The unrecognised cost of cancer patients' unrelieved symptoms:a nationwide follow-up of their surviving partners

We investigated if a cancer patient's unrelieved symptoms during the last 3 months of life increase the risk of long-term psychological morbidity of the surviving partner. All women (n=506) living in Sweden under 80 years of age, who lost their husband/partner owing to cancer of the prostate in 1996 or of the urinary bladder in 1995 or 1996 were asked to answer an anonymous postal questionnaire, 2–4 years after their loss. The widows' psychological morbidity was associated with the patient's unrelieved mental symptoms. When the patient was perceived to have been very anxious during last three months of life (compared to no observed symptoms) the relative risks for the widows' psychological morbidity were: 2.5 (1.4–4.3) for depression and 3.4 (1.4–8.2) for anxiety. When comparing reports of the patient's pain (much vs no), the relative risks were 0.8 (0.5–1.2) for widowhood depression, and 0.8 (0.4–1.7) for widowhood anxiety. The patients were found to have had adequate access to physical pain control but poor access to psychological symptom control. Efficiency in diagnosing and treating psychological complications of terminally ill cancer patients may not only improve their quality of life but possibly also prevent long-term psychological morbidity of their surviving partners

Nitrogen and sulphur management: challenges for organic sources in temperate agricultural systems

A current global trend towards intensification or specialization of agricultural enterprises has been accompanied by increasing public awareness of associated environmental consequences. Air and water pollution from losses of nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S), are a major concern. Governments have initiated extensive regulatory frameworks, including various land use policies, in an attempt to control or reduce the losses. This paper presents an overview of critical input and loss processes affecting N and S for temperate climates, and provides some background to the discussion in subsequent papers evaluating specific farming systems. Management effects on potential gaseous and leaching losses, the lack of synchrony between supply of nutrients and plant demand, and options for optimizing the efficiency of N and S use are reviewed. Integration of inorganic and organic fertilizer inputs and the equitable re-distribution of nutrients from manure are discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting a need for innovative research that is also targeted to practical approaches for reducing N and S losses, and improving the overall synchrony between supply and demand

Association between the NBS1 E185Q polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>NBS1 is a key DNA repair protein in the homologous recombination repair pathway and a signal modifier in the intra-S phase checkpoint that plays important roles in maintaining genomic stability. The <it>NBS1 </it>8360G>C (<it>Glu185Gln</it>) is one of the most commonly studied polymorphisms of the gene for their association with risk of cancers, but the results are conflicting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a meta-analysis using 16 eligible case-control studies (including 17 data sets) with a total of 9,734 patients and 10,325 controls to summarize the data on the association between the <it>NBS1 </it>8360G>C (E185Q) polymorphism and cancer risk.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the common 8360GG genotype, the carriers of variant genotypes (i.e., 8360 GC/CC) had a 1.06-fold elevated risk of cancer (95% CI = 1.00–1.12, <it>P </it>= 0.05) in a dominant genetic model as estimated in a fixed effect model. However, the association was not found in an additive genetic model (CC <it>vs </it>GG) (odds ratio, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85–1.13, <it>P </it>= 0.78) nor in a recessive genetic model (CC <it>vs </it>GC +GG) (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.82–1.07, <it>P </it>= 0.36). The effect of the 8360G>C (E185Q) polymorphism was further evaluated in stratification analysis. It was demonstrated that the increased risk of cancer associated with 8360G>C variant genotypes was more pronounced in the Caucasians (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.14, <it>P </it>= 0.03).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our meta-analysis suggests that the <it>NBS1 </it>E185Q variant genotypes (8360 <it>GC/CC</it>) might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, especially in Caucasians.</p

Cardiovasc Diabetol

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end-products play a role in diabetic vascular complications. Their optical properties allow to estimate their accumulation in tissues by measuring the skin autofluorescence (SAF). We searched for an association between SAF and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) incidence in subjects with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) during a 7 year follow-up. METHODS: During year 2009, 232 subjects with T1D were included. SAF measurement, clinical [age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities] and biological data (HbA1C, blood lipids, renal parameters) were recorded. MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, lower extremity amputation or a revascularization procedure) were registered at visits in the center or by phone call to general practitioners until 2016. RESULTS: The participants were mainly men (59.5%), 51.5 +/- 16.7 years old, with BMI 25.0 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2), diabetes duration 21.5 +/- 13.6 years, HbA1C 7.6 +/- 1.1%. LDL cholesterol was 1.04 +/- 0.29 g/L, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates (CKD-EPI): 86.3 +/- 26.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Among these subjects, 25.1% were smokers, 45.3% had arterial hypertension, 15.9% had elevated AER (>/= 30 mg/24 h), and 9.9% subjects had a history of previous MACE. From 2009 to 2016, 22 patients had at least one new MACE: 6 myocardial infarctions, 1 lower limb amputation, 15 revascularization procedures. Their SAF was 2.63 +/- 0.73 arbitrary units (AU) vs 2.08 +/- 0.54 for other patients (p = 0.002). Using Cox-model, after adjustment for age (as the scale time), sex, diabetes duration, BMI, hypertension, smoking status, albumin excretion rates, statin treatment and a previous history of MACE, higher baseline levels of SAF were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE during follow-up (HR = 4.13 [1.30-13.07]; p = 0.02 for 1 AU of SAF) and Kaplan-Meier curve follow-up showed significantly more frequent MACE in group with SAF upper the median (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: A high SAF predicts MACE in patients with T1D

