Heritabilitas Dan Kemajuan Genetik Harapan Populasi F2 Pada Tanaman Cabai Besar (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Peningkatan produksi cabai besar dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan bahan tanam melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman pada tanaman cabai besar diawali dengan meningkatkan keragaman genetiknya. Selain keragaman genetik perlu juga diketahui parameter genetik seperti heritabilitas dan estimasi kemajuan genetik yang akan dicapai. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik, pendugaan nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan pada populasi F2 tanaman cabai besar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Pandesari, Kec. Pujon, Malang pada bulan Maret – Agustus 2013. Percobaan menggunakan metode pengamatan single plant dengan menanam dua populasi F2 dan dua populasi F1. Jumlah tanaman pada masing-masing populasi F2 sebanyak 200 tanaman, sedangkan pada populasi F1 sebanyak 20 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman genetik pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati kecuali karakter panjang tangkai buah,diameter buah dan tebal daging buah, nilai duga heritabilitas tinggi pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati kecuali karakter umur berbunga, bobot buah total dan umur panen, sedangkan nilai duga kemajuan genetik harapan tinggi pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati kecuali karakter umur panen. Karakter kuantitatif yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik tinggi dapat dijadikan karakter seleksi

Racial Microaggressions During Clinical Education Experiences of Professional Master’s Athletic Training Students

Racial microaggressions can be comments or actions that are often unconsciously or unintentionally directed toward a member of a marginalized group. Athletic trainers have been found to be prone to organizational conflict and victims of harassment, however, no studies have investigated whether racial microaggressions occur during student clinical education experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine racial microaggressions’ existence in athletic training students during clinical education, specifically identifying the sources and resources that existed for those students who perceived to encounter racial microaggressions. Participants included 115 second-year master’s students who completed a questionnaire with open-ended questions. Open-ended questions were analyzed with a phenomenological approach. Three themes emerged from the data: (1) Athletic training students experiencing racial microaggressions are judged based on socioeconomic status, gender expression or identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, nationality, appearance, or religion making students consider whether they are the problem. (2) Athletic training students suffer from a lack of resources available to them. (3) Athletic training students went through a period of career reconsideration where they questioned entering the athletic training profession because of feeling uncomfortable and discriminated against. Athletic training students are suffering from racial microaggressions during clinical education. To reduce the number of racial microaggressions that students face, athletic training education program administrators and preceptors should be educated on racial microaggressions, validate athletic training student emotions, encourage a brave space where students can openly communicate about what is transpiring at clinical sites, safely identify aggressors, and remove students from harmful environments