Landau damping in thin films irradiated by a strong laser field

The rate of linear collisionless damping (Landau damping) in a classical electron gas confined to a heated ionized thin film is calculated. The general expression for the imaginary part of the dielectric tensor in terms of the parameters of the single-particle self-consistent electron potential is obtained. For the case of a deep rectangular well, it is explicitly calculated as a function of the electron temperature in the two limiting cases of specular and diffuse reflection of the electrons from the boundary of the self-consistent potential. For realistic experimental parameters, the contribution of Landau damping to the heating of the electron subsystem is estimated. It is shown that for films with a thickness below about 100 nm and for moderate laser intensities it may be comparable with or even dominate over electron-ion collisions and inner ionization.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure

The effect of nonlinearity in CO2 heating rates on the attribution of stratospheric ozone and temperature changes

An analysis of the attribution of past and future changes in stratospheric ozone and temperature to anthropogenic forcings is presented. The analysis is an extension of the study of Shepherd and Jonsson (2008) who analyzed chemistry-climate simulations from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) and attributed both past and future changes to changes in the external forcings, i.e. the abundances of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and well-mixed greenhouse gases. The current study is based on a new CMAM dataset and includes two important changes. First, we account for the nonlinear radiative response to changes in CO2. It is shown that over centennial time scales the radiative response in the upper stratosphere to CO2 changes is significantly nonlinear and that failure to account for this effect leads to a significant error in the attribution. To our knowledge this nonlinearity has not been considered before in attribution analysis, including multiple linear regression studies. For the regression analysis presented here the nonlinearity was taken into account by using CO2 heating rate, rather than CO2 abundance, as the explanatory variable. This approach yields considerable corrections to the results of the previous study and can be recommended to other researchers. Second, an error in the way the CO2 forcing changes are implemented in the CMAM was corrected, which significantly affects the results for the recent past. As the radiation scheme, based on Fomichev et al. (1998), is used in several other models we provide some description of the problem and how it was fixed

Investigation converter circuit "voltage-current" for power calibrator

The paper presents alternative circuits for voltage-current converters to be used in the calibrator of fictitious power. The experimental studies have revealed a number of problems related to the stability of the system in deep feedback and zero level stabilization of the amplifier. The circuit solutions given in the article allow elimination of these problems and improve the accuracy of calibrator current calibration. For example, correction/corrective circuits are used to ensure the stability of the converter at deep depths of the feedback, and operational amplifier based circuit solution and compensation condition are proposed to reduce the additional phase shift. To improve the accuracy of the calibration current values specified by the calibrator we propose to connect the feedback circuit to the measuring current transformer. However, further improvement of the accuracy class of the power calibrator is impossible without modern electronic components

Comparative analysis of taxation for special economic zones in Russia and APEC economies

The article is devoted to the analysis of taxation of special economic zones, since special economic zones have become a center of attention in Russia over the latest decades. As objects for the study, the authors selected special economic zones in Russia and the countries participating in the Forum of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC Forum). In the article the authors consider history, modern conditions and prospects for the development of special economic zones. The peculiarities of taxations on profits, organizations' property, transport, land, insurance contributions into the non-budget funds, as well as value-added taxation for the residents of the RF special economic zones are analyzed with regard to their types. The authors assess tax privileges and preferences for some taxes in the special economic zones in Russia and APEC member-countries are evaluated. The main problems of the taxation of the RF special economic zones are articulated together with the possible ways to solve them regarding the experience of APEC economies. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that to increase the effectiveness of special economic zones in Russia, it is necessary to expand the list of tax benefits to introduce a progressive scale of tax incentives, following the example of APEC countries and to improve legislation in the regulation of special economic zones.peer-reviewe

Response of the middle atmosphere to CO2 doubling: results from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model

The Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) has been used to examine the middle atmosphere response to CO2 doubling. The radiative-photochemical response induced by doubling CO2 alone and the response produced by changes in prescribed SSTs are found to be approximately additive, with the former effect dominating throughout the middle atmosphere. The paper discusses the overall response, with emphasis on the effects of SST changes, which allow a tropospheric response to the CO2 forcing. The overall response is a cooling of the middle atmosphere accompanied by significant increases in the ozone and water vapor abundances. The ozone radiative feedback occurs through both an increase in solar heating and a decrease in infrared cooling, with the latter accounting for up to 15% of the total effect. Changes in global mean water vapor cooling are negligible above ~30 hPa. Near the polar summer mesopause, the temperature response is weak and not statistically significant. The main effects of SST changes are a warmer troposphere, a warmer and higher tropopause, cell-like structures of heating and cooling at low and middlelatitudes in the middle atmosphere, warming in the summer mesosphere, water vapor increase throughout the domain, and O3 decrease in the lower tropical stratosphere. No noticeable change in upwardpropagating planetary wave activity in the extratropical winter–spring stratosphere and no significant temperature response in the polar winter–spring stratosphere have been detected. Increased upwelling in the tropical stratosphere has been found to be linked to changed wave driving at low latitudes

Three-body correlations in direct reactions: Example of 6^{6}Be populated in (p,n)(p,n) reaction

The $^{6}$Be continuum states were populated in the charge-exchange reaction $^1$H($^{6}$Li,$^{6}$Be)$n$ collecting very high statistics data ($\sim 5 \times 10^6$ events) on the three-body $\alpha$+$p$+$p$ correlations. The $^{6}$Be excitation energy region below $\sim 3$ MeV is considered, where the data are dominated by contributions from the $0^+$ and $2^+$ states. It is demonstrated how the high-statistics few-body correlation data can be used to extract detailed information on the reaction mechanism. Such a derivation is based on the fact that highly spin-aligned states are typically populated in the direct reactions.Comment: submitted to Physical Review

Technological support of sports and educational process of pupils on the basis of use Slavic historical and cultural values and traditions

В работе представлено содержание научно-исследовательского проекта, направленного на разработку педагогической технологии физического воспитания учащихся на основе использования славянских историко-культурных традиций. Актуальность подобного исследования обусловлена необходимостью гармонизации и интеграции духовно-нравственного и физического развития современных школьников.In work the contents of the research project directed on development of pedagogical technology of physical training of pupils on the basis of use of Slavic historical and cultural traditions are submitted. Relevance of similar research is caused by need of harmonization and integration of spiritual and moral and physical development of modern school student

10He low-lying states structure uncovered by correlations

The 0+ ground state of the 10He nucleus produced in the 3H(8He,p)10He reaction was found at about $2.1\pm0.2$ MeV (\Gamma ~ 2 MeV) above the three-body 8He+n+n breakup threshold. Angular correlations observed for 10He decay products show prominent interference patterns allowing to draw conclusions about the structure of low-energy excited states. We interpret the observed correlations as a coherent superposition of the broad 1- state having a maximum at energy 4-6 MeV and the 2+ state above 6 MeV, setting both on top of the 0+ state "tail". This anomalous level ordering indicates that the breakdown of the N=8 shell known in 12Be thus extends also to the 10He system.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure