Multiclass Support Matrix Machines by Maximizing the Inter-Class Margin for Single Trial EEG Classification

© 2001-2011 IEEE. Accurate classification of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals plays an important role in diagnoses of different type of mental activities. One of the most important challenges, associated with classification of EEG signals is how to design an efficient classifier consisting of strong generalization capability. Aiming to improve the classification performance, in this paper, we propose a novel multiclass support matrix machine (M-SMM) from the perspective of maximizing the inter-class margins. The objective function is a combination of binary hinge loss that works on C matrices and spectral elastic net penalty as regularization term. This regularization term is a combination of Frobenius and nuclear norm, which promotes structural sparsity and shares similar sparsity patterns across multiple predictors. It also maximizes the inter-class margin that helps to deal with complex high dimensional noisy data. The extensive experiment results supported by theoretical analysis and statistical tests show the effectiveness of the M-SMM for solving the problem of classifying EEG signals associated with motor imagery in brain-computer interface applications

Integrating joint feature selection into subspace learning: A formulation of 2DPCA for outliers robust feature selection

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Since the principal component analysis and its variants are sensitive to outliers that affect their performance and applicability in real world, several variants have been proposed to improve the robustness. However, most of the existing methods are still sensitive to outliers and are unable to select useful features. To overcome the issue of sensitivity of PCA against outliers, in this paper, we introduce two-dimensional outliers-robust principal component analysis (ORPCA) by imposing the joint constraints on the objective function. ORPCA relaxes the orthogonal constraints and penalizes the regression coefficient, thus, it selects important features and ignores the same features that exist in other principal components. It is commonly known that square Frobenius norm is sensitive to outliers. To overcome this issue, we have devised an alternative way to derive objective function. Experimental results on four publicly available benchmark datasets show the effectiveness of joint feature selection and provide better performance as compared to state-of-the-art dimensionality-reduction methods

Amino acids – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 4

Protein catabolism should be reduced and protein synthesis promoted with parenteral nutrion (PN). Amino acid (AA) solutions should always be infused with PN. Standard AA solutions are generally used, whereas specially adapted AA solutions may be required in certain conditions such as severe disorders of AA utilisation or in inborn errors of AA metabolism. An AA intake of 0.8 g/kg/day is generally recommended for adult patients with a normal metabolism, which may be increased to 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day, or to 2.0 or 2.5 g/kg/day in exceptional cases. Sufficient non-nitrogen energy sources should be added in order to assure adequate utilisation of AA. A nitrogen calorie ratio of 1:130 to 1:170 (g N/kcal) or 1:21 to 1:27 (g AA/kcal) is recommended under normal metabolic conditions. In critically ill patients glutamine should be administered parenterally if indicated in the form of peptides, for example 0.3–0.4 g glutamine dipeptide/kg body weight/day (=0.2–0.26 g glutamine/kg body weight/day). No recommendation can be made for glutamine supplementation in PN for patients with acute pancreatitis or after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and in newborns. The application of arginine is currently not warranted as a supplement in PN in adults. N-acetyl AA are only of limited use as alternative AA sources. There is currently no indication for use of AA solutions with an increased content of glycine, branched-chain AAs (BCAA) and ornithine-α-ketoglutarate (OKG) in all patients receiving PN. AA solutions with an increased proportion of BCAA are recommended in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (III–IV)

Исследование структуры и свойств многослойных плазменных порошковых покрытий из керамики и сплавов на основе никеля

