Влияние пробиотиков на продолжительность осмо-секреторной диареи при острых кишечных инфекциях у детей

Nowadays acute gastroenteritis retains the leading infectious disorder in children, has viral etiology and osmosecretory type of diarrhea in the most cases. Probiotics are considered highly effective medicines as part of the complex gastroenteritis therapy in children. The choice of the probiotics is limited by strains with proven efficacy and complicated by a large range of commercially available probiotics. The aim of the comparative post-registration prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety the probiotic drug Adiarin Probio for treatment of osmosecretory diarrhea inpatient children. The study included 60 hospitalized children aged 6 months to 7 years. Results: the efficacy and safety as well as high adherence to the Adiarin Probio in children with osmosecretory diarrhea were confirmed.В современных условиях острые кишечные инфекции (ОКИ) сохраняют ведущие позиции в структуре инфекционной патологии детского возраста с преобладанием вирусной этиологии заболевания и осмо-секреторным типом диареи. Пробиотики в составе комплексной терапии гастроэнтеритов у детей считаются высокоэффективными средствами. Выбор препарата ограничивается штаммами с доказанной эффективностью и осложняется большим спектром пробиотических средств на фармацевтическом рынке. Целью проведенного сравнительного пострегистрационного проспективного исследования была оценка эффективности и безопасности применения пробиотического препарата Адиарин Пробио при осмо-секреторных диареях у детей в условиях стационара. В исследование включено 60 госпитализированных детей в возрасте от 6 мес. до 7 лет. В результате подтверждена эффективность и безопасность Адиарин Пробио при осмо-секреторных диареях у детей, а также высокая приверженность к препарату

Secretory phospholipase A2: a biomarker of inflammation in autoimmune, bacterial and viral diseases

Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) represent a large superfamily of enzymes with a molecular weight of 14-19 kDa, including 15 groups and more than 30 isoforms belonging to four types: secretory (sPLA2), cytosolic (cPLA2), calcium-independent (iPLA2) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2, PAF-AH). Eleven species of secretory sPLA2s (IB, IIA, IIC, IID, IIE, IIF, III, V, X, XIIA, and XIIB) have been found in mammals, performing versatile functions and participating in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. On the one hand, sPLA2 may promote elimination of damaged, apoptotic cells by hydrolyzing membrane phospholipids, and exerts a strong bactericidal and antiviral properties, including pronounced effects against antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. In this regard, the use of sPLA2 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, due to the action of sPLA2 on its substrates, a number of biologically active molecules (arachidonic, lysophosphatidic acids, lysophospholipids, fatty acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes) are formed, which provide strong inflammatory, detergent, coagulating effects and increase vascular permeability. This pro-inflammatory role of sPLA2 may explain its increase levels and activity in cardiovascular, respiratory, autoimmune, metabolic, oncological, bacterial and viral disorders. The review article presents a classification of sPLA2 isoforms, their substrates, regulatory factors, biological significance, and mechanisms of their strong bactericidal, virucidal, and pro-inflammatory activity in the heart and lung disorders, autoimmune, metabolic, bacterial, and viral diseases. In particular, the mechanisms of the selective action of sPLA2 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms are discussed. We consider diagnostic and prognostic significance, correlations between elevated levels and activity of sPLA2 and distinct clinical symptoms, severity and outcome in the patients with coronary heart disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), atherosclerosis, acute inflammatory lung injury (ALI), respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, bacterial infections, septicemia and viral (COVID-19) infections. The opportunity of using sPLA2 as a biomarker of the severity and outcome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bacterial infections, sepsis and viral infections, including COVID-19, is also considered

Generation and transport of a low energy intense ion beam

The paper describes experiments on the generation and transport of a low energy (70-120 keV), high intensity (10-30 A/cm(2)) microsecond duration H+ ion beam (IB) in vacuum and plasma. The IB was generated in a magnetically insulated diode (MID) with an applied radial B field and an active hydrogen-puff ion source. The annular IB, with an initial density of j(i)similar to10-20 A/cm(2) at the anode surface, was ballistically focused to a current density in the focal plane of 50-80 A/cm(2). The postcathode collimation and transport of the converging IB were provided by the combination of a "concave" toroidal magnetic lens followed by a straight transport solenoid section. With optimized MID parameters and magnetic fields in the lens/solenoid system, the overall efficiency of IB transport at the exit of the solenoid 1 m from the anode was similar to 50% with an IB current density of 20 A/cm(2). Two-dimensional computer simulations of post-MID IB transport supported the optimization of system parameters. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics

