ДОЛГОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЙ И ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ ЗЕМНОЙ КОРЫ ДО И ВО ВРЕМЯ СЕРИИ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ КУМАМОТО (2016 Г., ЯПОНИЯ)

The Kyushu Island, as well as whole Japanese archipelago, is equipped with dense GPS network (GEONET). It allows us to track the movements and deformations of the earth’s surface over long-term time intervals. In this study, based on daily determinations of the coordinates of GPS stations, analysis has been made on long-term trends in the accumulation of movements and deformations in large areas of the Kyushu Island before the series of April 14–16, 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes to identify deformation precursors and locked, immobile fault zones. The study of the seismic deformation process was performed using the data from 70 continuous permanent GPS stations for the period 2009–2016.The movement and deformation features found characterize the kinematics of the axial zone of the southwestern part of the island arc of the Japanese archipelago. The combination of coseismic compression and uplift in the center of the formed triad of deformation extrema and the consistency between subsidence and extensions at its edges demonstrate the mechanism of growth of the central region of the island arc under compression and the role of volcanism. Of particular interest in the context of the development of movements and deformations during the generation of the Kumamoto earthquakes is the behavior of the minimum displacement moduli of the GNSS sites. Analysis of their kinematics shows the formation of a zone of minimum displacements, in which subsequent strong seismic events were localized. It is shown that rather dense and extensive GNSS networks allow observing and studying the seismic-deformation process at the stages of seismic generation, discharge and relaxation, thereby providing an empirical basis for the development of models for predicting large seismic events.На острове Кюсю, как и на всем Японском архипелаге, функционирует густая перманентная сеть GPS (GEONET), которая позволяет отслеживать движения и деформации земной поверхности на многолетних временных интервалах. В настоящем исследовании по суточным определениям координат станций GPS анализируются долгопериодические тенденции накопления движений и деформаций на значительной территории о-ва Кюсю перед серией землетрясений Кумамото (14–16 апреля 2016 г.) с целью выявления деформационных предвестников и поиска неподвижных «запертых» зон разломов. Для изучения сейсмодеформационного процесса использованы данные непрерывных GPS-наблюдений 70 непрерывнодействующих станций за период 2009–2016 гг.Выявленные особенности движений и деформаций характеризуют кинематику осевой зоны юго-западной части островной дуги Японского архипелага. Сочетание косейсмических сжатия и подъема в центре образованной триады экстремумов деформации и согласованность опусканий с растяжениями на ее краях демонстрируют механизм роста центральной области островной дуги в условиях сжатия и роль вулканизма. Наибольший интерес в отношении развития движений и деформаций в процессе подготовки землетрясений Кумамото представляет поведение минимальных модулей смещений пунктов глобальных навигационных спутниковых систем (ГНСС). Анализ их кинематики показывает образование области минимальных смещений, в которой были локализованы последующие сильные сейсмические события. Показано, что достаточно плотные и обширные сети ГНСС станций позволяют наблюдать и изучать сейсмодеформационный процесс на стадиях сейсмической подготовки, разрядки и релаксации, представляя тем самым эмпирическую основу для разработки моделей прогнозирования крупных и сильных сейсмических событий

LONG-TERM CHANGES IN CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS AND DEFORMATIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE 2016 KUMAMOTO EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE

The Kyushu Island, as well as whole Japanese archipelago, is equipped with dense GPS network (GEONET). It allows us to track the movements and deformations of the earth’s surface over long-term time intervals. In this study, based on daily determinations of the coordinates of GPS stations, analysis has been made on long-term trends in the accumulation of movements and deformations in large areas of the Kyushu Island before the series of April 14–16, 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes to identify deformation precursors and locked, immobile fault zones. The study of the seismic deformation process was performed using the data from 70 continuous permanent GPS stations for the period 2009–2016.The movement and deformation features found characterize the kinematics of the axial zone of the southwestern part of the island arc of the Japanese archipelago. The combination of coseismic compression and uplift in the center of the formed triad of deformation extrema and the consistency between subsidence and extensions at its edges demonstrate the mechanism of growth of the central region of the island arc under compression and the role of volcanism. Of particular interest in the context of the development of movements and deformations during the generation of the Kumamoto earthquakes is the behavior of the minimum displacement moduli of the GNSS sites. Analysis of their kinematics shows the formation of a zone of minimum displacements, in which subsequent strong seismic events were localized. It is shown that rather dense and extensive GNSS networks allow observing and studying the seismic-deformation process at the stages of seismic generation, discharge and relaxation, thereby providing an empirical basis for the development of models for predicting large seismic events