A sequence variant at 4p16.3 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldPreviously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.3 was found to associate with UBC (odds ratio = 1.24, P = 9.9 x 10(-12)). rs798766 is located in an intron of TACC3, 70 kb from FGFR3, which often harbors activating somatic mutations in low-grade, noninvasive UBC. Notably, rs798766[T] shows stronger association with low-grade and low-stage UBC than with more aggressive forms of the disease and is associated with higher risk of recurrence in low-grade stage Ta tumors. The frequency of rs798766[T] is higher in Ta tumors that carry an activating mutation in FGFR3 than in Ta tumors with wild-type FGFR3. Our results show a link between germline variants, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and risk of UBC.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/21807

Japonia luxurians. Zwischen reichhaltiger Oberfläche und bedeutungsvoller Schlichtheit

Wer Japan aus den reichlich vorhandenen Büchern und Bildbänden kennt, die seine „Kultur der Stille“ präsentieren, wird es kaum für ein Land halten, in dem die Ästhetik des Luxus zuhause ist. Doch der Sinn für das Schlichte wie jener für das luxuriös Überschießende sind in der japanischen Kultur schon lange verankert

WegZeichen. Japanische Kult- und Pilgerbilder. Die Sammlung Wilfried Spinner (1854–1918) Tokens of the Path. Japanese Devotional and Pilgrimage Images. The Wilfried Spinner Collection (1854–1918)

Ofuda, japanische Kult- und Pilgerbilder, sind im Westen wie auch in Japan selbst erst seit allerjüngster Zeit Gegenstand wissenschaftlich-ethnologischer Forschung. Die vorliegende Publikation zeichnet am Beispiel der inhaltlich vielfältigen Sammlung Wilfried Spinner ein eindrucksvolles Bild des Geflechts religiöser Strömungen und deren Mischformen im Japan des späten 19. Jahrhunderts. Zwischen 1885 und 1891 hielt sich der Schweizer Pfarrer WilfriedSpinner (1854–1918) im Auftrag der Ostasienmission in Japan auf. In Tokyo und Yokohama gründete er die ersten christlichen Gemeinden und begann eine intensive Lehrtätigkeit. Sein Interesse galt aber auch lokalen Glaubensvorstellungen, welche den Alltag der Bevölkerung durchdrangen. Bei seiner Rückkehr nach Europa brachte er rund 80 religiöse Bildrollen mit – einige gemalte Hängerollen und zahlreiche Schwarz-Weiß-Drucke (sogenannte ofuda). Ofuda sind Amulette aus Papier mit Darstellungen wichtiger Gottheiten, Buddhas und Bodhisattvas. Sie werden in Tempeln gedruckt und von diesen ausgegeben. Einige tragen zudem Kalligrafien, die von den Mönchen im Beisein der Pilger geschrieben werden. Ofudas werden von den Gläubigen in einem Buch oder auf einem Rollbild gesammelt. Sie sind Beweise ihrer Pilgerschaft und begleiten sie fortan als Schutz- und Glücksbringer. Die jüngst wiederentdeckte Sammlung Wilfried Spinner im Völkerkundemuseum der Universität Zürich deckt ein breites inhaltliches und figürliches Spektrum ab. Wissenschaftlich fundiert werden an ihrem Beispiel nicht nur technische, soziale und religiöse Aspekte der Bildrollen vorgestellt und deren Bedeutung in Kultpraxis und Bildertum in Japan damals und heute erläutert, sondern auch der Sammler, sein Sammelinteresse und der Sammlungskontext erforscht. Ofuda, Japanese idol and pilgrim images, have only very recently become objects of academic-ethnological exploration in the West as well as in Japan itself. Using examples of the diverse content of Wilfried Spinner’s collection, the current publication draws an impressive picture of the encounter of religious trends and their hybrid forms in late nineteenth-century Japan. Between 1885 and 1891 the Swiss pastor Wilfried Spinner sojourned in Japan on behalf of the East Asian mission. He founded the first Christian parishes in Tokyo and Yokohama and began to intensively teach there. However, his interest was also directed at local beliefs, which informed the everyday lives of the population. He brought back to Europe around eighty religious scrolls, comprising some painted hanging scrolls and numerous black-and-white prints (ofuda). Ofuda are paper amulets featuring representations of important deities, Buddhas and bodhisattvas, which were printed in and distributed from temples. Some of them additionally feature calligraphy, which was written by the monks in the presence of the pilgrims and then compiled in a book or on a scroll. They are evidence to their pilgrimage and accompany them onwards as protection and good luck charms. The recently discovered collection of Wilfried Spinner in the Ethnographic Museum at the University of Zurich covers a broad spectrum both figuratively and in content. Not only are the academically grounded technical, social and religious aspects of the scrolls presented, along with explanations of their significance in rites and pilgrimages in Japan at the time and today, but the collector, too, his area of interest and the context of the collection are also explored