Hierarchical morphogenetic analysis of Kursk chernozem

Each of four hierarchical levels in the morphogenetic research is characterized in terms of technical and information facilities. A detailed hierarchical study was performed for the first time for chernozems and may be qualified for a basic one. Its results comprise confirmation of occurrence and details in manifestations of pedogenetic processes well-known in chernozems, as well as additional information on the pedofauna contribution to chernozem formation, variability and dynamics of carbonate pedofeatures, stability of the mineral soil ingredients

Russian and Foreign Experience of Placement for Orphans

Children are the main value of the country, they need care and special attention. The government is obliged to ensure the implementation of children's rights to upbringing, education and development. The family education of children is the priority form. However, there is a problem of orphanage and social orphanage, children left without parental care. There are various forms of placement for orphans. The family form of the placement, foster families, are priority in the world

Скаффолды как системы доставки биологически активных и лекарственных веществ

The article updates the existing data on the use of scaffolds as target and controlled substance delivery systems. The prerequisites and grounds for using scaffolds as substance delivery systems are being considered. Current tissue-engineered strategies for developing target drug and bioactive substance delivery using scaffolds are being discussed. A classification of scaffold-based substance delivery systems is provided. Special attention is given to the development of two-phase substance delivery systems using various types of nanoparticles. A variety of nanoparticles and the benefits of their use as carriers of substances in a two-component delivery systems are shown. Recent developments in the substance delivery systems for regenerative medicine and future prospects are presented.В статье проанализированы и систематизированы современные данные об использовании скаффолдов как систем контролируемой доставки веществ. Рассматриваются предпосылки и основания для использования скаффолдов в качестве систем доставки. Обсуждаются текущие стратегии создания систем контролируемой доставки биологически активных и лекарственных веществ на основе продуктов скаффолд-технологий. Приводится классификация систем доставки веществ на основе скаффолдов. Отдельное внимание уделено разработкам двухфазных систем доставки веществ с использованием наночастиц. Показано разнообразие наночастиц и их преимущества как носителей веществ, применяемых в двухкомпонентных системах доставки. Приводятся современные примеры разработок систем доставки веществ и перспективы развития регенеративной медицины

LIGHT-HUMUS CARBONATE-ACCUMULATIVE AND PALE-METAMORPHIC SOILS IN THE COLLECTION OF V. V. DOKUCHAEV CENTRAL SOIL MUSEUM: VERIFICATION OF DIAGNOSTICS AT TYPE LEVEL

Results of 24 soil monoliths studying in the collection of Dokuchaev Central Soil Museum were analyzed in terms of diagnostic criteria in Russian soil classification system; these were chestnut, brown aridic, pale and cryoaridic soils. The topsoils of chestnut and brown aridic soils meet the criteria for the light-humus horizon (AJ), but their values in Munsell readings proved to be lower. In pale soils, the upper horizons were identified as gray-humus instead of light-humus ones as prescribed in the system. The cryohumus AK horizon, diagnostic for cryoaridic soils, is peculiar by the abundance of reddish frost-fragmented plant residues (detritus). We failed to differentiate metamorphic BM and xerometamorphic BMK horizon, they had more features of the latter. Both horizons are similar to the pale-metamorphic BPL horizon in color, although the BPL has a definitely weaker structure displaying some cryogenic features. These are less prominent in cryoaridic soils than in pale soils, hence, the diagnostic BPL horizon in cryoaridic soils may be removed to the category of diagnostic property. A similar re-evaluation may be proposed for the carbonate-textural CAT horizon: to consider it as a diagnostic property in the carbonate-accumulative horizon (ВСАt). The ВСА horizon in all soils studied differed by carbonate pedofeatures, namely, segregations in brown and chestnut soils, impregnations in pale soils, impregnations and coatings in cryoaridic soils

Phosphatase Activity in Chemical Cholera Vaccine and its Components

Presented are the data on detection and characterization of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in detoxicated cultural fluid of production Vibrio cholerae strains 569B and M41, and in choleragen-anatoxin and O-antigenic fraction, the vaccine components. These enzymes were demonstrated to be present in the cholera vaccine tablet, thus its biochemical properties were characterized more completely

CCD BV and 2MASS photometric study of the open cluster NGC 1513

We present CCD BV and JHK$_{s}$ 2MASS photometric data for the open cluster NGC 1513. We observed 609 stars in the direction of the cluster up to a limiting magnitude of $V\sim19$ mag. The star count method shows that the centre of the cluster lies at $\alpha_{2000}=04^{h}09^{m}36^{s}$, $\delta_{2000}=49^{\circ}28^{'}43^{''}$ and its angular size is $r=10$ arcmin. The optical and near-infrared two-colour diagrams reveal the colour excesses in the direction of the cluster as $E(B-V)=0.68\pm0.06$, $E(J-H)=0.21\pm0.02$ and $E(J-K_{s})=0.33\pm0.04$ mag. These results are consistent with normal interstellar extinction values. Optical and near-infrared Zero Age Main-Sequences (ZAMS) provided an average distance modulus of $(m-M)_{0}=10.80\pm0.13$ mag, which can be translated into a distance of $1440\pm80$ pc. Finally, using Padova isochrones we determined the metallicity and age of the cluster as $Z=0.015\pm 0.004$ ($[M/H]=-0.10 \pm 0.10$ dex) and $\log (t/yr) = 8.40\pm0.04$, respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures and 4 tables, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

NEW NUTRIENT MEDIUM ON THE BASIS OF DRY FIBRIN HYDROLYSATE FOR V. CHOLERAE CULTIVATION

The data on exploration of biological properties of experimental solid and liquid media on the basis of dry enzymatic hydrolysate of fibrinobtained from production waste of anti-rabies immunoglobulin is presened here. The culture media engineered meets the requirements of normative documents and. is highly competitive with the test medium in their qualitative characteristics. Suggested media can be used for V. cholerae cultivation, including submerged cultivation, in production of cholera preventive and. diagnostic preparations

Estimation of erosion resistance of hardened metal alloys under conditions of droplet impact

Introduction. The phenomenon of the droplet impingement erosion which develops in the metallic materials at the frequencies of drop collisions of 50 ... 200 s-1 and velocities of 150 ... 600 m/s is considered. The comparative estimability of the wear resistance of materials of various structural classes and with different levels of mechanical properties is investigated. The major goal of the work is the development of a computational and analytical model of erosion wear of hardened materials. In parallel, the problem of the criterial evaluation of materials, with the help of which they could be attributed to plastic or reinforced materials and then used as a corresponding model of the fatigue failure mechanics, is solved.Materials and Methods. The well-known dependences of the fracture mechanics and the fatigue theory of Paris-Erdogan are used for the computational and analytical estimates of the erosion resistance of materials. The calculated expressions parameters are obtained on the basis of the bench erosion test results and scanning electron microscopy data of samples of 20Cr13 steel with a martensitic structure.Research Results. It is suggested to use limiting state diagrams of the ductile and durable materials as their classification criterion. In particular, the initial and critical size of the brittle fracture can be determined on the basis of such a diagram of the hardened materials. These values are used in the basic model to calculate the erosion resistance of the material. Based on theParis equation from the fatigue theory of ParisErdogan, a computational and analytical model for estimating the erosion resistance of the hardened materials is developed and scientifically proven. Their surface degradation occurs according to the mechanism of nucleation and development of cracks of the clasped type. The calculation data are presented for samples of martensitic 20Cr13 steel using the experimentally obtained parameters of theParis equation.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained are relevant for the selection, optimization or development of the erosionresistant materials for high-speed blades of the steam-gas turbine and compressor equipment operating under the conditions of condensate formation