Changes in Social and Economic Status of People in Sullivan County for a Thirty Year Period

Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to indicate some of the more important trends in Sullivan County, largely within the last thirty years. Whenever it has been difficult to get information indicating trends then it has been necessary to present conditions without adequate foundational information to indicate trends

Injuries in Competitive Swimming: Incidence and Risk Factors

Objective: To study the nature and incidence rate of injuries that affect collegiate competitive swimmers and to examine the relationship between these injuries and specific risk factors. Background: Minimal research has been conducted on swimming-related injuries, with most studies being retrospective in nature. Only one study reported a calculated injury rate for athletic exposures. Past research reports that the shoulder is the most commonly injured location and that overuse injuries (e.g. tendonitis) is the most common injury type. Methods: IRB approval obtained through the University of North Dakota. Swimmers from UND swim team were asked to participate. Once consent was obtained, baseline data in the form of participant information and a medical history questionnaire was gathered for each participant. Afterwards, the swimmers were followed for an entire season to report any injuries and their exposure to swimming (attendance records, yardage, etc.). Once the season was over, descriptive and analytical data analyses were completed based off information obtained from the participants. Results: Of the 34 participants, 20 sustained a total of 31 injuries during the study period. Based on data found injury rates were calculated has being 5.55 injuries per 1000 AE\u27s and 3.04 injuries per 1000 hours training. Risk factors included in this study were gender, years swimming competitively, history of any injury, and history of specific injury. Risk factors that remained significant in the multivariate analysis were history of any injury and history of specific injury. Conclusions: Injury rates reported in this study are higher than injury rates reported by previous swim-related studies. When compared to other overhead sports, swimming has a lower overall injury rate. As for distribution of injuries, the data reported in this study are similar to those that were reported in other swim-related studies

Complex edge effects in zigzag graphene nanoribbons due to hydrogen loading

We have performed density functional calculations as well as employed a tight-binding theory, to study the effect of passivation of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) by Hydrogen. We show that each edge C atom bonded with 2 H atoms open up a gap and destroys magnetism for small widths of the nanoribbon. However, a re-entrant magnetism accompanied by a metallic electronic structure is observed from 8 rows and thicker nanoribbons. The electronic structure and magnetic state are quite complex for this type of termination, with sp$^3$ bonded edge atoms being non-magnetic, whereas the nearest neighboring atoms are metallic and magnetic. We have also evaluated the phase stability of several thicknesses of ZGNR, and demonstrate that sp$^3$ bonded edge atoms, with 2 H atoms at the edge, should be stable at temperatures and pressures which are reachable in a laboratory environment.Comment: 11 figure

B749: Pulping, Biomass, and Nutrient Studies of Woody Shrub and Shrub Sizes of Tree Species

The research described in this report was a further effort to determine the potential of woody plants and forest waste not normally used commercially as a source of wood pulp. The results of previous studies of this subject have been reported in several technical journals and as LSA Experiment Station Bulletins over a period of several years. It was concluded that the only feasible way of harvesting this type of material for pulping would be as a whole plant. The small size and large proportions of bark and small branches would preclude any kind of barkwood separation process. If species of this kind and size could be grown and harvested as a crop, it might be possible to improve pulping yield and pulp characteristics by selectively pulping species, using optimum pulping conditions which might vary with the species.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/1091/thumbnail.jp

Higher education as a space for promoting the psychosocial well-being of refugee students

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how well a single higher education institution (HEI) was perceived to be meeting the psychosocial support needs of refugee students and to identify possible ways in which the HEI might better promote refugee students’ psychosocial well-being. / Design: Adopting an exploratory, focused case study design, the research employed a qualitative interpretive approach utilising three data collection methods: narrative inquiry, Photovoice and key informant interviews. The social ecological model and the health-promoting university approach guided the enquiry and analysis. / Setting: A single HEI in London, UK. / Results: Refugee student-participants reported stressful and traumatic experiences at different points in their migratory experience. Participants were motivated by being involved in education but identified barriers to seeking institutional support to improve their health and well-being. Student-participants and staff identified ways in which support for refugee student well-being could be improved. / Conclusion: Refugee students were found to have specific health and well-being support needs which were not met due to a range of organisational constraints. The social ecological model and the health-promoting university offer frameworks for HEIs to respond better to the diverse health and well-being needs of students

Supporting reinterpretation in computer-aided conceptual design

This paper presents research that aims to inform the development of computational tools that better support design exploration and idea transformation - key objectives in conceptual design. Analyses of experimental data from two fields - product design and architecture - suggest that the interactions of designers with their sketches can be formalised according to a finite number of generalised shape rules defined within a shape grammar. Such rules can provide a basis for the generation of alternative design concepts and they have informed the development of a prototype shape synthesis system that supports dynamic reinterpretation of shapes in design activity. The notion of 'sub-shapes' is introduced and the significance of these to perception, recognition and the development of emergent structures is discussed. The paper concludes with some speculation on how such a system might find application in a range of design fields

Coalescing at 8 GeV in the Fermilab Main Injector

For Project X, it is planned to inject a beam of 3 10**11 particles per bunch into the Main Injector. To prepare for this by studying the effects of higher intensity bunches in the Main Injector it is necessary to perform coalescing at 8 GeV. The results of a series of experiments and simulations of 8 GeV coalescing are presented. To increase the coalescing efficiency adiabatic reduction of the 53 MHz RF is required, resulting in ~70% coalescing efficiency of 5 initial bunches. Data using wall current monitors has been taken to compare previous work and new simulations for 53 MHz RF reduction, bunch rotations and coalescing, good agreement between experiment and simulation was found. Possible schemes to increase the coalescing efficiency and generate even higher intensity bunches are discussed. These require improving the timing resolution of the low level RF and/or tuning the adiabatic voltage reduction of the 53 MHz.Comment: 3 pp. 3rd International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2012) 20-25 May 2012, New Orleans, Louisian

Formation of a reliable intermediate band in Si heavily coimplanted with chalcogens (S, Se, Te) and group III elements (B, Al)

This first-principles study describes the properties of Si implanted with several chalcogen species (S, Se, Te) at doses considerably above the equilibrium solubility limit, especially when coimplanted with the group III atoms B and Al. The measurements of chalcogen-implanted Si show strong optical absorption in the infrared range. The calculations carried out show that substitution of Si by chalcogen atoms requires lower formation energy than the interstitial implantation. In the resulting electronic structure, at concentrations close to 0.5%, an impurity band determined by the properties of the chalcogens introduced is observed in the forbidden energy gap of Si. Although this band is a few tenths of an electron volt wide, it remains energetically isolated from both the valence and the conduction bands. Appropriate coimplantation with group III elements allows control over the occupation of the intermediate band while modifying its energies only slightly. A moderate energy gain (especially small for B) seems to be obtained when p-doping atoms occupy the sites next to those of the chalcogens. Therefore, the apparent electrostatic attraction between species that in isolation would act as acceptors and double donors is smaller than expected. The intermediate-band properties have been preserved for all of the coimplanted compounds analyzed here, regardless of the species involved or the distance between them, which constitutes an appreciable advantage for the design of new experimental materials

VHF downline communication system for SLAR data

A real time VHF downlink communication system is described for transmitting side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) data directly from an aircraft to a portable ground/shipboard receiving station. Use of this receiving station aboard the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Mackinaw for generating real-time photographic quality radar images is discussed. The system was developed and demonstrated in conjunction with the U.S Coast Guard and NOAA National Weather Service as part of the Project Icewarn all weather ice information system for the Great Lakes Winter Navigation Program