As-Soon-As-Possible Top-k Query Processing in P2P Systems

International audienceTop-k query processing techniques provide two main advantages for unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. First they avoid overwhelming users with too many results. Second they reduce significantly network resources consumption. However, existing approaches suffer from long waiting times. This is because top-k results are returned only when all queried peers have finished processing the query. As a result, query response time is dominated by the slowest queried peer. In this paper, we address this users' waiting time problem. For this, we revisit top-k query processing in P2P systems by introducing two novel notions in addition to response time: the stabilization time and the cumulative quality gap. Using these notions, we formally define the as-soonas-possible (ASAP) top-k processing problem. Then, we propose a family of algorithms called ASAP to deal with this problem. We validate our solution through implementation and extensive experimentation. The results show that ASAP significantly outperforms baseline algorithms by returning final top-k result to users in much better times

Finding a Needle in the Haystack: A Technique for Ranking Matches Between Components

Abstract. Searching and subsequently selecting reusable components from com-ponent repositories has become a key impediment for not only component-based development but also for achieving the overall usability of component develop-ment environments and the ultimate re-usability of the components themselves. Component matching, a fundamental aspect of the component search problem, has been a well-studied problem, resulting in many different matching technique

Impact of polyelectrolyte coating in fluorescent response of Eu(III)-containing nanoparticles on small chelating anions including nucleotides

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. The present work introduces a novel route to sense the permeability of the polyelectrolyte layer deposited onto luminescent core. The use of ternary Eu(III) complexes as the luminescent core enables to detect the permeability of the polyelectrolyte layers through the change of the Eu(III)-centered luminescence. The chelating anions, such as adenosine phosphates, glutamic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt were used as substrates. The origin of the fluorescent response is the complex formation of the substrates with the Eu(III) complexes, which is greatly affected by the equilibrium concentration of the substrates at the surface of the core. The latter in turn is influenced by the permeability of the polyelectrolyte layer. The obtained results highlight the impact of the nature of the exterior layer in the penetration of the substrates through the negatively and positively charged polyelectrolyte layers

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИОННО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ИНВАРИАНТОВ СОСТАВНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ПРИ ДВУХПОЗИЦИОННОМ РАССЕЯНИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ОБОБЩЕНИЯ ТЕОРЕМЫ КЕЛЛА

Analysis of compound radar objects polarization-energetical invariants determination was done in the first time for the bistatic scattering on the base of Kell theorem generalization.Доказана возможность обобщения теоремы эквивалентности Келла с целью определения поляризационно-энергетических инвариантов составных радиолокационных объектов при двухпозиционном рассеянии по данным однопозиционных измерений

Теорема эквивалентности келла в радиолокации

This article (part 1) is devoted to simplified explanation of Robert Kell equivalence theorem about the derivation of bistatic RCS based on the monostatic measurements. In contrast to R.Kell’s original study, using definition based on Statton - Chu integral, this article uses methods of physical optics. The analysis was made for a complex radar object, including a considerable number of centers of scattering, also for a complex radar object, including an extended scatterer. This article (part 2) is devoted to experimental results based on Robert Kell equivalence theorem about the derivation of bistatic RCS in accordance with monostatic measurements.Первая часть статьи посвящена построению упрощенного изложения теоремы эквивалентности Келла о нахождении двухпозиционной эффективной поверхности рассеяния (ЭПР) по результатам однопозиционных измерений. В отличие от оригинальной работы Келла, использующей строгую формулировку на основе интеграла Стрэттона-Чу, в настоящей статье использованы методы физической оптики. Анализ проведен для случая сложного радиолокационного объекта (РЛО), включающего значительное число центров вторичного рассеяния, а также для случая сложного РЛО, включающего протяженный рассеиватель. Вторая часть статьи посвящена изложению некоторых экспериментальных результатов по определению двухпозиционной ЭПР по результатам однопозиционных измерений на основе теоремы эквивалентности Келла. Эксперименты проведены с использованием сложных РЛО, включающих значительное число центров вторичного рассеяния, а также протяженные рассеиватели

New synthesis of phosphine oxides bearing a 2-methyl-4-oxopent-2-yl substituent

A new approach to the synthesis of substituted phosphine oxides bearing an oxo group at the γ-position to the phosphorus atom was developed. © 2010