Macrophages Activity and Capacity of Staphylococcus Aureus-induced Male Rattus Norvegicus, Sprague Dawley Strain Subsequent to Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Honey Mixture Administration

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and honey as immunomodulator. Non-specific immune system is the body initial defense for infection, where macrophages are one of its parts. Activated macrophages will move more actively. This study aims to analyze the effect of EVOO and honey mixture administration on the macrophages activity and capacity of Staphylococcus aureus induced male rats (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley strain. This experimental study was conducted during May to June 2019. The total rats examined was 80, divided into 5 groups that were treated orally for 1 to 4 weeks. The groups of rats were K1 (-) Aquades, K2 (+) Stimuno, E1 EVOO, E2 honey, and E3 EVOO and honey mixture. Staphylococcus aureus were induced intraperitonally into the rats. The macrophages were examined in Bacteriology and Immunology laboratory of FKH IPB University. Macrophages tests were conducted 1 hour subsequent to bacterial induction. The analysis of difference was done using one way anova and the analysis of group difference was carried out using Duncan test. The result shows that there are macrophage capacity (P= 0.000) differences on the first week but not on the macrophage activity (P=0.079), with highest mean value of macrophage activity (62.5±3.32) and capacity (2927.3±42.3) belong to E3 group. There are significant differences of both macrophage capacity and activity on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week (P < 0.005)

Identification of Pathogenecity of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 from Waterfowls Base on Amino Acid Sequence of Cleavage Site Hemagglutinin Protein

Identification of pathotype of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 isolates is very important. Thisresearch aimed to identify the pathotype of AIV subtype H5N1 isolated from household waterfowls in West Javabased on molecular markers of amino acid sequences of the Hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. Fragments of HAgenes of 21 isolates were amplified using RT-PCR with a primer pair that flanking the cleavage site region, andsequenced with dideoxy-termination method with ABI automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Multiple alignmentof nucleotide and their deduced amino acid sequence were analyzed using ClustalW from MEGA 3.1 program.The result shows that all H5N1 isolates (21 isolates) possess polybasic cleavage sites with 2 patterns ofamino acid sequence, i.e QRERRRKKR (20 isolates) and QRESRRKKR (1 isolate). This finding indicates that all ofthe viruses isolated in this research were of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains.Keywords: cleavage site, waterfowls, HPA

Streptococcus agalactiae isolates FROM SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS CATTLE : I. In vitto phenotypic expression of isolates

Thirty six isolates Streptococcus agalactiae from subclinical mastitis cattle in Bogor were esanlincd their phenotypic espressions such as hemolytic pattern. supernatant turbidity inliquid medium, and colony morphology in semisolid medium (agar semi solid). Nine, fifteen and ttvelve isolates showed their a, 0, and y hemolytic patterns respectively. Fourteen isolates showed turbid supernatant, 18 isolates with less turbid supernatant, and the rest gave clear supernatant in fluid medium. In agar semi solid, 15 isolates showed mostly thick diffuse colonies in combination with thin diffuse and compact colonies, 17 isolates with mostly thin diffuse colonies in combination with thick diffuse and compact colonies. The rest isolates showed compact without diffuse colonies. There was a relation between growth pattern in fluid medium and colony morphology in agar semi solid, and the vari

Identification of Pathogenecity of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 from Waterfowls Base on Amino Acid Sequence of Cleavage Site Hemagglutinin Protein

Identification of pathotype of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 isolates is very important. Thisresearch aimed to identify the pathotype of AIV subtype H5N1 isolated from household waterfowls in West Javabased on molecular markers of amino acid sequences of the Hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. Fragments of HAgenes of 21 isolates were amplified using RT-PCR with a primer pair that flanking the cleavage site region, andsequenced with dideoxy-termination method with ABI automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Multiple alignmentof nucleotide and their deduced amino acid sequence were analyzed using ClustalW from MEGA 3.1 program.The result shows that all H5N1 isolates (21 isolates) possess polybasic cleavage sites with 2 patterns ofamino acid sequence, i.e QRERRRKKR (20 isolates) and QRESRRKKR (1 isolate). This finding indicates that all ofthe viruses isolated in this research were of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains.Keywords: cleavage site, waterfowls, HPA

