Efficient approach to nucleation and growth dynamics. Stationary diffusion flux model. (artikelnr. 164508)

A new model describing the evolution of clusters in the processes of nucleation and growth is proposed. The diffusion flux in the nonstationary Fokker–Planck equation with an unknown distribution function is approximated by the closed form expression containing the steady-state solution of the Zeldovich–Frenkel equation. This is justified due to the smallness of induction time of cluster formation compared to the time scale observed in experiments. The resulting stationary diffusion flux model is valid for all cluster sizes, computationally efficient and applicable to various types of cluster formation processes. Its application to a nucleation pulse experiment shows an excellent agreement with the solution of the set of formally exact Becker–Döring equation

Improving confidence in the management of the blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus) in Shark Bay PART II: Socio-economic significance of commercial Blue Swimmer crabs in Shark Bay. FRDC project no. 2012/15

The Shark Bay crab fishery is faced with substantial changes. The fishery reopened in late 2013 after a 18 month closure due to a significant stock decline from adverse environmental conditions. The stock is now recovering and The Department of Fisheries Western Australia (DFWA) has implemented substantial management changes including the introduction of catch quotas to limit the catches of individual fishing businesses and a Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) for the fishery. Fishers are challenged with adapting to the changes in management and inter-annual variability in crab catch volume linked to environmental conditions

Profiles of recreational use of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

This report presents findings from two independent reports on recreational activity in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Although not all results are directly comparable due to slightly differing methodologies this report provides an insight into recreational activity in the Marine Park. The line of questioning in the 2008 report will be used as a benchmark for future research into recreational activity

Calorimetry of gamma-ray bursts: echos in gravitational waves

Black holes surrounded by a disk or torus may drive the enigmatic cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Equivalence in poloidal topology to pulsar magnetospheres shows a high incidence of the black hole-luminosity $L_H$ into the surrounding magnetized matter. We argue that this emission is re-radiated into gravitational waves at $L_{GW}\simeq L_H/3$ in frequencies of order 1kHz, winds and, potentially, MeV neutrinos. The total energy budget and input to the GRB from baryon poor jets are expected to be standard in this scenario, consistent with recent analysis of afterglow data. Collimation of these outflows by baryon rich disk or torus winds may account for the observed spread in opening angles up to about $35^o$. This model may be tested by future LIGO/VIRGO observations.Comment: To appear in ApJ

An Evolving Understanding of Sense of Place in Social-Ecological Systems Research and the Barriers and Enablers to its Measurement

Social-ecological systems (SES) are changing more in the Anthropocene than ever before. With this also comes a change in Sense of Place (SoP), that is, the emotional bond that a person (or group of people) has with a place. This impacts how individuals and groups interact with a place (i.e., their behaviours) and respond to disturbance or change (i.e., their adaptive capacity). To understand how SoP is changing across space and time and to be able to compare this across social-ecological contexts, we must first take stock of how SoP is conceptualised so as to understand how to capture and measure the phenomena in a meaningful way (e.g., to inform policy). Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with leading SoP researchers (n = 17 from 8 countries) this paper aims to identify: (1) the current breadth of theoretical conceptualisations for SoP; (2) the methodologies that have been used to measure SoP in different contexts and settings; and (3) the barriers and (4) enablers to the use of different methodologies. Results show that there has been a change in how SoP has been conceptualised over time, whereby it was traditionally considered as something singular and limited, towards something much more dynamic. Results also show that diverse methods (both quantitative and qualitative) have been used to measure SoP, but the choice of method is often a result of resource constraints that limit research design. These findings suggest that broader collaboration among stakeholders and increased interdisciplinarity would undoubtedly lead to improved outcomes in our understanding of SoP, specifically how it is changing in response to anthropogenic pressures, and how the results can be integrated into policy and practice to support environment conservation and management. It is hoped these findings can help establish a community of practice around how we conceptualise SoP, and hence understand it, to create space for methodological integration and shared learnings as a field

Incorporating sense of place into the management of social-ecological systems: The researchers' perspectives

