258 research outputs found
Delocalization of Wannier-Stark ladders by phonons: tunneling and stretched polarons
We study the coherent dynamics of a Holstein polaron in strong electric
fields. A detailed analytical and numerical analysis shows that even for small
hopping constant and weak electron-phonon interaction, polaron states can
become delocalized if a resonance condition develops between the original
Wannier-Stark states and the phonon modes, yielding both tunneling and
`stretched' polarons. The unusual stretched polarons are characterized by a
phonon cloud that {\em trails} the electron, instead of accompanying it. In
general, our novel approach allows us to show that the polaron spectrum has a
complex nearly-fractal structure, due to the coherent coupling between states
in the Cayley tree which describes the relevant Hilbert space. The eigenstates
of a finite ladder are analyzed in terms of the observable tunneling and
optical properties of the system.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Microwave-induced magnetotransport phenomena in two-dimensional electron systems: Importance of electrodynamic effects
We discuss possible origins of recently discovered microwave induced
photoresistance oscillations in very-high-electron-mobility two-dimensional
electron systems. We show that electrodynamic effects -- the radiative decay,
plasma oscillations, and retardation effects, -- are important under the
experimental conditions, and that their inclusion in the theory is essential
for understanding the discussed and related microwave induced magnetotransport
phenomena.Comment: 5 pages, including 2 figures and 1 tabl
Interaction quench dynamics in the Kondo model in presence of a local magnetic field
In this work we investigate the quench dynamics in the Kondo model on the
Toulouse line in presence of a local magnetic field. It is shown that this
setup can be realized by either applying the local magnetic field directly or
by preparing the system in a macroscopically spin-polarized initial state. In
the latter case, the magnetic field results from a subtlety in applying the
bosonization technique where terms that are usually referred to as finite-size
corrections become important in the present non-equilibrium setting. The
transient dynamics is studied by analyzing exact analytical results for the
local spin dynamics. The time scale for the relaxation of the local dynamical
quantities turns out to be exclusively determined by the Kondo scale. In the
transient regime, one observes damped oscillations in the local correlation
functions with a frequency set by the magnetic field.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures; minor changes, version as publishe
Wave Functions and Energies of Magnetopolarons in Semiconductor Quantum Wells
The classification of magnetopolarons in semiconductor quantum wells (QW) is
represented. Magnetopolarons appear due to the Johnson - Larsen effect. The
wave functions of usual and combined magnetopolarons are obtained by the
diodanalization of the Schrodinger equation.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Polarons with a twist
We consider a polaron model where molecular \emph{rotations} are important.
Here, the usual hopping between neighboring sites is affected directly by the
electron-phonon interaction via a {\em twist-dependent} hopping amplitude. This
model may be of relevance for electronic transport in complex molecules and
polymers with torsional degrees of freedom, such as DNA, as well as in
molecular electronics experiments where molecular twist motion is significant.
We use a tight-binding representation and find that very different polaronic
properties are already exhibited by a two-site model -- these are due to the
nonlinearity of the restoring force of the twist excitations, and of the
electron-phonon interaction in the model. In the adiabatic regime, where
electrons move in a {\em low}-frequency field of twisting-phonons, the
effective splitting of the energy levels increases with coupling strength. The
bandwidth in a long chain shows a power-law suppression with coupling, unlike
the typical exponential dependence due to linear phonons.Comment: revtex4 source and one eps figur
First trimester prenatal screening in multiple pregnancies. Part II: serum proteins PAPP-A and Ξ²-hCG as markers of adverse pregnancy outcomes
Aim: to evaluate the ability of serum biochemical markers in pregnant woman - PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and Ξ²-hCG (the Π²-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) studied in the first trimester (11+0-13+6) during combined prenatal screening to predict adverse perinatal outcomes of multiple pregnancy that occurred spontaneously and as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF).Materials and methods. The main group consisted from 65 women with pregnancy occurred as a result of IVF; comparison group included 56 women with spontaneous pregnancy. All pregnancies were multiple and their outcomes were known. Serum PAPP-A and Ξ²-hCG levels were measured in the first trimester. The results were expressed in absolute values and in MoM (multiples of median). Subgroups were compared with mono- and dichorionic pregnancies, complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies, distributed according to MoM index: within the reference values (0.5-2.0), below or above the reference values.Results. PAPP-A MoM values in the spontaneous pregnancy group were 1.12 [0.8; 1.57], in the IVF group - 1.35 [1.11; 1.72] (p = 0.01). In subgroup of low PAPP-A MoM antenatal fetal death occurred in 50 %, in subgroup of normal PAPP-A MoM - in 14.58 %, in subgroup of high PAPP-A MoM - in 5.88 % (p = 0.011). In addition, a positive correlation was found between serum PAPP-A level and time of fetal death (rs = 0.564; p = 0.036). Low PAPP-A MoM values were associated with 50 % fetal mortality, 75 % of them were attributable to pregnancy as a result of IVF.Conclusion. Identification of adverse outcomes in multiple pregnancies is still a difficult task, but evaluation of serum biochemical markers during the first trimester screening can help in early diagnosis of necessity and extent of timely prophylaxis
First trimester prenatal screening in multiple pregnancies. Part I: comparative analysis of serum proteins PAPP-A and p-hCG in pregnancies conceived spontaneously or by in vitro fertilization
Introduction. Serum proteins PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and Ξ²-hCG (the Π²-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) levels are components of the 1st trimester combined screening aimed to detect fetal aneuploidies. In contrast to singleton pregnancies, where the values are well established, this is not the case in twins.Aim: a comparative analysis of serum proteins PAPP-A and Ξ²-hCG levels, as well as parameters PAPP-A MoM and Ξ²-hCG MoM in the first trimester during pregnancy with dichorionic diamniotic twins that occurred spontaneously or as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF).Materials and methods. The study group included multiple pregnancies as a result of IVF procedure (n = 100) and spontaneous multiple pregnancies (n = 121) considered as controls. The levels of PAPP-A, Ξ²-hCG, PAPP-A MoM and Ξ²-hCG MoM were compared using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.Results. The PAPP-A MoM level resulted higher in the group of IVF twins (p = 0,007) compared to spontaneous twins: 1.28 [0.97; 1.89] vs. 1.12 [0.87; 1.40] (median [interquartile range]). There were no statistically significant differences in Π²-hCG levels between the groups of IVF twins and spontaneous twins.Conclusion. The results justify the need for further study of PAPP-A and Ξ²-hCG to establish their association with adverse outcomes in both groups of multiple pregnancies
Kinetics of exciton photoluminescence in type-II semiconductor superlattices
The exciton decay rate at a rough interface in type-II semiconductor
superlattices is investigated. It is shown that the possibility of
recombination of indirect excitons at a plane interface essentially affects
kinetics of the exciton photoluminescence at a rough interface. This happens
because of strong correlation between the exciton recombination at the plane
interface and at the roughness. Expressions that relate the parameters of the
luminescence kinetics with statistical characteristics of the rough interface
are obtained. The mean height and length of roughnesses in GaAs/AlAs
superlattices are estimated from the experimental data.Comment: 3 PostScript figure
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅: ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
Introduction. Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome is one of the types of complications of monochorial twins (MT) with a frequency of occurrence of 1:35000 births. It is characterized by the presence of the main vessel instead of a normal 4 chambers heart and intrauterine developmental abnormalities. This pregnancy requires monitoring using dynamic ultrasound diagnostics every 7 days, in accordance with current recommendations. The treatment is intrauterine laser coagulation of blood vessels of the βacardial fetusβ (AP) in order to prevent the development of a threatening condition for the βfetal pumpβ (PP).Β Aim: to demonstrate the possibilities of comprehensive conservative management of monochorial pregnancy complicated by TRAP.Materials and methods. An ultrasound examinations were performed on a weekly basis in monochorionic pregnancy, complicated by TRAP within the period 12-38 weeks. Serum concentrations of biochemical markers PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and Ξ²-hGC (Ξ²-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) were studied in the first trimester to predict adverse perinatal outcomes.Results. The possibility of prolonging a pregnancy complicated by TRAP without performing intrauterine surgical intervention, during which quite serious complications can occur in this category of pregnancies, has been demonstrated. In a patient with monochorionic twins complicated by TRAP, totally 27 ultrasound examinations were performed within the period 12-38 weeks. This approach made it possible to dynamically monitor the condition of a pregnant and healthy fetus and to prolong pregnancy without surgery until the full term.Conclusions. Following the existing guidelines, without tailoring for individual risk, may lead to an unreasonable increase in surgical interventions. In turn, surgery is not only accompanied by a high risk of complications (up to 15%), but also constitute a certain financial burden on the budget, determined by the state on the level of 208,000 rubles. Performing routine ultrasound examinations according to the examination protocol for monochorionic pregnancy will contribute to avoiding the complications associated with surgery and better selection for surgery as well as reducing the government costs.Β ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ (Π‘ΠΠΠ) β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈ (ΠΠ₯) Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ 1:35000 ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° (Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄) ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π£ΠΠ) ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ΅ 7 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ (ΠΠ) Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΏΡ (ΠΠ).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 12-38 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² PAPP-A (Π°Π½Π³Π». β pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½-Π ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ) ΠΈ Ξ²-Π₯ΠΠ§ (ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°) Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΠΠ, Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° (ΠΠ₯), Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π‘ΠΠΠ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ 27 Π£ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 12-38 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ₯, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ₯ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π΄ΠΎ 15%), Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ 208000 ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π£ΠΠ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ₯, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠ₯, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ₯, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ
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