Species of Fungi in the Root System of Woody Plants in Urban Plantations

The features of the species composition of microscopic fungi in the root system and rhizosphere soil of woody plants in connection with the level of soil contamination have not been studied sufficiently. This article presents the results of studying the species composition of fungi in the root system and soil of three species of woodyplants (Acer negundo L., Acer platanoides L., and Betula pendula Roth.) growing in urban plantations of various ecological categories with different levels of heavy metal soil contamination. The study was carried out in a large industrial center of the Urals region, Izhevsk. When studying the species composition of fungi, microscopyand molecular genetic analysis were used. Isolates of endotrophic fungi from the root system of plants were isolated, and systematic membership was determined by molecular genetic analysis. The results showed that in soils with a high level of contamination, the DNA of endotrophic mycorrhiza-forming fungi was found in theroots of woody plants in a good living state. Keywords: fungi, heavy metals, plantations, urban environment, resistanc

The activity of copper-containing enzymes in the birch leaves in the conditions of the built environment

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.In work dynamics of cupriferous enzymes in leaves of silver birch which is constant object of green construction in the anthropogenous environment is shown. Many researches indicate interrelation of adaptive opportunities of a vegetable organism and functioning of enzymatic system, including cupriferous enzymes of a poliphenoloxidaza and ascorbinatoxidaza. Activity of an ascorbinatoxidaza was determined by a method which is based on property of ascorbic acid to absorb light with a maximum at the wavelength of 265 nanometers. About activity of enzyme judged by reduction of size of optical density, considering that the oxidation level of ascorbic acid is proportional to amount of enzyme. Activity of a poliphenoloxidaza was determined by spectrotometric method which is based on measurement of optical density of products of reaction which are formed at oxidation of pyrocatechin for a certain period. During all vegetative period, plants in the conditions of the urban environment, had an increase in activity of a poliphenoloxidaza with achievement of the maximum value in August. In both years of observations (2014 and 2015) there was a decrease of the activity of an ascorbinatoxidaza in leaves during active vegetation of plants, and in the native habitat, on the contrary, its increase. The minimum values of activity of this enzyme are noted in August in the near-road plantings

Features of operation of the plant pigment system in a man-made environment

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The paper shows the dynamics of photosynthetic pigment content in the leaves of native and introduced species of woody plants within the urban environment conditions. Fine-leaved linden and pendent birch growing in the plantations of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises and at main planting the content of chlorophyll a and b is reduced during the growing season in comparison with the plantation plants of conditional control zones, but at the same time the content of carotenoids with antioxidant properties and a protective function is increased. Balsam poplar in main plantations has an increased content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in June, but then their decrease takes place. The representatives of maple genus had a significant decrease of chlorophyll a content in leaves throughout the observation period in the city plantations. Chlorophyll b content increase was observed in leaves of the aboriginal species-Norway maple-in main plantations at the beginning of active vegetation period in 2015, and among the plantations of sanitary protection zones and in industrial enterprises and in plantations in July 2014, compared with the plantings of conditional control zones, which indicate its participation in adaptive reactions. Ashleaved maple-an introduced species-is characterized by b chlorophyll content reduction during an active vegetation period, compared with the indicators of conditional control zone during the same interval. Besides, the leaves of maple species demonstrate carotenoid content increase in June

The reaction of woody plants to growing conditions in the man-made environment

© 2018 IAEME Publication. Copper containing enzymes, polyphenol oxidase and ascorbinate oxidase, contribute to plants adaptation to technogenic environmental conditions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pollution level in combination with habitat specifics on the activity of polyphenol oxidase and ascorbinate oxidase in leaves of woody plants. The authors identified common response of polyphenol oxidase activity in native species and specific response in introduced species to interrelation between pollution level (category or stand type related) and micro conditions of plants habitat. The rate of polyphenol oxidase activity in the leaves of introduced species was higher than in native species. Increased rate of polyphenol oxidase activity is the cells response to increase of demand in gases, caused by high content of dust particles and other pollutants that prevent normal gas exchange in leaves. Ascorbinate oxidase activity response to the complex of factors, related to plants stand type and habitat micro conditions, in introduced species of woody plants was common, unlike in the studied native species. The studied copper containing enzymes have different functions in the processes of plants adaptation response to technogenic stress

The impact of man-made environment on the ecological and biological characteristics of drooping birch

The article analyzes the data on characteristics of phenological phases of development, the content of ascorbic acid and tannins, and peroxidase activity of drooping birch in the environment of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. The specific reaction of drooping birch on a complex of negative conditions of the built environment was defined. A special feature is the increase in the growing season in species under anthropogenic stress of buffer zones, in-main plantations, as compared to CCA (conditional control area). The content of tannins in the leaves of drooping birch grows in the course of growing season, reaching the highest values in August. The increased anthropogenic impact leads to an increase in the content of ascorbic acid in the leaves of drooping birch in the buffer zone plantations of industrial enterprises and the in-main plantations in the early stages of active vegetation. In technological terms the peroxidase activity in leaves increases over the entire period of active vegetation