As the world around us changes, so too do the bonds that people have with their environment. These environmental bonds, or Senses of Place (SoP), are a key component of social-ecological systems (SESs). SoP has social, psychological and economic value, it impacts how people use and behave in an environment and how they respond to changes such as those caused by anthropogenic pressures. Despite this connection, the consideration and application of SoP in the management of SESs remains relatively under explored. This study takes the first step in addressing that gap by investigating the perceptions of researchers in the field. We achieve this by interviewing SoP researchers from around the globe to elucidate whether they see SoP as valuable for the management of SES. We also identify their perspectives on the barriers to, and enablers of, incorporating SoP into policy and management. Results show while researchers do see the value in incorporating SoP into policy, there are a range of barriers that impact this, most notably, the intangible nature of the phenomena and shortcomings of current governance systems. Results also identify a range of enablers that could improve the incorporation of SoP into policy-particularly through improved engagement and communication between stakeholders. These findings represent a first step in the formal inclusion of this social value into the management of SES

Щодо змін в організації виробництва і праці: трудо-правовій аспект

У статті проаналізовано зміни в організації виробництва і праці як підстави розірвання трудового договору з ініціативи роботодавця. Висловлено думку, що ліквідація та реорганізація юридичної особи-роботодавця не є видами змін в організації виробництва і праці, а скорочення чисельності або штату працівників є наслідком цих змін. Ключові слова: трудовий договір; зміни в організації виробництва і праці, скорочення штату; звільнення; ліквідація підприємства.В статье анализируются изменения в организации производства и труда как основания расторжения трудового договора по инициативе работодателя. Высказывается мнение, что ликвидация и реорганизация юридического лица-работодателя не являются видами изменений в организации производства и труда, а сокращение численности или штата работников является следствием этих изменений. Ключевые слова: трудовой договор; изменение в организации производства и труда; сокращение штата; увольнение; ликвидация предприятия.The author has analyzed variations in the organization of manufacture and work as the basis of dissolution of contract labour on the initiative of the employer. The liquidation and reorganization of the legal person-employer are not types of variations in the organization of manufacture and work, and reduction of number of workers or reduction of staff positions are results from these variations, has been offered as the opinion. Key words: contract labour; change in the organization of production and labor; staff reduction; firing; liquidation of the enterprise

Spatial amplitude and phase modulation using commercial twisted nematic LCDs

We present a method for full spatial phase and amplitude control of a laser beam using a twisted nematic liquid crystal display combined with a spatial filter. By spatial filtering we combine four neighboring pixels into one superpixel. At each superpixel we are able to independently modulate the phase and the amplitude of light. We demonstrate experimentally the independent phase and amplitude modulation using this novel technique. Our technique does not impose special requirements on the spatial light modulator and allows precise control of fields even with imperfect modulators.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Participatory research in complex marine conservation settings: A review of recent trends and lessons for the future

The conservation of marine ecosystems and species is inherently complex, plagued by social, political, economic and ecological uncertainty. Navigating these challenges to sustain marine systems requires the understanding, consideration and uptake of multiple knowledge systems within decision-making processes. Participatory research approaches, such as knowledge co-production, are advocated given their potential to generate knowledge with those who are most affected by the issue at hand and, based on that knowledge, develop and implement meaningful conservation practices collaboratively. In doing so participatory research is positioned to make marine research more democratic and impactful, and as such, has been a field of growing research enquiry. The aim of this study, therefore, is to synthesise (via a systematic scoping review) the existing literature to generate guidance that can help researchers and practitioners plan and apply participatory research approaches in a complex marine context. Results from systematically identifying and analyzing 337 articles show that the implementation of participatory research approaches are most common in the global north. Participatory research approaches most frequently included representatives from government, industry and civil society (e.g. community groups), while indigenous groups and communities were rarely included. A diversity of participatory research approaches have been used in relation to marine conservation in different settings and at various stages of the participatory process, each with their own challenges and benefits, that can lead to either positive outcomes for actors (e.g. social learning) or negative outcomes (e.g. disempowerment). We draw on our findings to provide guidance for improving the implementation of participatory research approaches in marine conservation such as taking the time to understand context before commencing participatory research approaches, and ensuring transparency with all actors throughout the process. We highlight key implications for researcher and practitioners implementing participatory research approaches including the importance of a diversity of approaches and methods to ensure access, supporting two way communication, addressing power imbalances, and the need to recognise, report on and address pre-existing barriers. Many of these require greater investment in terms of money or personnel, and new funding models are needed with a focus on longevity and sustainability