“Non-Male” Professions in the Late Soviet Period: The Foundations of Gender Imbalance

Статься посвящена анализу гендерного дисбаланса в профессиональных сферах в позднесоветский период. Автор выявил факторы, которые влияли на представления о гендерной окрашенности профессий в СССР, и то, что определенные профессии считались «немужскими».The article is devoted to the analysis of gender imbalance of professions in the late Soviet period. Author found the factors, which affected representations of gender characteristics of professions in USSR, and tried to understand why some professions were considered as «non-male»

The research of the soil moisture satellite measurements accuracy depending on the underlying surface characteristics

The work is devoted to the assessment of the possibility of using satellite data to determine soil moisture. The direct satellite observations were compared with the direct observations at the stations. Pearson correlation coefficient and the relative errors were calculated. The comparison of the data from the direct measurements of the soil moisture and satellite measurements showed that for the 52% of the stations the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.5

Establishment of a yeast platform strain for production of p-coumaric acid through metabolic engineering of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis

Aromatic amino acids are precursors of numerous plant secondary metabolites with diverse biological functions. Many of these secondary metabolites are already being used as active pharmaceutical or nutraceutical ingredients, and there are numerous exploratory studies of other compounds with promising applications. p-Coumaric acid is derived from aromatic amino acids and, besides being a valuable chemical building block, it serves as precursor for biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and some polyketides. Here we developed a p-coumaric acid-overproducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform strain. First, we reduced by-product formation by knocking out phenylpyruvate decarboxylase ARO10 and pyruvate decarboxylase PDC5. Second, different versions of feedback-resistant DAHP synthase and chorismate mutase were overexpressed. Finally, we identified shikimate kinase as another important flux-controlling step in the aromatic amino acid pathway by overexpressing enzymes from Escherichia coli, homologous to the pentafunctional enzyme Aro1p and to the bifunctional chorismate synthase-flavin reductase Aro2p. The highest titer of p-coumaric acid of 1.93\ub10.26gL-1 was obtained, when overexpressing tyrosine ammonia-lyase TAL from Flavobacterium johnsoniaeu, DAHP synthase ARO4K229L, chorismate mutase ARO7G141S and E. coli shikimate kinase II (aroL) in δpdc5δaro10 strain background. To our knowledge this is the highest reported titer of an aromatic compound produced by yeast. The developed S. cerevisiae strain represents an attractive platform host for production of p-coumaric-acid derived secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and polyketides

Evaluation of satellite data on soil moisture in the South-West region of the Baikal

The present paper presents characteristics of correlation between soil moisture observations obtained from a satellite and direct observations during the warm period of 2011 and 2012 in the area of the Tunka Basin. The factors influencing the relationship are considered. It is shown that the updated satellite data on moisture of the upper soil layer and those of direct observations at a depth of 15 cm have a satisfactory relationship

Comparing Three Approaches

Hybridization-based target enrichment protocols require relatively large starting amounts of genomic DNA, which is not always available. Here, we tested three approaches to pre-capture library preparation starting from 10 ng of genomic DNA: (i and ii) whole-genome amplification of DNA samples with REPLI-g (Qiagen) and GenomePlex (Sigma) kits followed by standard library preparation, and (iii) library construction with a low input oriented ThruPLEX kit (Rubicon Genomics). Exome capture with Agilent SureSelectXT2 Human AllExon v4+UTRs capture probes, and HiSeq2000 sequencing were performed for test libraries along with the control library prepared from 1 µg of starting DNA. Tested protocols were characterized in terms of mapping efficiency, enrichment ratio, coverage of the target region, and reliability of SNP genotyping. REPLI-g- and ThruPLEX-FD-based protocols seem to be adequate solutions for exome sequencing of low input sample

High power diode laser surface glazing of concrete

This present work describes the utilisation of the relatively novel high power diode laser (HPDL) to generate a surface glaze on the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) surface of concrete. The value of such an investigation would be to facilitate the hitherto impossible task of generating a durable and long-lasting surface seal on the concrete, thereby extending the life and applications base of the concrete. The basic process phenomena are investigated and the laser effects in terms of glaze morphology, composition and microstructure are presented. Also, the resultant heat affects are analysed and described, as well as the effects of the shield gases, O2 and Ar, during laser processing. HPDL glazing of OPC was successfully demonstrated with power densities as low as 750 W cm-2 and at scanning rates up to 480 mm min-1. The work showed that the generation of the surface glaze resulted in improved mechanical and chemical properties over the untreated OPC surface of concrete. Both untreated and HPDL glazed OPC were tested for pull-off strength, rupture strength, water absorption, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The OPC laser glaze exhibited clear improvements in wear, water sorptivity, and resistance (up to 80% concentration) to nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and detergent. Life assessment testing revealed that the OPC laser glaze had an increase in actual wear life of 1.3 to 14.8 times over the untreated OPC surface of concrete, depending upon the corrosive environment

Consideration of unresolved binaries with evaluation of the mass of star clusters

При различных предположениях о функции масс компонент двойных систем оценивается, как наличие неразрешенных двойных систем влияет на определение массы скопления.An influence of the presence of unresolved binaries onto star cluster mass estimation is evaluated with different assumptions on the mass function of binary components.Часть работ проведена при финансовой поддержке государства в лице Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (базовая часть госзадания, РК №AAAA-A17-117030310283-7), а также при финансовой поддержке Правительства РФ (постановление № 211, контракт № 02.A03.21.0006)