WORKING OUT QUALITY STANDARDS OF MODEL COMPOSITION SAMPLES OF GRANULATED DOSAGE FORM WITH GLUTATHIONE RESTORED

Biologically active sulfur-containing compounds (BASC) exhibit pronounced antioxidant properties. Glutathione reduced (GSH) occupies a particular position among these compounds. It represents a key link in the 3 antioxidant systems of the body from the existing four. Based on the foregoing, a GSH-based dosage form with antioxidant properties was proposed. The aim of this study is to work out a model granulated dosage form based on GSH and methods of its analysis by means of pre-column derivatization with ortho-phthalic aldehyde.Materials and methods. GSH and granulated dosage form based on GSH obtained by wet granulation were used as the object of the study. Quantitative evaluation of GSH content in the obtained granules was carried out using pre-column derivatization by the method of reversed-phase high-performance chromatography (RP HPLC). Ortho-phthalic aldehyde was used as a derivatizing agent. A diode-array detector was used to detect the resulting derivative. Ortho-phthalic aldehyde was used as a derivatizing agent. A diode-matrix detector was used to find out the resulting derivative.Results. In the course of the work, a model dosage form was created – granules based on GSH. By reference to the recommendations on the dosage of the drug, the concentration of the active substance was selected. Lactose was chosen as an auxiliary component. Physical and technological characteristics of a model sample of granules with GSH and lactose as a filler were studied. A method of quantitative determination of GSH in granules using pre-column derivatization with ortho-phthalic aldehyde was developed and validated by HPLC. The method of quantitative determination of GSH in granules with the use of pre-column derivatization by ortho-phthalic aldehyde by HPLC was developed and validated.Conclusion. The developed granulated dosage form meets the requirements given in the pharmacopoeial item “Granules” according to the analyzed indicators. Using the validation evaluation it was established, that the developed methods for the quantitative determination of GSH in granules is correct, precise and specific

Recoverin and rhodopsin kinase activity in detergent-resistant membrane rafts from rod outer segments

Cholesterol-rich membranes or detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) have recently been isolated from bovine rod outer segments and were shown to contain several signaling proteins such as, for example, transducin and its effector, cGMP-phosphodiesterase PDE6. Here we report the presence of rhodopsin kinase and recoverin in DRMs that were isolated in either light or dark conditions at high and low Ca2+ concentrations. Inhibition of rhodopsin kinase activity by recoverin was more effective in DRMs than in the initial rod outer segment membranes. Furthermore, the Ca2+ sensitivity of rhodopsin kinase inhibition in DRMs was shifted to lower free Ca2+ concentration in comparison with the initial rod outer segment membranes (IC50=0.76 microm in DRMs and 1.91 microm in rod outer segments). We relate this effect to the high cholesterol content of DRMs because manipulating the cholesterol content of rod outer segment membranes by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin yielded a similar shift of the Ca2+-dependent dose-response curve of rhodopsin kinase inhibition. Furthermore, a high cholesterol content in the membranes also increased the ratio of the membrane-bound form of recoverin to its cytoplasmic free form. These data suggest that the Ca2+-dependent feedback loop that involves recoverin is spatially heterogeneous in the rod cell

Generation and transport of a low energy intense ion beam

The paper describes experiments on the generation and transport of a low energy (70-120 keV), high intensity (10-30 A/cm(2)) microsecond duration H+ ion beam (IB) in vacuum and plasma. The IB was generated in a magnetically insulated diode (MID) with an applied radial B field and an active hydrogen-puff ion source. The annular IB, with an initial density of j(i)similar to10-20 A/cm(2) at the anode surface, was ballistically focused to a current density in the focal plane of 50-80 A/cm(2). The postcathode collimation and transport of the converging IB were provided by the combination of a "concave" toroidal magnetic lens followed by a straight transport solenoid section. With optimized MID parameters and magnetic fields in the lens/solenoid system, the overall efficiency of IB transport at the exit of the solenoid 1 m from the anode was similar to 50% with an IB current density of 20 A/cm(2). Two-dimensional computer simulations of post-MID IB transport supported the optimization of system parameters. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics

THE RATE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND COMORBIDITIES IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT: DATA OF A MULTICENTER TRIAL

Objective: to study the rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among gout patients in different regions of the Russian Federation. Subjects and methods. This cross-sectional multicenter study enrolled 2277 gout patients, including 1963 (86.2%) men and 314 (13.8%) women, from 12 independent medical centers in different regions of the Russian Federation. The patients over 18 years of age who met the classification criteria for gout, elaborated by S. Wallace et al., were included. The diagnosis of MS was established on the basis of Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. The presence of MS, its individual components and comorbidities were recorded. Results. The total rate of MS in the patients with gout was 57%; however, it varied substantially (from 15 to 77%) in different centers. Among the comorbidities, arterial hypertension was most common (in three fourths of the patients), coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus were less common (43 and 25%, respectively); 15% of the patients had sustained myocardial infarction, renal and cardiac failure was also observed in 15%. In the gout patients, MS was associated with the presence of CHD. Conclusion. The patients with gout were observed to have a high rate of MS (57%), its components, and cardiovascular diseases. The findings suggest that there is a relationship between the presence of MS and the development of CHD