FACTORS OF CONGENITAL AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INTRAUTERINE GENERATED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

Subject: to assess a role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity in the development of intrauterine generalized cytomegalovirus infection.The study included 47 newborns with congenital generalized cytomegalovirus infection comprising group I. Based on the data of clinical and laboratory examination, all newborns studied were divided into two subgroups. Subgroup 1.1 (29 subjects) consisted of newborns with severe CMVI and subgroup 1.2 (18 subjects) – newborns with moderate CMVI. The control group included 26 newborns without herpesvirus infection.Determination of the number of monocytes expressing Toll receptors (TLR) was performed by laser flow cytometry (Beckman Coulter) using Beckman Coulter, HyCultBiotechnology reagents: FITC-CD282+, CD284+, CD286+, and PE-CD14+. The newborn serum concentration of IFNγ, IFNα, IL-6, IL-8 was determined by ELISA using BenderMedsistems test systems.Intrauterine generalized CMVI with complete clinical symptoms in newborns was characterized by a decrease in the number of monocytes expressing TLR-2 and TLR-6, which was associated with a decrease in the level of IFNα, IFNγ, an increase in the level of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. The subgroup with incomplete clinical symptoms CMVI was characterized by a decrease in the level of IFNα, in combination with an increase in the level of IL-6. The identified immune disorders lead to a reduction in the antiviral immune response and determine the severity of the disease in prenatally infected newborns

Спектрофотометры диффузного отражения на основе мини-спектрометров C12880MA и C11708MA Hamamatsu

Diffuse reflection spectroscopy with spatial resolution is a promising direction of non-destructive control of the properties of a number of scattering fine-dispersed materials, including food products. It can find wide practical application only in the presence of compact, easy-to-use and inexpensive spectrophotometric equipment. The aim of the article is to investigate the possibility of creating portable spectrophotometers based on Hamamatsu mini-spectrometers, which work together with modern computing facilities.The schematics for connecting the C12880MA and C11708MA mini-spectrometers to portable computing devices are reviewed. Shows the feasibility of using a small-sized microprocessor board ARM STM32F103C8T6 (Blue pill) on the chip STM32F103C8T6. Its use in the connection scheme has simplified data exchange with the control computer via USB interface and the formation of all the signals that are needed to control the mini-spectrometer.Two experimental samples of spectrophotometers based on C12880MA and C11708MA mini-spectrometers and STM32 microprocessors were created and their characteristics were studied. The calibration procedure and features of the software for these spectrophotometers are presented. The described features ensure the efficiency of software modification for the spectrophotometric problem to be solved. The presence of distortions of the registered spectra in the short-wave part of the spectral range of C12880MA was revealed. They arise due to focusing by the concave diffraction grating of a part of the radiation scattered by it into zero order.Approbation of developed portable spectrophotometers based on Hamamatsu mini-spectrometers indicates the possibility of their use in portable spectrophotometric equipment and devices for spectral control of optical properties of scattering materials. The described calibration technique allows you to determine the range of the spectrum, in which the distortions of the recorded spectra are minimal. The proposed solutions significantly reduce the cost of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy devices with spatial resolution and expand the possibilities of their use in various branches of science and industry.Спектроскопия диффузного отражения с пространственным разрешением – перспективное направление неразрушающего контроля свойств ряда рассеивающих мелкодисперсных материалов, в том числе и продуктов питания. Она может найти широкое практическое применение только при наличии компактной, простой в применении и недорогой спектрофотометрической техники. Цель статьи – исследование возможности создания портативных спектрофотометров на основе мини-спектрометров Hamamatsu, которые работают в комплексе с современными вычислительными средствами.Рассмотрены схемы подключения мини-спектрометров C12880MA и C11708MA к портативным вычислительным устройствам. Показана целесообразность использования малогабаритной микропроцессорной платы ARM STM32F103C8T6 (Blue pill) на чипе STM32F103C8T6. Её использование в схеме подключения позволило упростить обмен данными с управляющим компьютером по USB интерфейсу и формирование всех сигналов, которые необходимы для управления работой мини-спектрометра.Созданы два экспериментальных образца спектрофотометров на основе мини-спектрометров C12880MA и C11708MA и микропроцессоров STM32 и исследованы их характеристики. Приведены методика градуировки и особенности программного обеспечения этих спектрофотометров. Описанные особенности обеспечивают оперативность модификации программного обеспечения под решаемую спектрофотометрическую задачу. Выявлено наличие искажений регистрируемых спектров в коротковолновом участке спектрального диапазона C12880MA. Они возникают за счёт фокусировки вогнутой дифракционной решеткой части рассеиваемого ей излучения в нулевой порядок.Апробация созданных портативных спектрофотометров на основе мини-спектрометров Hamamatsu указывает на возможность их применения в портативной спектрофотометрической технике и устройствах спектрального контроля оптических свойств рассеивающих материалов. Описанная методика градуировки позволяет определять диапазон спектра, в котором искажения регистрируемых спектров минимальны. Предлагаемые решения позволяют существенно снизить стоимость устройств спектроскопии диффузного отражения с пространственным разрешением и расширить возможности их использования в различных отраслях науки и производства

Immunological factor development of external genital endometriosis

External genital endometriosis (EGE) is one of the common gynecological diseases of women of reproductive age with a relapsing, progressive course that worsens the quality of life of patients due to pain, emotional imbalance, fear of relapse and possible surgical intervention. Currently, endometriosis is recognized as one of the most common diseases associated with infertility. Thus, among fertile women with preserved childbearing function, the disease is generally diagnosed in approximately 6-7%, while among patients suffering from infertility, its frequency can reach 20-48%.However, the causes that determine reproductive dysfunction in patients with EGE are not well understood. Much attention is currently paid to the role of immunity in the formation of endometriosis. Patients with EGE show changes in both local immunity factors and immunological components of circulating blood.Purpose of the study: the study of factors of innate and adaptive immunity in patients of reproductive age with external genital endometriosis (EGE).The study included 71 patients with various stages of external genital endometriosis, the control group included 24 patients without endometriosis. Determination of the population composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the level of monocytes expressing TLR, activation markers, was carried out by laser flow cytometry — Immunotex (France), Caltag (USA), FITC (fluorescein isothiocynate) — labeled CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, HLA-DR, CD282, CD284 and PE (phycoerythrin) - labeled with CD25, CD69, CD95, CD107a, CD14.External genital endometriosis is characterized by: at stages I-II of the disease - a violation of the early stages of the innate immune response (an increase in the number of monocytes expressing TLR-4, a violation of the activation and differentiation processes of immunocompetent cells, which is reflected in a decrease in the expression of CD16, CD8, CD16+HLA-DR+, CD16+CD107a+, CD8+CD107a+, at III-IV stages of the disease, there is a decrease in the level of CD16 and activation markers CD69, HLA-DR, CD107a on their surface, which is combined with a decrease in the expression of CD8, CD16, HLADR and CD107a on their surface. CD95+ and CD8+CD95+ were found at various stages of EGE.The results obtained allow us to understand the features of the functioning of innate and adaptive immunity at various stages of external genital endometriosis, and the studied immunological parameters can be used as diagnostic criteria for the formation of various stages of EGE. These data can serve as a theoretical basis for further identification of markers of EGE progression, as well as the mechanisms underlying immune inflammation

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SEVERITY OF CEREBRAL PATHOLOGY IN THEIR NEWBORN

Purpose. The study of immunological mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of varying severity in infants born to mothers with placental insufficiency.Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 58 pregnant women with placental insufficiency in the period 38-39 weeks of pregnancy. The subjects were divided into subgroups: 1a - perinatal CNS lesions with an average degree of severity, clinically detectable at birth (n = 31), 1b - perinatal CNS damage with mild severity, clinically detectable at 1 month after birth (n = 27). The control group consisted of patients with physiological pregnancy and childbirth (n = 19).Results. It was revealed that the criterion of hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system in newborns is to increase the mother’s blood level of CD16 + NK-cell activation markers of T-cell CD69 +, CD25 +, apoptosis markers CD95 +, AnnexinV +, AnnexinV + PI +, shift the cytokine balance in favor of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α, IL -6, IFN-γ), both in serum and amniotic fluid.Conclusions. The development of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn infants of mothers with placental insufficiency occurs against violations of the mechanisms of immune response

THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES AND AGMATINE IN THE DEVELOPING PLACENTA WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATED

Purpose: To study the content of cytokines and agmatine in the development of the placenta in physiological and complicated gestation.Materials and Methods: 57 women, of which 34 women with physiological pregnancy and 23 women with placental insufficiency were examined. In the early chorion after the abortion and full-term placenta the content of the transforming growth factor (TGF-α and TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was studied by means of the immune-enzyme analysis. The level of agmatine was studied by capillary electrophoresis.Results: In the process of normal gestation the increase of the placental production both of the TGF-α and TGF-β was established. During the pregnancy complicated with placental insufficiency and abortion in the first trimester the content of TGF-β and TNF-α was raised, and content of TGF-α was lowered in comparison with the physiological values. For agmatine differently directed changes were revealed: in the early stages of its level was reduced, and by the end of gestation - increased compared with physiological pregnancy.Summary: The revealed changes of the production processes of the cytokines and agmatine in the placenta may have the pathogenic meaning in the abortion and placental insufficiency development

