Optimasi Parameter Permesinan Terhadap Waktu Proses Pada Pemrograman Cnc Milling Dengan Berbasis Cad/cam

The milling process is one of many machining processes for manufacturing component. The length of time in the process of milling machining is influenced by selection and design of machining parameters including cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The purpose of this study to know the influence of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut as independent variables versus operation time at CNC milling process as dependent variables. Each independent variable consists of three level of factors; low, medium and high.Time machining process is measured from operation time simulation program, feed cut length and rapid traverse length. The results of statistically from software simulation MasterCam X Milling, then do the comparison to CNC Milling machine.  The data from experiments was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Regression methods by software Minitab 16.Results show that the greater feed rate and depth of cut shorten the operation time of machinery, whereas cutting speed is not a significant influence. The depth of cut has the highest contribution to the value of 49.56%, followed by feed rate 43% and cutting speed 0.92%. Optimal time of machining process total is 71.92 minutes, with machining parameter on the condition cutting speed is 75360 mm/minutes, the feed rate is 800 mm/minutes and depth of cut = 1 mm. Results of comparison time machining process in software Mastercam X milling with CNC Milling machine indicates there is the difference not significant with the value of 0,35%

Transfert d’eau dans le système sol - plante

Des études sur le terrain mettent en évidence une différence de potentiel hydrique élevée entre la nappe aquifère et la plante ( — 8 > A xi> > — 20 bars) quand la transpiration est très faible. La valeur de cette différence dépend de la profondeur de la nappe aquifère et du profil d’enracinement. Or, on admet en général que lorsque la transpiration est voisine de zéro, le potentiel de la plante tend vers une valeur voisine du potentiel dans la rhizosphère et que par conséquent toute différence entre la nappe et la plante correspond à la différence entre nappe et rhizosphère et non entre rhizosphère et plante. Cependant, des résultats obtenus sur Salicornia patula Duv- Jouve cultivée à différentes salinités — de — 1 à — 25 bars — montrent que dans la plupart des cas existe une différence de potentiel hydrique entre la plante et la solution nutritive. Ceci semble donc indiquer qu’une partie de la chute de potentiel observée sur le terrain est due non seulement à des caractéristiques du sol et du profil racinaire mais également de caractéristiques physiologiques du végétal qui amènent celui-ci à maintenir, même en conditions de non-transpiration, une chute de potentiel entre la plante et la rhizosphère.Field measurements have shown an important water potential difference between the water table and plants ( 8 > A ^ > — 20 bars), when the transpiration is very low. The range of this difference depends on the depth of the water table and the root density profile. Under conditions of very low transpiration, plant water potential is quite likely close to that of the root zone. The difference in water potential between the plants and the water table is thought to correspond to a difference between the water table and the rhizosphere, and not between the rhizosphere and the plants themselves. Laboratory experiments carried out with Salicornia patula Duv.-Jouve grown in different nutrient solutions (from — 1 to — 25 bars) have shown that in many cases there is a large water potential difference between the plants and the nutrient solutions. Such a difference suggests that part of the water potential drop occuring in field conditions is a result not only of soil and root profile parameters, but also of other plant functions that, in the absence of transpiration, maintain a water potential drop between the plant and the rhizosphere

Pre- and Post-Fire Strength Assessment of Ferrocement beams

The results of an experimental investigation on the behavior of ferrocement beams after exposed to fire are presented in this paper. Different types of steel meshes are used compared with conventional reinforcement. The experimental program comprised casting and testing of eighteen beams having the dimensions of 100mm×100mm×1000mm. Three beams were reinforced as a conventional reinforcement. Each control beam was reinforced with two steel bars of diameter 8 mm in tension, two steel bar of diameter 6mm in compression and stirrups of 6 mm diameter placed at 200 mm intervals. The ferrocement beams were reinforced with steel meshes without any stirrups. Two types of steel meshes were used to reinforce the ferrocement laminate. These types are: square welded wire fabric, and expanded wire mesh. Single layer, double layers and three layers of square welded wire mesh were employed. Single layer and double layers of expanded wire mesh were employed. The experimental program was classified into three groups. First group was tested without exposure to fire, the second group was tested after exposure to fire for six hours and the last group was tested after exposure to fire under loading. All specimens were tested under 4-points flexural loadings. The performance of the test beams in terms of strength, stiffness, cracking behavior and energy absorption was investigated. The results showed that high serviceability and ultimate loads, crack resistance control, and better deformation characteristics could be achieved by using the proposed ferrocement forms

MISA (Minimally Invasive Surfactant Administration) Versus Insure (Intubation, Surfactant, Extubation) In Preterms Less Than 34 Weeks With RDS

Background: Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) or what is known as surfactant deficiency disorder is a syndrome that affects premature infants who are born prematurely and is caused by a developmental deficiency in the production of pulmonary surfactant or as it is called immature formation of the lungs, or as a result of a defect in the protein gene that forms pulmonary surfactant. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is the first technique for respiratory therapy while MISA and InSurE are both the most commonly used in RDS. Objective: To compare the use of the MISA method and the InSurE method in the treatment of premature infants less than 34 weeks of gestational age with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Patients and methods: The sample size was 70 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks with RDS. 35 newborn were enrolled in each group. First group received surfactant via MIST technique and the other 35 newborn received it via InSurE technique. Infants in the InSurE group required intubation, according to previous collected data from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) center. Results: After the injection of surfactant, the 13 (37%) infants needed another dose in the MIST group, while only 3 (8.57%) infants in the InSurE group needed a second dose of the same substance. Accordingly, the response of the MIST group was shown to be a less improvement than the InSurE group in the child's breathing methods. Conclusion: The MIST method was the most successful with a rate of 96.5% in terms of time and the child's response to treatment, and the researcher recommended that the reasons for the effectiveness of MISA in treating RDS should be studied. However duration of invasive mechanical ventilation were higher in MIST group than InSurE group

Noise Effects on a Proposed Algorithm for Signal Reconstruction and Bandwidth Optimization

The development of wireless technology in recent years has increased the demand for channel resources within a limited spectrum. The system\u27s performance can be improved through bandwidth optimization, as the spectrum is a scarce resource. To reconstruct the signal, given incomplete knowledge about the original signal, signal reconstruction algorithms are needed. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for reducing the effect of adding additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) using a noise reject filter (NRF) on a previously discussed algorithm for baseband signal transmission and reconstruction that can reconstruct most of the signal’s energy without any need to send most of the signal’s concentrated power like the conventional methods, thus achieving bandwidth optimization. The proposed scheme for noise reduction was tested for a pulse signal and stream of pulses with different rates (2, 4, 6, and 8 Mbps) and showed good reconstruction performance in terms of the normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and achieved an average enhancement of around 48%. The proposed schemes for signal reconstruction and noise reduction can be applied to different applications, such as ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, mobile communication networks, and radar systems

Characterization of a New Biotype Moringa of Saudi Arabia Using Rapd and Issr Markers

Moringa peregrina and M. oleifera are the only Moringa species found in Saudi Arabia. Both species are drought resistant and have very high nutritional and medicinal properties. Detection of genetic diversity is of great value for the improvement of nutritional and medicinal value of these plants. The aim of the present study was to characterize a new biotype Moringa observed in Al Bahah Region, Saudi Arabia. We used 11 RAPD and 15 ISSR primers to characterize and compare the new biotype with M. peregrina and M. oleifera. Level of polymorphism generated by each marker was calculated. We also calculate Nei and Li\u27s coefficient to measure the genetic distance between the studied species. Level of polymorphism generated by RAPD and ISSR was 46% and 57%, respectively. RAPD and ISSR primers revealed that the new biotype shared 55 amplicons (45.08%) with both M. peregrina and M. oleifera, 28 amplicons with M. peregrina (22.95%), 21 amplicons (17.21%) with M. oleifera, and displayed 18 unshared amplicons (14.75%). Based on RAPD data, genetic distance between M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.32, whereas genetic distance between the new biotype and M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.21 and 0.29, respectively. For ISSR data, genetic distance between M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.5, whereas genetic distance between the new biotype and M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.36 and 0.34, respectively. Based on these results we suggested that the new biotype is a hybrid crossbred between M. peregrina and M. oleifera

A Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Influence of FDM Parameters on Tensile Strength and Hardness of Parts Made of Polylactic Acid

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a rapid prototyping method, widely used in the manufacture of plastic parts with complex geometric shapes. The quality of the parts manufactured by this process depends on the plastic material used and the FDM parameters. In this context, this paper will present the results of a theoretical and experimental research on how FDM parameters influence the tensile strength and hardness of samples made of PLA (Polylactic Acid)

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ITRACONAZOLE PRONIOSOMES USING BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN

Objective: The aim of the present study was to obtain an optimized formula of itraconazole (ITC) proniosomes using Box Behnken design.Methods: Itraconazole proniosomes were prepared using span 60 and/or brij 35 as surfactants, cholesterol and lecithin as a penetration enhancer by slurry method. Various trials have been carried out for investigation of proniosomes. Parameters such as entrapment efficiency (EE%), in vitro drug release, zeta potential, vesicle size and Transmission Electron Microscope were assessed for evaluation of proniosomes.Results: Entrapment efficiency (EE%) was found to be between 78.56% and 95.46%. The release profile of itraconazole proniosomes occurred in two distinct phases, an initial phase for about 8 h, followed by a slow phase for 16 h. The release pattern shown by these formulations was Higuchi diffusion controlled mechanism. The zeta potential values for all itraconazole proniosomes were in the range of-21.71 to-34.53 mV which confirms their stability. All itraconazoleproniosomes formula was found to be nano-sized and were appeared to be spherical in shape with sharp boundaries. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) study showed that HLB (X1) had the main effects on most responses (Y).Conclusion: Box behnken design facilitates optimization of the formulation ingredients on entrapment efficiency, in vitro release of itraconazole proniosomes, zeta potential and vesicle size. Finally, an optimum level of factors was provided by the optimization process