The paper deals with the studies of plasma coatings formed under optimal technological conditions from Al2O3–TiO2–NiCrAlYТа powder compositions. They have an acceptable density and have a number of surface defects acceptable for operation – pores and cracks. Large-dimensional ceramic Al2O3–TiO2 particles are embedded in the NiCrAlYТа matrix during the formation of the coating. This structure is associated with the mobility of the molten liquid-phase components of NiCrAlYТа, which tend to fill gaps and cracks that occur during plasma spraying of metal oxide coating and contribute to an increase in the density of coatings. In the process of high-temperature deposition, the oxide component melts into an organic whole with a metal one in the area of the interface, the elements diffuse and penetrate each other, so the interface is not clearly defined, there are no obvious boundaries between layered structures. These structures, along with chemical and mechanical bonds, also contain metallurgical bonds. With the optimal spraying parameters we have established, a microheterogeneous structure is observed in the coating system with the content of elements that ensure its wear resistance (orthorhombic phase of titanium oxide, Cr1.12Ni2.88, a-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3). Spreading of molten powder particles on the substrate occurs with minimal spattering and losses upon impact on the substrate. The main crystalline phases in the system of the formed coating include Cr1.12Ni2.88, γ-Al2O3, anatase (TiO2) in addition to rutile, and a-Al2O3. In the analysis, diffraction peaks in rutile are detected in the ranges 2θ = 32° and 2θ = 70°, while the content increases after the sputtering process, which confirms the transition from the anatase phase to the rutile phase at high temperature. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, the content in coating of a-Al2O3 and rutile TiO2 is approximately 30.4 % and 32.2 %, respectively, being the main phase structures of the coatings. Studies have been carried out on the influence of distances of the plasma spraying process on the performance characteristics of wear-resistant plasma coatings – adhesion strength, hardness and porosity.В статье рассмотрены проведенные исследования сформированных при оптимальных технологических режимах плазменных покрытий из порошковых композиций Al2O3–TiO2–NiCrAlYТа. Они обладают приемлемой плотностью и имеют допустимое для эксплуатации количество поверхностных дефектов – пор и трещин. Крупно-габаритные керамические частицы Al2O3–TiO2 внедрены в NiCrAlYТа матрицу при формировании покрытия. Такое строение связано с подвижностью у расплавленных жидкофазных составляющих NiCrAlYТа, которые стремятся заполнить промежутки и трещины, возникающие в процессе плазменного напылении металлооксидного покрытия и способствуют повышению плотности покрытий. В процессе высокотемпературного осаждения оксидная составляющая плавится в органическое целое с металлической в области границы раздела, элементы диффундируют и проникают друг в друга, поэтому граница раздела не является четко определенной, нет очевидных границ между слоис-тыми структурами, наравне с химическими и механическими связями присутствуют и металлургические связи. При установленных нами оптимальных параметрах напыления в системе покрытия наблюдается микрогетерогенная структура с содержанием элементов, обеспечивающих его износостойкость (орторомбическая фаза оксида титана, Cr1,12Ni2,88, a-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3). Происходит растекание расплавленных порошковых частиц на подложке с минимальным разбрызгиванием и потерями при ударе о подложку. К основным кристаллическим фазам в системе сформированного покрытия можно отнести Cr1,12Ni2,88, γ-Al2O3, анатаз (TiO2) в дополнение к рутилу и a-Al2O3. При анализе дифракционные пики у рутила выявляются в пределах 2θ = 32° и 2θ = 70°, при этом содержание растет после процесса распыления, что подтверждает переход из фазы анатаза в рутильную фазу при высокой температуре. На основании результатов количественного анализа установлено, что содержание в покрытии a-Al2O3 и рутила TiO2 составляет примерно 30,4 и 32,2 % соответственно, являясь при этом основными фазовыми структурами покрытий. Проведены исследования по влиянию дистанций процесса плазменного напыления на эксплуатационные характеристики износостойких плазменных покрытий – прочность сцепления, твердость и пористость

Аспекты создания многослойных покрытий методом плазменного напыления

In the work, taking into account the state of the issue in the field of applying multilayer heat-shielding and wear-resistant coatings, directions of research are substantiated. The objectives of the development are: improvement of powder materials containing zirconium dioxide partially stabilized with yttrium oxide for plasma deposition of heat-shielding coa-tings; improvement of powder materials containing oxide ceramics and nickel-based alloys for plasma deposition of wear-resistant coatings; development of technological parameters of plasma spraying and subsequent processing by the effects of compression plasma on the coating; analysis of the quality of protective coatings obtained using the optimal technology by studying their structure and physical and mechanical properties. The ZrO2 – 7 % Y2O3 particles contain the predominant tetragonal Y0.15Zr0.85O0.93 phase, monoclinic and cubic ZrO2 phases, and the Al2O3–TiO2–Ni–Cr–Al–Y–Ta composition contains the Cr1.12Ni2.88 phase of the nickel-based solid solution, the a-Al2O3, g-Al2O3 phases, and the orthorhombic phase of titanium oxide TiO2 that contribute to its wear resistance. subsequent optimization of technological parameters for the process of plasma spraying of multilayer heat-shielding and wear-resistant coatings. Technological parameters for the process of plasma spraying of multi-layer heat-shielding and wear-resistant coatings are investigated with subsequent optimization. The optimization criteria were the utilization factor of the sprayed powder material and the structure of the coatings. The influence of the spraying distance on the values of operational characteristics of the formed plasma coatings on Al2O3–TiO2–Ni–Cr–Al–Y–Ta has been studied. The obtained results of controlling the phase composition of coatings by varying the chemical composition of powder materials are presented. In the process of deposition, the differences in the phase composition of the formed material are the more significant, the more inhomogeneous the distribution of elements in the initial powder material. Tests have been carried out for cyclic testing in an oven at a maximum temperature within 1300 °C of heat-shielding coatings to determine their heat resistance. They proved the influence of the phase composition of the formed coatings on their ability to withstand high-temperature oxidation.. В работе с учетом состояния вопроса в области нанесения многослойных теплозащитных и износостойких покрытий обоснованы направления исследований. Задачами разработки являются: совершенствование порошковых материалов, содержащих частично стабилизированный оксидом иттрия диоксид циркония для плазменного нанесения теплозащитных покрытий; совершенствование порошковых материалов, содержащих оксидную керамику и сплавы на основе никеля для плазменного нанесения износостойких покрытий; отработка технологических параметров плазменного напыления и последующей обработки воздействиями на покрытие компрессионной плазмы; анализ качества полученных по оптимальной технологии защитных покрытий путем исследования их структуры и физико-механических свойств. Частицы ZrO2 – 7 % Y2O3 содержат преобладающую тетрагональную фазу Y0,15Zr0,85O0,93, моноклинную и кубическую фазы ZrO2, а композиция Al2O3–TiO2–Ni–Cr–Al–Y–Ta содержит способствующие ее износостойкости фазу Cr1,12Ni2,88 твердого раствора на основе никеля, фазы a-Al2O3, g-Al2O3, орторомбическую фазу оксида титана TiO2. Исследованы с последующей оптимизацией технологические параметры для процесса плазменного напыления многослойных теплозащитных и износостойких покрытий. Критериями оптимизации служили коэффициент использования напыляемого порошкового материала и структура покрытий. Исследовано влияние дистанции напыления на значения эксплуатационных характеристик сформированных плазменных покрытий на Al2O3–TiO2–Ni–Cr–Al–Y–Ta. Приведены полученные результаты регулирования фазового состава покрытий с помощью варьирования химического состава порошковых материалов, отличия в фазовом составе сформированного материала тем значительнее, чем более неоднородно распределение элементов в исходном порошковом материале. Проведены испытания на циклическое тестирование в печи при максимальной температуре в пределах 1300 °C теплозащитных покрытий для выявления их термостойкости. Они доказали влияние фазового состава сформированных покрытий на их способность противостоять высокотемпературному окислению.