The investigation of a physical pendulum motion, which move along a horizontal axis

The article presents a study of the physical pendulum, taking into account the force of friction in the kinematic pair, as a result of which oscillations are damped. Graphs of the dependence of the pendulum deflection angle α and the angular velocity on time for different values of the velocity v have been given. It has been established that the speed of the sleeve significantly reduces the amplitude and angular velocity of the pendulum, and the frequency of its oscillations does not depend on the presence of dry friction in the system. The dependences of the change in the amplitude of pendulum oscillations have been given and the results of numerical integration of the differential equation of pendulum motion have been obtained. The graphical dependences of the pendulum deflection angle and the movement of the sleeve x along the horizontal axis from time to time have been obtained at different values of the coefficient of friction. It has been found that during the first five seconds of the system movement, the axial speed of the sleeve is practically independent of the coefficient of friction (at f = 0.3… 0.5). To verify the obtained results, an experimental laboratory installation has been designed and manufactured. Theoretical studies are satisfactorily consistent with experimental data, with an error not exceeding 16%. The obtained dependencies can be used in the design and study of various mechanisms, the motion of which is described by similar differential equations. Such mechanisms include inertial conveyors, the gutter of which performs in addition to longitudinal and transverse oscillations. In addition, the proposed technique can be used in the study of the motion of bulk materials in an inclined cylinder, which performs torsional oscillations around the axis of symmetry

Variant anatomy of children’s renal arteries

The purpose of the study is to establish the features of children’s renal arteries of different genders and ages.Цель исследования - установить особенности почечных артерий у детей разного пола и возраста

Features of the cytokine profile in adolescents with microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Despite advances of modern medical science, the consequences associated with management of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in children and adolescents represent a serious problem. Common development of microvascular diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney damage) still remains a sufficient obstacle for achieving high quality of life and social adaptation in the young patients, thus promoting studies of immune mechanisms involved in genesis of microvasculature damage under the conditions of dysmetabolic abnormalities associated with DM1. Our goal was to assess the role of altered cytokine balance in blood serum in development of microangiopathies in adolescents with DM1.140 adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes aged 14-18 years were examined being divided in 2 groups: group I included the patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of > 9.0% (n = 65), and group II which included adolescents with HbA1C level of ≤ 9.0% (n = 75). Each group was divided into subgroups: Ia (n = 50) and IIa (n = 38) included adolescents with diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy, whereas groups Ib (n = 15) and IIb (n = 37) were without microvascular complications. The control group consisted of 36 adolescents with normal body weight, without carbohydrate metabolic disorders, and family history of diabetes mellitus. Determination of TNFα, IL-1β, VCAM-1, fractalkine levels in blood serum was performed by enzyme immunoassay using test systems “RayBiotech” (USA), “BIOSCIENCE” (USA).Development of microangiopathies in adolescents with different glycemic control is associated with increased serum concentration of the factors involved in neoangiogenesis and vascular wall remodeling, i.e., TNFα, IL-1β, VCAM-1, compared with control group (p < 0.05), and a statistically significant decrease in fractalkine level in adolescent patients with either complicated, or uncomplicated DM1. The study allowed us to suggest that occurrence of microvascular complications in adolescents with DM1 is associated with impaired immune response tending for altered cytokine balance towards Th1 type, enhanced intercellular interactions, imbalance of bioregulatory molecules, contributing to development of inflammatory immunoregulatory state. The revealed patterns of laboratory markers, along with assessment of metabolic indices, will enable personalized approaches to early diagnostics of microvascular complications in adolescents with DM1 and prevent their further progression

Roadmap on Wilson loops in 3d Chern-Simons-matter theories

This is a compact review of recent results on supersymmetric Wilson loops in ABJ(M) and related theories. It aims to be a quick introduction to the state of the art in the field and a discussion of open problems. It is divided into short chapters devoted to different questions and techniques. Some new results, perspectives and speculations are also presented. We hope this might serve as a baseline for further studies of this topic

The low-energy limit of AdS(3)/CFT2 and its TBA

We investigate low-energy string excitations in AdS3 × S3 × T4. When the worldsheet is decompactified, the theory has gapless modes whose spectrum at low energies is determined by massless relativistic integrable S matrices of the type introduced by Al. B. Zamolodchikov. The S matrices are non-trivial only for excitations with identical worldsheet chirality, indicating that the low-energy theory is a CFT2. We construct a Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for these excitations and show how the massless modes’ wrapping effects may be incorporated into the AdS3 spectral problem. Using the TBA and its associated Y-system, we determine the central charge of the low-energy CFT2 to be c = 6 from calculating the vacuum energy for antiperiodic fermions — with the vacuum energy being zero for periodic fermions in agreement with a supersymmetric theory — and find the energies of some excited states