Pemurnian Ekstraseluler Hyaluronidase Streptococcus agalactiae (Streptokokus Grup B ) (Extracellular Hyaluronidase Purification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B of Streptococus)

Hyaluronidase (EC 4.2.2.1) merupakan enzim ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan Streptococcus agalactiae (Streptokokus Grup B). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas spesifik dari hyaluronidase S. agalactiae dan berat molekul proteinnya. Pemurnian enzim dengan sentrifugasi, pengendapan amonium sulfat 45% dan kromatographi kolom dengan Sephadex G-100 dan Sodiumdodecyl sulfate polyacrylainide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Enzim hyaluronidase dari S. Agalactiae memiliki aktivitas spesifik sebesar 0,0012 U/mg (ekstrak kasar), 0,0125 U/mg (pengendapan dengan 45% ammonium sulfate) and 0,032 U/mg (Gel Filtration). Berat molekul protein hyaluronidase adalah 102 - 106 kD.Kata kunci : hyaluronidase, aktivitas spesifik, pemurnia

Molecular analysis of Hemagglutinin Gen of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza of H5N1 Subtype Isolated from Waterfowls

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) subtype H5N1 isolated from waterfowls in West Java pose the known characteristic of highly pathogenic strains, with polybasic amino acid sequence of cleavage site QRERRRKKR and QRESRRKKR. This research aimed to analyze the important domains of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of those isolates. Fragment of HA gene was amplified using RT-PCR method with specifically-designed primer pairs and sequenced using dideoxy termination method with ABI automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Multiple alignment of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed using ClustalW of MEGA-3.1 program. Some of biological domains of HA, i.e. antigenic sites, receptor binding pocket, and glycosylation sites of the isolates were polymorphic. The viruses also pose conserved glutamine (Q) and glisin (G) residues at the known receptor binding site, at the position 222 and 224 respectively. This findings clearly show that all AIV subtype H5N1 isolaed from waterfowl preservesthe α-2,3NeuAcGal avian receptor specificity. Key Words: Antigenic Sites, Glycosylation Sites, Receptor Binding Pocket, AIV H5N1, Waterfowl

ANALISIS KLASTER: KARAKTERISTIK, KANDUNGAN ZAT GIZI, DAN SENYAWA AKTIF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL DI SUPERMARKET

Latar Belakang. Kandungan zat gizi extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) memiliki banyak manfaat untuk kesehatan manusia. Beberapa manfaat antara lain sebagai imunomodulator, mencegah penyakit jantung dan vaskuler lainnya, mencegah penyakit alergi, memperbaiki fungsi liver, dan mencegah penyakit lainnya. Kandungan zat gizi tiap merek EVOO tidak sama, ditentukan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis klaster berdasarkan karakteristik kimiawi, kandungan zat gizi, dan senyawa aktif pada tujuh sampel produk EVOO dari supermarket. Metode. Desain deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan tujuh sampel produk EVOO di supermarket wilayah Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2019. Pemeriksaan sampel produk EVOO dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Industri Agro (BBIA) Kementerian Perindustrian dan Laboratorium Biofarmaka dan Lembaga Penelitian Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM) Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis klaster melalui pendekatan hierarchical method. Hasil. Berdasarkan karakteristik kimiawi, ditemukan bahwa sampel produk EVOO ke-6 memiliki karakteristik kimiawi paling berbeda. Sampel produk EVOO ke-4 memiliki kandungan asam lemak jenuh paling berbeda. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh pada sampel produk EVOO ke-1, 3, dan 7 mendekati kesamaan. Kandungan vitamin E pada sampel produk EVOO ke-2 dan kandungan zat besi pada sampel produk EVOO ke-6, berbeda dengan sampel produk EVOO lainnya. Kandungan total flavonoid pada sampel produk EVOO ke-2, 3, dan 4, memiliki kadar mendekati kesamaan. Kandungan total karotenoid pada sampel produk EVOO ke-2 dan ke-6 juga memiliki kadar mendekati kesamaan. Kesimpulan. Karakteristik kimiawi pada semua sampel produk EVOO yang ditemukan dalam penelitian memiliki nilai hampir sama. Sampel produk EVOO di supermarket memiliki perbedaan kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh, total flavonoid, dan total karotenoid

Development of a nested PCR for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in bovine nasal secretion and semen

A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen and nasal secretions was successfully developed. The nested Polymerase Chain Reaction was based on external and internal primers from the viral gD glycoprotein gene. This nPCR assay was 1000-fold more sensitive than using PCR external primer. The nested PCR has a detection limit as low as 5 ag/ml pure BHV-1 DNA and 100,75 TCID50/500 mL BHV-1 infected cells. On the other hand,  PCR using external primer had detection limit of about 5 fg/ml pure BHV-1 DNA. Specificity studies showed that nPCR could only detect BHV-1, whereas BHV-4, PRV, PI-3 and BRSV can not be detected. In addition, nPCR was also capable in detecting BHV-1 in nasal secretion samples from animal without clinical signs. A total of 405 samples consisted of 381 nasal secretion and 24 fresh semen samples have been tested with the nPCR. The result revealed that from 381 nasal secretion samples tested, 14 samples showed to be positive (3.68%), consisting of 13 out of 294 (4.42%) nasal secretion samples collected from Pangalengan West Java, and 1 out of 87 (1.54%) samples collected from Bogor. Furthermore, 2 out of 11 (18.18%) extended semen samples collected from Bogor and 2 out of 13 (15.38%) fresh semen samples collected from Pasuruan also showed to be positive. In addition, the nPCR was faster and easier to perform than the standard viral isolation test. It is concluded that, the nPCR can be used as test of choice for routine diagnosis of BHV-1. Key Words: Nested PCR, BHV-1, Semen, Glycoprotein D Gene, TCID5

Development of a nested PCR for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in bovine nasal secretion and semen

A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen and nasal secretions was successfully developed. The nested Polymerase Chain Reaction was based on external and internal primers from the viral gD glycoprotein gene. This nPCR assay was 1000-fold more sensitive than using PCR external primer. The nested PCR has a detection limit as low as 5 ag/ml pure BHV-1 DNA and 100,75 TCID50/500 mL BHV-1 infected cells. On the other hand, PCR using external primer had detection limit of about 5 fg/ml pure BHV-1 DNA. Specificity studies showed that nPCR could only detect BHV-1, whereas BHV-4, PRV, PI-3 and BRSV can not be detected. In addition, nPCR was also capable in detecting BHV-1 in nasal secretion samples from animal without clinical signs. A total of 405 samples consisted of 381 nasal secretion and 24 fresh semen samples have been tested with the nPCR. The result revealed that from 381 nasal secretion samples tested, 14 samples showed to be positive (3.68%), consisting of 13 out of 294 (4.42%) nasal secretion samples collected from Pangalengan West Java, and 1 out of 87 (1.54%) samples collected from Bogor. Furthermore, 2 out of 11 (18.18%) extended semen samples collected from Bogor and 2 out of 13 (15.38%) fresh semen samples collected from Pasuruan also showed to be positive. In addition, the nPCR was faster and easier to perform than the standard viral isolation test. It is concluded that, the nPCR can be used as test of choice for routine diagnosis of BHV-1

Imunogenisitas dan efikasi kapsul polisakarida streptokokus grup B Isolat dari penderita komplikasi obstetri dan aplikasinya sebagai landasan pembuatan vaksin untuk imunoprofilaksis infeksi neonatal

vi+51hlm.;29c