Selenoether oxytocin analogues have analgesic properties in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain

Poor oral availability and susceptibility to reduction and protease degradation is a major hurdle in peptide drug development. However, drugable receptors in the gut present an attractive niche for peptide therapeutics. Here we demonstrate, in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain, that oxytocin receptors are significantly upregulated in nociceptors innervating the colon. Correspondingly, we develop chemical strategies to engineer non-reducible and therefore more stable oxytocin analogues. Chemoselective selenide macrocyclization yields stabilized analogues equipotent to native oxytocin. Ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance structural analysis of native oxytocin and the seleno-oxytocin derivatives reveals that oxytocin has a pre-organized structure in solution, in marked contrast to earlier X-ray crystallography studies. Finally, we show that these seleno-oxytocin analogues potently inhibit colonic nociceptors both in vitro and in vivo in mice with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Our findings have potentially important implications for clinical use of oxytocin analogues and disulphide-rich peptides in general

De novo Assembly of a 40 Mb Eukaryotic Genome from Short Sequence Reads: Sordaria macrospora, a Model Organism for Fungal Morphogenesis

Filamentous fungi are of great importance in ecology, agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. Thus, it is not surprising that genomes for more than 100 filamentous fungi have been sequenced, most of them by Sanger sequencing. While next-generation sequencing techniques have revolutionized genome resequencing, e.g. for strain comparisons, genetic mapping, or transcriptome and ChIP analyses, de novo assembly of eukaryotic genomes still presents significant hurdles, because of their large size and stretches of repetitive sequences. Filamentous fungi contain few repetitive regions in their 30–90 Mb genomes and thus are suitable candidates to test de novo genome assembly from short sequence reads. Here, we present a high-quality draft sequence of the Sordaria macrospora genome that was obtained by a combination of Illumina/Solexa and Roche/454 sequencing. Paired-end Solexa sequencing of genomic DNA to 85-fold coverage and an additional 10-fold coverage by single-end 454 sequencing resulted in ∼4 Gb of DNA sequence. Reads were assembled to a 40 Mb draft version (N50 of 117 kb) with the Velvet assembler. Comparative analysis with Neurospora genomes increased the N50 to 498 kb. The S. macrospora genome contains even fewer repeat regions than its closest sequenced relative, Neurospora crassa. Comparison with genomes of other fungi showed that S. macrospora, a model organism for morphogenesis and meiosis, harbors duplications of several genes involved in self/nonself-recognition. Furthermore, S. macrospora contains more polyketide biosynthesis genes than N. crassa. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that some of these genes may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from a distantly related ascomycete group. Our study shows that, for typical filamentous fungi, de novo assembly of genomes from short sequence reads alone is feasible, that a mixture of Solexa and 454 sequencing substantially improves the assembly, and that the resulting data can be used for comparative studies to address basic questions of fungal biology

Mycorrhization of fagaceae forests within mediterranean ecosystems

Mediterranean Fagaceae forests are valuable due to their ecological and socioeconomic aspects. Some profitable plant species, such as Castanea (timber and chestnut), Quercus (timber and cork), and Fagus (timber), encounter in this habitat the excellent edaphoclimatic conditions to develop. All Fagaceae plants are commonly associated to ECM fungal species, which are found in these forests in quite stable communities, mainly enriched in Russulaceae and Telephoraceae species. Currently, the Mediterranean Basin is considered as one of the global biodiversity hotspots, since many of their endemic plant species are not found elsewhere and are now under threat. Due to climate changing and introduction of disease agents, Fagaceae forests are facing an adaptation challenge to both biotic and abiotic threats. Although ECM communities are highly disturbed by climate factors and tree disease incidence, they could play an important role in increasing water availability to the plant and also improving plant tree defense against pathogens. Recent advances, namely, on genomics and transcriptomics, are providing tools for increasing the understanding of Fagaceae mycorrhization process and stress responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Such studies can provide new information for the implementation of the most adequate management policies for protecting threaten Mediterranean forests.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio