Национальная идентичность СМИ: ретроспективное исследование распространённости русскоязычных СМИ в Восточной Европе

The research focuses on the issues, concerning the national identity of mass media in the era of globalization. It was the attempt to examine the linguistic situation in the multi-ethnic society, which consists of clearly defined groups of national minorities. Revealing the problems and consequences of language groups’ shift through mass media became the main objective of the research. The retrospective data on the Russian language mass media prevalence in the Eastern European countries (for example, of Estonia) were used as an analytical background. In Estonia, almost half of the Russian-speaking population cannot follow mass media due to limited knowledge of the language. These particularities for 1998-2013 were described in this article. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the major part of the Russian-speaking population of Estonia mainly follows the Russian television channels and, therefore, is more integrated in the Russian information realm than in Estonian. The multidirectional dynamics of mass media activity on prevalence was revealed. The contradictions between the Russian and Estonian mass media, Estonia and the EU on multilingual social mass media role were highlighted in the article.El estudio se centra en la identidad nacional de los medios de comunicación de masas en la era de la globalización. Se ha tratado de examinar la situación lingüística en la sociedad pluricultural en que existen grupos de minorías nacionales bien definidos. El observatorio principal del estudio fue la identificación de los problemas y las consecuencias del desplazamiento de los grupos lingüísticos a través de los medios de comunicación de masas. Como la base analítica, se utilizaron los datos retrospectivos sobre la prevalencia de los medios de comunicación de masas rusos en Estonia, donde alrededor de la mitad de la población que habla el idioma ruso no puede seguir los medios de comunicación de masas en Estonia debido a la falta de conocimiento del idioma. Trataremos de hacer un seguimiento de estas características durante el período 1998-2013. Los resultados han llevado a la conclusión de que gran parte de la población que habla el idioma ruso de Estonia está principalmente siguiendo los canales de televisión rusos y, por lo tanto, está más integrada en el campo de información de Rusia que de Estonia. Se ha identificado la dinámica diversificada en la actividad de los medios de comunicación de masas por el tipo de distribución. El artículo destaca las contradicciones entre los medios de comunicación de masas estonios y rusos, entre Estonia y la UE sobre el papel de los medios de comunicación de masas públicos multilingües.Исследование посвящено вопросам национальной идентичности средств массовой информации в эпоху глобализации. Предпринята попытка рассмотреть языковую ситуацию в полиэтническом обществе, где имеются четко выраженные группы национальных меньшинств. Основной целью исследования стало выявление проблем и последствий смещения языковых групп населения через СМИ. В качестве аналитической базы использовалось ретроспективные данные о распространённости русскоязычных СМИ в Эстонии, где около половины русскоязычного населения не могут следить за средствами массовой информации на эстонском языке из-за недостаточного знания языка. Мы постараемся проследить эти особенности за период 1998-2013 годов. Полученные результаты привели к выводу, что большая часть русскоговорящего населения Эстонии в основном следит за российскими телеканалами и поэтому более интегрирована в информационное поле России, чем в эстонское. Выявлена разнонаправленная динамика в активности СМИ по типу распространения. В статье подчеркиваются противоречия между эстонскими и русскоязычными СМИ, между Эстонией и ЕС относительно роли мультиязычных общественных СМИ

Characteristics of Interpersonal Relationships Between Girls Suffering From Love Addiction and Their Fathers

Introduction. The paper (a) examines the characteristics of interpersonal relationships between 16–19-year-old girls suffering from love addiction and their fathers and (b) provides an overview of previous studies on the issue. In the latter, the father’s role is recognized to be among its major contributing factors. Empirical data were collected during psychological counseling of young female love addicts. The present study focuses on the nature of interpersonal relationships between daughters suffering from love addiction and their fathers and discusses preventive measures against such dependency in new generations of Russian females. Methods. These were (a) the Love Addiction Test by A. Yu. Egorova; (b) the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory by R. Hirschfeld; (c) the Teenagers About Parents technique by L. I. Wasserman, I. A. Gor'kova, and E. E. Romitsyna; (d) the Family Sociograms by E. G. Eidemiller and O. V. Cheremisin; (e) the technique for assessing father-daughter relationships; (f) the My Relations with Men in the Eyes of Others self-assessment technique. Statistical procedures for data processing included Spearman’s correlation and Mann–Whitney U test. Results. The study presents the results of comparative analysis of father-daughter relationships in two study groups – young female love addicts and those having no signs of pathological love. The findings suggest that with age interpersonal dependency decreases in girls not suffering from love addiction and increases in young female love addicts

