнение обучающимися заданий уровня «знание», «понимание» дома и совместная отработка заданий уровня «применение», «анализ», «синтез», «оценка» в учебной аудитории; эффективный самоконтроль и самооценка результатов обучения; вариативность обучения; использование потенциала персонализированного, совместного и веб-ориентированного обучения; формирование у обучающихся ощущения успеха и прогресса; экономичность и эргономичность учебного процесса в аудитории). Разработанный комплекс заданий для организации «перевернутого класса» у магистрантов-юристов может лечь в основу дальнейших методических разработок и применяться в обучении иностранному языку студентов других магистерских программ

Assessment of entrepreneurial territorial attractiveness by the ranking method

The relevance of the researched problem is caused by existence of differentiation in development of separate regional units (urban districts and municipalities) within the region. The aim of this article is to offer a method, which determines the level of differentiation in development of various components of the region, and also in producing a set of recommendations for local government administration to achieve higher level in development of their territories. The leading approach to the research of this problem is the ranking method of regional units according to cumulative socioeconomic potential and integral risk. The results of the research are: the estimation procedure for entrepreneurial territorial attractiveness is offered and tried out, with the use of municipal formations of the Samara region as an example; the advantages and “bottlenecks” in development of the concrete urban district are educed; specific measures for realization of advantages and (or) elimination of “bottlenecks” are offered. The materials of the research can be useful for developing strategy for improvement of the region by regional public authorities, for leveling-off of social and economic differentiation of separate regional units, and also for developing of scientifically based municipal programs of support and development of entrepreneurship. © 2016 Karpova et al

Structural and magnetic dimers in the spin-gapped system CuTe2O5

We investigated the magnetic properties of the system CuTe2O5 by susceptibility and electron spin resonance measurements. The anisotropy of the effective g-factors and the ESR linewidth indicates that the anticipated structural dimer does not correspond to the singlet-forming magnetic dimer. Moreover, the spin susceptibility of CuTe2O5 can only be described by taking into account interdimer interactions of the same order of magnitude than the intradimer coupling. Analyzing the exchange couplings in the system we identify the strongest magnetic coupling between two Cu ions to be mediated by super-super exchange interaction via a bridging Te ligand, while the superexchange coupling between the Cu ions of the structural dimer only results in the second strongest coupling

Magnetic properties of (La<inf>0.7</inf>Sr<inf>0.3</inf>MnO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>x</inf>(CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>)<inf>1−x</inf>nanostructured composites

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. (La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 ) x (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) 1−x (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) nanostructured composites with La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) microinclusions in CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO) matrix were synthesized using a solid state method. The structural and microstructural details were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XFA), scaning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. The magnetic properties were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and magnetometry methods. In the concentration range 0.01  <  x  <  0.1 physical properties of composites differ from the properties of the individual components CCTO or LSMO. The Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic phase for all concentrations is T C  = 315 K, that is less at 50 K than in pure LSMO. The Weiss constant of the paramagnetic phase has the strong concentration dependance. The observed mutual influence on the magnetic properties of both components can be tentatively attributed to the interface exchange interactions between them, hinting a possible magnetic proximity effect

Опыт Японии в области регулирования линейного судоходства

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article continues a series of publications [1-3] on regulatory framework for linear navigation of the world’s major maritime countries. Domestic researchers [4, 5] periodically turned to the topic of functioning of Japan’s maritime transport, regulation of its activities and significance for foreign trade. Nevertheless, the authors consider it necessary to return to it again, since there have been serious changes in the world shipping in the past. The new analytical work provides information on the largest Japanese shipping companies, their participation in carrier associations. The activities of the regulator, the principles of its activities and individual cases from practice are considered. An additional relevance of the article is given by the discussion that has unfolded in connection with the discussion of the draft law on introducing amendments to the Merchant Shipping Code of the Russian Federation. Keywords: sea transport, linear conferences, linear navigation, sea transportation in Japan, economy, trade, foreign markets.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Статья продолжает серию публикаций [1-3], посвящённых нормативной базе линейного судоходства основных морских стран мира. Отечественные исследователи [4, 5] периодически обращались к теме функционирования морского транспорта Японии, регулирования его деятельности и значения для внешней торговли. Тем не менее авторы считают необходимым снова к ней вернуться, поскольку за прошедшее время в мировом судоходстве произошли серьёзные изменения. В новой аналитической работе представлена информация о крупнейших японских судоходных компаниях, их участии в объединениях перевозчиков. Рассматривается деятельность регулятора, принципы его деятельности и отдельные случаи из практики. Дополнительную актуальность статье придает дискуссия, развернувшаяся в связи с обсуждением законопроекта о внесении изменений в Кодекс торгового мореплавания РФ

Characterization of resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium head blight

In this study, naturally and artificially inoculated winter wheat varieties were studied with respect to their productivity and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). We used the following set of disease assessment parameters: the percentage of visually and latent Fusarium-damaged grains (FDG); the DNA content of Fusarium fungi; the productivity of inoculated plants compared with non-inoculated plants; and the amount of mycotoxins in the grain. In case of naturally infected grains, the average FDG was found to be about 6.1 % (range of 0–15 %). The amount of DNA of Fusarium graminearum was found to be in the range of (1.1–42.7) × 10–5 ng/ng wheat DNA. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in 15 samples of grain from plants that were grown under natural infection. The maximum DON amount was found to be 420 μg/kg. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was not be detected in naturally infected grain. In case of artificially inoculated plants, the average FDG was found to be 25.8 % (2–54 %). The amount of F. graminearum DNA was found to be significantly higher (4.24– 49.8) × 10–3 ng/ng than it was detected in grain of non-inoculated plants. The wheat varieties inoculated with F. graminearum contained DON in high amounts from 20255 to 79245 μg/kg. Furthermore, a significant amount of FB1 was detected in all wheat varieties in the range of 980–20326 μg/kg. Among the analysed wheat varieties, Adel was characterized to be the most resistant to fungal infection as well as to the contamination by mycotoxins. Antonina, Lebed and Pamyat varieties were classified more relatively resistant than that of other varieties, and Utrish variety was found to be the most susceptible to FHB. The similar resistance of wheat varieties against F. graminearum and F. verticillioides infection was recorded, and the interactions between the fungi during the colonization of grain were shown

