Exergetic analysis of the biogas plant based on waste livestock waste BGU-100

As a result of the exergy analysis of the BSU-100, the weakest, from the point of view of effectiveness, links were identified and ways of improving the process were suggested. The exergic efficiency is more revealing than the energy efficiency, since it takes into account both the properties of the system itself and the environment. When the BSU-100 operates under all favorable conditions, thermal efficiency reaches 0.91.В результате эксергетического анализа БГУ-100 были выявлены наиболее слабые, с точки зрения эффективности, звенья и предложены пути усовершенствования процесса. Эксергетический коэффициент полезного действия, более показателен, чем энергетический, так как учитывает, как свойства самой системы, так и окружающей среды. При работе БГУ-100 при всех благоприятных условиях тепловой коэффициент полезного действия может достигнуть 0,91

Improving the efficiency of processing of the substrate using Wisesoil device

One of the trends in the development of bioenergy today is to find the most optimal pretreatment methods to increase the yield of biogas. The article examines basic methods of pre-treatment of the substrate, and their effectiveness. Additionally, this article lists test results of the device of preliminary preparation of raw materials, developed by Wisesoil.Одной из тенденций развития биоэнергетики сегодня является поиск оптимальных методов предварительной обработки сырья, для увеличения выхода биогаза. В статье рассматривается принцип действия и результаты испытаний устройства предварительной подготовки сырья, разрабатываемого компанией Wisesoil

Exergetic balance of biogas plant BGU-100

The exergic efficiency of a biogas plant based on animal waste of BGU-100 is analyzed. It is established that only an energy analysis is not sufficient to determine the efficiency of an installation. As a result of the exergic analysis based on the thermodynamic function, taking into account both the properties of the system itself and the environment, ways of improving the work of the BSU have been revealed and an exergetic balance has been drawn up.В работе изложен эксергетический анализ работы биогазовой установки на основе отходов животноводства БГУ-100. Установлено, что для определения эффективности установки проведение только энергетического анализа не достаточно. В результате эксергетического анализа, основанного на термодинамической функции, учитывающей как свойства самой системы, так и окружающей среды, выявлены пути совершенствования работы БГУ и составлен эксергетичекий баланс

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS HIERARCHY

This article studied the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of hierarchies and made the analysis of the existing hierarchy

Screening of cosmological constant for De Sitter Universe in non-local gravity, phantom-divide crossing and finite-time future singularities

We investigate de Sitter solutions in non-local gravity as well as in non-local gravity with Lagrange constraint multiplier. We examine a condition to avoid a ghost and discuss a screening scenario for a cosmological constant in de Sitter solutions. Furthermore, we explicitly demonstrate that three types of the finite-time future singularities can occur in non-local gravity and explore their properties. In addition, we evaluate the effective equation of state for the universe and show that the late-time accelerating universe may be effectively the quintessence, cosmological constant or phantom-like phases. In particular, it is found that there is a case in which a crossing of the phantom divide from the non-phantom (quintessence) phase to the phantom one can be realized when a finite-time future singularity occurs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the addition of an $R^2$ term can cure the finite-time future singularities in non-local gravity. It is also suggested that in the framework of non-local gravity, adding an $R^2$ term leads to possible unification of the early-time inflation with the late-time cosmic acceleration.Comment: 42 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Neutron Majorana mass from exotic instantons

We show how a Majorana mass for the Neutron could result from non-perturbative quantum gravity effects peculiar to string theory. In particular, "exotic instantons" in un-oriented string compactifications with D-branes extending the (supersymmetric) standard model could indirectly produce an effective operator delta{m} n^t n+h.c. In a specific model with an extra vector-like pair of `quarks', acquiring a large mass proportional to the string mass scale (exponentially suppressed by a function of the string moduli fields), delta{m} can turn out to be as low as 10^{-24}-10^{-25} eV. The induced neutron-antineutron oscillations could take place with a time scale tau_{n\bar{n}} > 10^8 s, that could be tested by the next generation of experiments. On the other hand, proton decay and FCNC's are automatically strongly suppressed and are compatible with the current experimental limits. Depending on the number of brane intersections, the model may also lead to the generation of Majorana masses for R-handed neutrini. Our proposal could also suggest neutron-neutralino or neutron-axino oscillations, with implications in UCN, Dark Matter Direct Detection, UHECR and Neutron-Antineutron oscillations. This suggests to improve the limits on neutron-antineutron oscillations, as a possible test of string theory and quantum gravity.Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures. More comments on neutron-neutralino mixin

Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate coordinates actin-mediated mobilization and translocation of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells

ORP5 and ORP8, members of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORP) family, are endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins implicated in lipid trafficking. ORP5 and ORP8 are reported to localize to endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions via binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), and act as a PtdIns(4)P/phosphatidylserine counter exchanger between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Here we provide evidence that the pleckstrin homology domain of ORP5/8 via PtdIns(4,5)P 2, and not PtdIns(4)P binding mediates the recruitment of ORP5/8 to endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites. The OSBP-related domain of ORP8 can extract and transport multiple phosphoinositides in vitro, and knocking down both ORP5 and ORP8 in cells increases the plasma membrane level of PtdIns(4,5)P 2 with little effect on PtdIns(4)P. Overall, our data show, for the first time, that phosphoinositides other than PtdIns(4)P can also serve as co-exchangers for the transport of cargo lipids by ORPs.ORP5/8 are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins implicated in lipid trafficking that localize to ER-plasma membrane (PM) contacts and maintain membrane homeostasis. Here the authors show that PtdIns(4,5)P 2 plays a critical role in the targeting and function of ORP5/8 at the PM

Proteomic Modeling for HIV-1 Infected Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk

Background: HIV-1-infected and immune competent brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; macrophages and microglia) secrete cellular and viral toxins that affect neuronal damage during advanced disease. In contrast, astrocytes can affect disease by modulating the nervous system’s microenvironment. Interestingly, little is known how astrocytes communicate with MP to influence disease. Methods and Findings: MP-astrocyte crosstalk was investigated by a proteomic platform analysis using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped HIV infected murine microglia. The microglial-astrocyte dialogue was significant and affected microglial cytoskeleton by modulation of cell death and migratory pathways. These were mediated, in part, through F-actin polymerization and filament formation. Astrocyte secretions attenuated HIV-1 infected microglia neurotoxicity and viral growth linked to the regulation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions: These observations provide unique insights into glial crosstalk during disease by supporting astrocytemediated regulation of microglial function and its influence on the onset and progression of neuroAIDS. The results open new insights into previously undisclosed pathogenic mechanisms and open the potential for biomarker discovery an