Print Mass Media as a Government Tool in Strategic Communications: A Study Based on Content Analysis of Publications in Russia

The article examines the socio-demographic characteristics of Russian print media readership along with a content analysis of press publications with a view of understanding the role of media in shaping public opinion from the perspective of theory and practice of strategic communication. A timely example of a resonant social process is considered in retrospect, showing the insufficient effectiveness of strategic government communications in Russia and the problems of information interaction in society. Several hypotheses were defined on the ways to improve the effectiveness of government strategic communications. Based on the research results, the authors suggest ways to optimize this practice, aimed at achieving more holistic and desired results in terms of stability and sustainability of socio-economic processes. The study determined that the use of complex tools and one-way communication methods through print media is not enough for effective “implementation” of the state’s position on the solution of the problem situation

Comparative evaluation of functional constipation prevention methods in pregnant women

Aim. To perform a comparative evaluation of different methods for preventing functional constipation in pregnant women. Materials and methods. The study included 150 pregnant women aged 18 to 42 years, 22 to 36 weeks of gestation, with functional constipation. Group 1 included 50 patients who received dietary fiber OptiFibre in addition to diet therapy; group 2 included 50 patients who received diet therapy in combination with lactulose; group 3, the control group, included 50 pregnant women who received corrective diet therapy only. The outcomes were evaluated on day 14 of observation. Results. A diet only was not sufficiently effective in normalizing stools in pregnant women with a gestational age of 2236 weeks. By day 14, stool frequency was restored in groups 1 and 2 patients. However, during lactulose use, gastrointestinal discomfort persisted more frequently; not all patients reported normal stools at the medium recommended dose, which required an increase of the dose. However, there were episodes of loose stool, which required discontinuation of the medicine. The best results were achieved with the combination of diet and partially hydrolyzed OptiFibre dietary fibers, both in terms of restoration of stool regularity, relief of associated gastrointestinal symptoms, and tolerance of the dietary fibers. Conclusion. Soluble dietary fiber OptiFibre, combined with diet therapy, restores regular stools and resolves constipation in pregnant women. It is well tolerated and safe to use in obstetric practice. The findings suggest using OptiFibre for constipation in pregnant women

Improved method for the obtaining DTTA-appended 2,2’-bipyridine ligands for lanthanide cations

The composition of the reaction mixture after DTTA tert-butyl ester alkylation with 6'-halomethyl-5-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridines was studied. In addition to the target product, DTTA-appended 2,2’-bipyridine, the corresponding 6'-hydroxymethyl-substituted 2,2’-bipyridine and (5'-phenyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-6-yl)methyl formate were isolated as by-products in some cases. Finally, an improved procedure for the DTTA tert-butyl ester alkylation with 6'-halomethyl-5-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridines by using Finkelstein reaction was developed

New 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-2,2’-bipyridine-based co-polymer, synthesis, photophysical properties and response to metal cations

A new co-polymer based on fragments of 2-(2-pyridyl)monoazatriphenylene and 2,5-bis (2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione was prepared by using the Sonogashira reaction. The photophysical properties of the polymer were studied. The presence of a strong bathochromic shift of the absorption and emission maxima in comparison with the previously described monomer units is shown. The polymer exhibits an intense “turn-off” response toward Cu2+ cations

The effect of body mass index on quality of life indicators in elderly and senile patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of body mass index on quality of life indicators in elderly and senile patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system.Цель исследования – определить влияние индекса массы тела на показатели качества жизни у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы

Clinical application of induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed asthma: cellular and immunologic characteristics