Prevalence of malocclusions under conditions of prolonged introduction of systemic fluorides in variable concentrations: Literature review

The pathogenesis of malocclusions, which are common among the population of  all  countries, is  well represented in the professional literature. The occurrence of  malocclusions is associated with genetic and various environmental factors. Among the latter, fluorides which affect the prevalence of some dental diseases are of particular interest. However, there are few publications reflecting the frequency of malocclusion among the population in the regions with different levels of fluoride in drinking water. This problem seems to be significant in the context of the increasing impact of fluorine compounds on human health, including dental health.The aim of the study. To analyze the literature on the frequency of malocclusion among the population living in conditions of variable fluoride content in drinking water. A manual search of domestic and foreign literature was performed in the search databases PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. From the initial list of publications, eighteen articles that met the inclusion criteria for the study were selected for analysis. We revealed significant variability of the research results. Some authors note a higher prevalence of malocclusions among the population under conditions of increased fluoride intake, others note a lower one, and still others did not reveal any differences between the values obtained in both samples. Most of the assessed publications did not methodologically meet modern international standards, and therefore were of little evidence.The literature data do not provide grounds for an unambiguous assessment of fluorine compounds as an environmental factor that indirectly affects the process of occlusion formation in humans and animals.The review did not allow to make a definitive conclusion on the possible impact of  systemic fluorides on the prevalence and pattern of malocclusion in humans and animals. It requires the implementation of studies that comply with the principles of evidence-based medicine

Lipid profile in menopausal women of two ethnic groups

Background. The hormonal alteration in menopause can lead to changes in the lipid metabolism parameters. The results of studies on this issue are ambiguous and suggest ethno-specific changes in the lipid profile. Aim: comparative assessment of lipid metabolism parameters in women of Caucasian and Asian races in peri- and postmenopause. Materials and methods. 146 women of Caucasian (ethnic group - Russian (n = 82)) and Asian (ethnic group - Buryats (n = 64)) races participated as volunteers in the prospective non-randomized study for the period 2012-2016. Each ethnic group was divided into three subgroups - women of reproductive age, women in perimenopause, and in postmenopause, according to the gynecological status. The lipid metabolism parameters were determined by the enzymatic method on a biochemical analyzer BTS-330. When analyzing the intergroup differences for independent samples, nonparametric criteria were used. Results. In Russian perimenopausal women, compared with women of reproductive age, we registered an increase in triglycerol levels by 1.90 times (p < 0.05) and cholesterol of very low density lipoproteins by 2.10 times (p < 0.05), followed by an increase of total cholesterol levels by 1.22 times (p < 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 1.40 times (p < 0.05) in postmenopausal period. In representatives of the Buryat ethnos, the changes in the lipid metabolism parameters were detected only in postmenopause, they consisted in increased total cholesterol levels - by 1.31 times (p < 0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol - by 1.45 times (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Changes in the lipid profile in menopause are more pronounced in representatives of the Russian ethnic group

Polymorbidity and Polypragmasia in High and Very High Cardiovascular Risk Patients

Aim. Assessment of the level and structure of polymorbidity, features of pharmacotherapy therapy in patients of different age groups, belonging to the category of high and extremely high cardiovascular risk, observed in outpatient clinics.Material and methods. The single-stage study included 282 patients of high and very high cardiovascular risk who were divided into three groups: (1) age 45-59 years, (2) 60-74 years, (3) ≥75 years. The structure of polymorbidity and features of pharmacotherapy in different age groups patients were evaluated. The frequency of polypragmasia was determined, and treatment adequacy in patients over 65 years of age was analyzed using the STOPP / START criteria and the Beers criteria of 2019.Results. High and very high cardiovascular risk patients have been found to be highly polymorbid, polimorbidity level increasing with age. Thus, among elderly patients, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure (CHF) were more often detected, as well as a high frequency of concomitant and background conditions, especially bone and joint system involvement (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis). Polypragmasia (administration of ≥5 drugs) was detected in 150 patients (53.2%) and was more common among elderly patients. According to Beers criteria, there were 48 cases of inadequate medication prescribing in 46 (28.0%) elderly patients. According to 80 STOPP criteria, 75 cases of prescribing potentially non-recommended drugs to 55 patients (32.1%) were detected. According to 34 START criteria, 116 cases of non-prescribing of necessary drugs to 52 (30.4%) elderly patients were found. When assessing the frequency of prognosis modifying medication prescribing, patients with CHF in 107 (63.0%) cases received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and in 42 cases (24.5%) angiotensin II receptor antagonists had been prescribed.  Thus,  87.5%  CHF patients were receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. Statins were administered in 225 (79.8%) cases, antiplatelet agents were prescribed in 157 (67.9%) cases, and 23 persons (9.9%) were on oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation.Conclusion. In the structure of the studied cohort most of the high and very high cardiovascular risk outpatients were polimorbid, elderly and senile. Polypragmasia has been detected in more than half of elderly outpatients (53%), irrational medication was found in 28% to 30% elderly patients. Most patients with CHF were on statins, antithrombotic therapy, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers