Особенности и последствия импортозамещения в России

The article discusses the features of the import substitution policy and reveals both positive and negative effects on food self-sufficiency of the population of Russia in the sanctions period. The study identified the direct effect of economic sanctions and imposed embargoes (loss of income, rise in prices for food products, reduction in the food basket), as well as the attitude of the population to the policy of food import substitution. The results of the sociological survey in the form of a volunteer survey of the population on the example of a particular region by the method of handout questionnaire are presented. It is concluded that a reorientation to the consumption of domestic food items occurred in the region while reducing the consumption of certain food items.El artículo analiza las características de la política de sustitución de importaciones e identifica consecuencias positivas y negativas para la autosuficiencia alimentaria de la población Rusa durante el período de las sanciones. El estudio reveló el impacto directo de las sanciones económicas y los embargos (pérdida de ingresos, aumento de los precios de los alimentos, reducción de la canasta de alimentos), así como las actitudes públicas hacia la política de sustitución de importaciones de alimentos. Presenta los resultados de una encuesta sociológica en forma de una encuesta voluntaria a la población sobre el ejemplo de una región específica por el método de distribución de cuestionarios. Se concluye que la región se ha desplazado al consumo de alimentos domésticos al tiempo que reduce el consumo de ciertos alimentos.В статье рассматриваются особенности политики импортозамещения и выявляются как положительные, так и отрицательные последствия для продовольственной самообеспеченности населения России в период санкций. В исследовании было выявлено прямое влияние экономических санкций и введенных эмбарго (потеря доходов, рост цен на продукты питания, сокращение продовольственной корзины), а также отношение населения к политике импортозамещения продовольствия. Представлены результаты социологического опроса в виде волонтерского опроса населения на примере конкретного региона методом раздаточного анкетирования. Сделан вывод о том, что в регионе произошла переориентация на потребление внутренних продуктов питания при одновременном сокращении потребления определенных продуктов питания

Cytotoxicity of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Encoded with Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are promising carriers of drugs and diagnostic agents for designing targeted and controlled delivery systems design. The use of quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent labels in bioimaging is a promising approach to bioimaging tool development. The potential toxicity of QDs makes their applicability as fluorescent labels in vivo questionable. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of polyelectrolyte microcapsules encoded with semiconductor nanocrystals has been investigated. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte microcapsules, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, theranostic agents

A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays

Background: A wide range of nanoparticles (NPs), composed of different elements and their compounds, are being developed by several groups as possible radiosensitisers, with some already in clinical trials. However, no systematic experimental survey of the clinical X-ray radiosensitising potential of different element nanoparticles has been made. Here, we directly compare the irradiation-induced (10 Gy of 6-MV X-ray photon) production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions of the following metal oxide nanoparticles: Al2O3, SiO2, Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe3O4, CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO2, MoO3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and HfO2. We also examine DNA damage due to these NPs in unirradiated and irradiated conditions. Results: Without any X-rays, several NPs produced more radicals than water alone. Thus, V2O5 NPs produced around 5-times more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. MnO2 NPs produced around 10-times more superoxide anions and Tb4O7 produced around 3-times more singlet oxygen. Lanthanides produce fewer hydroxyl radicals than water. Following irradiation, V2O5 NPs produced nearly 10-times more hydroxyl radicals than water. Changes in radical concentrations were determined by subtracting unirradiated values from irradiated values. These were then compared with irradiation-induced changes in water only. Irradiation-specific increases in hydroxyl radical were seen with most NPs, but these were only significantly above the values of water for V2O5, while the Lanthanides showed irradiation-specific decreases in hydroxyl radical, compared to water. Only TiO2 showed a trend of irradiation-specific increase in superoxides, while V2O5, MnO2, CoO, CuO, MoO3 and Tb4O7 all demonstrated significant irradiation-specific decreases in superoxide, compared to water. No irradiation-specific increases in singlet oxygen were seen, but V2O5, NiO, CuO, MoO3 and the lanthanides demonstrated irradiation-specific decreases in singlet oxygen, compared to water. MoO3 and CuO produced DNA damage in the absence of radiation, while the highest irradiation-specific DNA damage was observed with CuO. In contrast, MnO2, Fe3O4 and CoO were slightly protective against irradiation-induced DNA damage. Conclusions: Beyond identifying promising metal oxide NP radiosensitisers and radioprotectors, our broad comparisons reveal unexpected differences that suggest the surface chemistry of NP radiosensitisers is an important criterion for their success

USE OF SIBUTRAMIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS AND ANOREXIC DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (REVIEW)

Background. The most effective anorexic drugs on the pharmaceutical market are sibutramine. According to the standard scheme, sibutramine is similar to amphetamine. The active metabolites of sibutramine, formed in the process of its metabolism, have high pharmacological activity compared with the original substances, so the drug may be toxic to the body. Sibutramine is used in the complex treatment of obesity, when adjusting excess body weight in type II diabetes, and also used in polycystic ovary syndrome. The drug has many serious undesirable side effects, such as an increase in systolic and / or diastolic pressure and heart rate; headaches, insomnia, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and can cause death. In many countries of the world a wide range of serious side effects has been banned.Text. A description of the drug sibutramine, its status on the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation and other countries of the world, an overview of possible methods for determining sibutramine in food supplements.Conclusion. Recently, information about the undeclared addition of sibutramine to the anorexigenic dietary supplement (dietary supplement) to increase their effectiveness has increasingly appeared. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for determining sibutramine in anorexic dietary supplements. In this regard, an analysis of the methods used for the quantitative determination of sibutramine. As a rule, spectral methods are used to determine the authenticity of a sibutramine substance. The most common and effective method for determining authenticity and quantitative analysis of sibutramine is the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method using mass spectrometric and diode array detectors (DAD). At the moment, a method for determining sibutramine in the composition of multicomponent drugs and dietary supplements to food of anorexigenic action is being developed, which will contribute to the development of pharmacy

Stability and gas sensing properties of Ta2X3M8 (X = Pd, Pt; M = S, Se) nanoribbons: a first-principles investigation

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала

Development and Validation of Sibutramine Determination in Drug Products by Capillary Electrophoresis

Introduction. Recently, there has been a growing trend in the number of obese and overweight patients. To date, sibutramine is the most effective drug for treating obesity and overweight. The drug is an inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which leads to a decrease in hunger, and therefore, to weight loss.Aim. To develop and validate a methodology for the determination of sibutramine in drugs by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using an ultraviolet diode array detector.Materials and methods. Quantitative determination of sibutramine in drugs was carried out using the CE method with an ultraviolet diode array detector. A solution of phosphate buffer 50 mmol pH = 7.0 was used as a solvent and working electrolyte; to separate the peaks – quartz capillary 56 cm, 50 μm.Results and discussion. The developed method was validated according to the following parameters: specificity, linearity, correctness, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification.Conclusion. A method for the quantitative determination of sibutramine in drugs by the CE method using an ultraviolet diode array detector has been developed and validated. This method meets all the requirements of General Pharmacopoeia Monograph 1.1.0012.15 «Validation of the analytical method» and can be used to control the quality of drugs, the active pharmaceutical substance of which is sibutramine

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A 240 MeV SUPERFERRIC SEPARATED ORBIT CYCLOTRON *

Abstract A conceptual design of the Separated Orbit Cyclotron (SOC) for the proton energy of 240 MeV based on the use of superferric magnets (dipoles and quadrupoles) is presented. Superconducting RF cavities are used as well. The beam intensity is determined by, but not limited to the 500µA available from the IBA "Cyclone-30" cyclotron to be used as the 30MeV injector. The electrical power draw of the helium refrigerator is 250kW