Authors investigate cells and immunologic factors of induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed asthma and healthy children without atopy. The aim of the study was to find out the differences of cellular and immunologic profiles of induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed asthma. 35 children aged 1,5-5 years old (Me = 3,5 years) were include in this study: 18 children with newly diagnosed asthma and 17 children (control group) without allergic diseases, which had no respiratory symptoms during last month. Sputum induction carried out according to our modification of protocol developed by Pin et al. The levels of IgE, slgA, lgG4, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, TNFα, INFγ, N03, NOX and cells percentage (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes) were evaluated in sputum. Results. The percentage of eosinophils was significantly higher and the percentage of macrophages was significantly lower in induced sputum of children with newly diagnosed asthma. The levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, TNFα), immunoglobulins, which participate in allergic inflammation (IgE, slgA, lgG4) and stable metabolites of NO (NO3, NOX) in sputum were also significantly higher in children with newly diagnosed asthma.Проводился подсчет клеток и определение иммунологических факторов в индуцированной мокроте у детей с вперсые выявленной бронхиальной астмой и здоровых детей без атопии. Целью исследования было выявление цитоиммунологических особенностей индуцированной мокроты у детей раннего возраста с впервые выявленной бронхиальной астмой. В исследовании приняли участие 35 детей в возрасте 1,5-5 лет (средний возраст 3,5г.): 18 детей с впервые выявленной бронхиальной астмой и 17 практически здоровых детей без атопии - контрольная группа. У всех детей в исследовании в течение предшествующего месяца не было зарегистрировано эпизодов респираторной инфекции. Индукция мокроты проводилась по модифицированному нами протоколу с использованием гипертонического раствора хлорида натрия. Прототипом явился метод, разработанный Pin et al., исследовался клеточный состав (%) (макрофаги, нейтрофилы, эозинофилы, лимфоциты) и иммунологический профиль (IgE, slgA, lgG4, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13. TNFα, INFγ, NO3, NOX) индуцированной мокроты. Результаты. У детей с впервые выявленной бронхиальной астмой в индуцированной мокроте уровень эозинофилов (%) достоверно выше, а уровень макрофагов (%) достоверно ниже по сравнению со здоровыми детьми без атопии. Так же у детей с бронхиальной астмой выявлены более высокие концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов (ФНОа, ИЛ 4, IL-1B, ИЛ8, ИЛ 13), иммуноглобулинов (IgE, lgG4) участвующих в аллергическом воспалении бронхов при бронхиальной астме и конечных стабильных метаболитов оксида азота (NO3, NOX) по сравнению с показателями здоровых детей без атопии

Microaspiration in GER as one of the causes of bronchial asthma exacerbation and the occurrence of chronic cough in children. History of the problem and diagnostics

The purpose of the review: to analyze the evolution of the views of clinicians and researchers on the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and its extraesophageal bronchial manifestations, and the stages of the formation of the diagnosis of microaspiration of the lower respiratory tract in children. Materials and methods. Search in electronic databases: Elibrary, Federal Electronic Medical Library of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, bibliographic database of articles on medical sciences, created by the US National Library of Medicine MEDLINE.Цель обзора: проанализировать эволюцию взглядов клиницистов и исследователей на взаимосвязь гастроэзофагального рефлюкса и его внепищеводных бронхиальных проявлений, и этапы становления диагностики микроаспирации нижних дыхательных путей у детей

Оптимизация преаналитического этапа обработки материала для проведения гистохимического исследования биоптатов скелетной мышцы в диагностике нервно-мышечных заболеваний

Diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases is complicated by the variety of clinical manifestations and requires the use of additional methods, an important place among which is the pathomorphological study of skeletal muscle biopsy. Despite the fact that the procedure for taking a muscle biopsy is not technically difficult, to obtain informative material a multitude of conditions must be observed at the stages of pre-analytical processing of the obtained tissue samples. Violation of the technology of taking, storing and fixing the material contributes to the formation of artifacts that limit the possibilities for further analysis of the morphological changes in tissue biopsy. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of various methods for cryoprocessing of muscle tissue samples and the manufacture of histological specimens with a subsequent assessment of morphological changes. As a result, the main causes of artifacts were identified. The optimal method for processing muscle biopsy specimens is indicated, which makes it possible to prevent the appearance of artifacts as much as possible and to ensure the preservation of tissue for research.Диагностика нервно-мышечных заболеваний затруднена многообразием клинических проявлений и требует использования дополнительных методов, важное место среди которых занимает патоморфологическое исследование биопсии скелетной мышцы. Несмотря на то что процедура взятия мышечной биопсии технически не сложна, для получения информативного материала требуется соблюдение множества условий на этапах преаналитической обработки полученных образцов ткани. Нарушение технологии взятия, хранения и фиксации материала способствует образованию артефактов, которые ограничивают возможности дальнейшего анализа морфологических изменений ткани биоптата. Проведено сравнение эффективности различных методов криообработки образцов мышечной ткани и изготовления гистологических препаратов с последующей оценкой морфологических изменений. В результате были выявлены основные причины возникновения артефактов. Обозначен оптимальный метод обработки мышечных биоптатов, позволяющий максимально предотвратить появление артефактов и обеспечить сохранность ткани для исследования