Influence du braconnage sur le comportement de fuite du bubale (Alcelaphus buselaphus major Pallas, 1766) dans la zone de Warigué en Côte d\'Ivoire: implication pour l\'organisation d\'une chasse sportive

Le bubale Alcelaphus buselaphus major est une grande antilope fréquemment rencontrée dans la zone de Warigué, au nord de la Côte d\'Ivoire. Le comportement de fuite, un indicateur de l\'état de frayeur des animaux a été décrit dans différentes zones à intensités de braconnage variables.. Il en ressort que les bubales ont une plus grande distance de fuite dans les zones de forte pression de braconnage que dans les zones non braconnées ou de faible pression de braconnage. Par contre dans les zones d\'intense activité de braconnage les bubales sont observables beaucoup plus près (120 mètres) que dans les zones de faible pression de braconnage (plus de 240 mètres). Pour échapper au braconnage, les bubales se laissent plus facilement découvrir en zones très braconnées, mais fuient très loin à la vue des observateurs. Dans ce contexte, la pratique de la chasse sportive sur le site requiert un équipement approprié, notamment des armes de longue portée et une approche de chasse à l\'affût.Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus major) is a big antelope frequently met in the zone of Warigué in the north of Ivory Coast. Flight behaviour an indicator of fear in animals, was described in various zones with variable poaching intensity. Our results reveal that hartebeests have a longer flight distance in areas with huge poaching pressure than areas without or with low pressure. On the other hand in areas with intense poaching activity, these animals are observed much closer (120 meters) that in areas of low pressure (more than 240 meters). To avoid poaching, hartebeests are more easily let discover in poaching areas but flee very far human presence is detected. That is why practice of hunting game on the site will require suitable equipments in particular weapons with long range, and an approach of hunting by shooting from hides. Keywords: Hartebeest, flight behaviour, poaching, safary game, Warigué.Sciences & Nature Vol. 5 (2) 2008: pp. 145-15

Détermination de la durée de vie géochimique du stock de déchets miniers de Carnoulès (France) à partir d\'un modèle hydrodynamique.

Le stock de déchets miniers de Carnoulès forme un aquifère bicouche constitué de sable très fin à sulfure et de sable fin à passage de blocs grossiers. L\'écoulement de l\'eau à l\'intérieur est guidé par un drain souterrain. Le modèle hydrodynamique a permis d\'évaluer les flux de matières à partir de la reconstitution de débits à l\'exutoire. Les fortes teneurs en sulfates de l\'eau observées à la source proviennent de la dissolution de la pyrite qui détermine l\'essentiel des réactions géochimiques à l\'intérieur du stock de déchets miniers. La durée de vie du stock de déchets miniers estimée à partir des flux annuels de pyrite oxydée est de plus de 100 ans. Les méthodes de rémédiation appropriées ne doivent donc pas être des installations qui exigeront un entretien continu compte tenue de cette longue durée de vie.The mining waste stock of Carnoulès is a double-layered aquifer made up of very fine clay and sand with sulphide and of sand ends to passage of coarse blocks. The groundwater circulation is guided by an underground drain. The hydrodynamic model made it possible to evaluate matter flows starting from the reconstitution of flows to the catchment discharge system. It arises a strong content sulphate of water coming from the dissolution of the pyrite which guides the main geochemical reactions inside the stock of mining waste. The lifetime considered starting from annual oxidized pyrite flows is of more than 100 years. Methods of remediation should not be installations requiring a Keywords: Drainage acide minier, modélisation, hydrodynamique, Modflow/Mining acid drainage, modelling, hydrodynamics, ModflowSciences & Nature Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 105-11

Biochemical characterization of phosphatase, -galactosidase and -mannosidase activities of seeds of an oleaginous cucurbit: Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl blocky-fruited cultivar

Seeds extract of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl (blocky-fruited cultivar) was screened for enzymatic hydrolytic activities over synthetic variety and natural substrates. The best hydrolytic activities mainly consisted of phosphatase (0.68 ± 0.02 UI/mg), β-galactosidase (0.26 ± 0.03 UI/mg) and α -mannosidase (0.17 ± 0.02 UI/mg). Physicochemicalcharacterization showed that these enzymatic activities were maximal at 55°C in sodium acetate buffer (pHs 4.6 and 5.6). They showed pH and temperature stability and appeared to be resistant in the presence of 5 mM cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+ and Mg2+) concentration and 1% (w/v) detergents (cationic, non-ionic and anionic). The phosphatase activity on different phosphorylated substrates showed it ability to hydrolyze greatly para-nitrophenylphosphate (100 ± 2.3%) and ATP (95.3 ± 2.6%) and in lesser extent sodium phytate (15.2 ± 1.8%). As for natural substrates as lactose and the three different mannobioses linked (α -1,2; α -1,3 α -1,6), that were significantly hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase and α -mannosidase activity respectively. These interesting characteristics deserved to be deeply investigated for the valorisation of Lagenaria siceraria seeds phosphatase, β -galactosidase and α -mannosidase in potential biotechnological applications.Key words: Oleaginous cucurbit, Lagenaria siceraria, blocky-fruited cultivar, seeds, phosphatase activity, β -galactosidase activity, α -mannosidase activity

Mobilité relative des métaux lourds issus de la décharge d’Akouédo et risque de contamination de la nappe du Continental Terminall (Abidjan - Côte d’Ivoire)

Relative mobility of heavy metals resulting from Akouédo landfill and assessment of Continental Terminal groundwater contamination risk(Abidjan-Côte d'Ivoire)The aim of this study is to know the geochemical mechanisms which control the vertical migration of heavy metals and to evaluate the risk of the Continental Terminal groundwater contamination resulting from Akouedo landfill. The chemical analyses of 56 samples showed that the soil of Akouedo landfill is rich in Cu (20-369.7 ppm), Fe (850-12500 ppm), Zn (18.6-1163.7 ppm), Pb (10.3-1450 ppm), Cd (1-11.5 ppm) and Cr (27.7-125ppm). Adsorption, principal geochemical mechanism in the soil, allows the retention of the majority of metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd) on the organic matter (NTK and Corg) very abundant in the surface layers and on the clayed layers. But chromium is not much adsorbed and migrates more towards the deep layers. Cr is thus able to reach the groundwater easily and to cause a contamination of this one

La Leucémie Myéloïde Chronique Pédiatrique: Une Entité Très Rare Au Service d’Hématologie De Yopougon

Contexte: La leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) est un syndrome myéloprolifératif dû à une prolifération myéloïde monoclonale prédominant sur la lignée granuleuse. Son pronostic a été amélioré par l’avènement des inhibiteurs de la tyrosine kinase. Elle survient le plus souvent chez l’adulte jeune. Les auteurs rapportent un cas clinique chez un enfant de 6 ans. Présentation de cas: Il s’agissait d’un enfant de 6 ans, de sexe masculin, référé en consultation en hématologie pour splénomégalie volumineuse évoluant depuis 3 mois. L’hémogramme a montré une hyperleucocytose à 282 Giga/L avec myélémie importante et polymorphe une anémie à 66 g/l et une thrombocytose à 870G/L. L’examen cytogénétique a retrouvé le chromosome Philadelphie sans anomalie additionnelle. Le traitement par imatinib mesylate a pu être débuté. Conclusion: La leucémie myéloïde chronique est certes rare chez l’enfant mais les praticiens doivent y penser devant une hyperleucytose importante persistente. Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative syndrome due to monoclonal myeloid proliferation predominant over the granular line. His prognosis was improved by the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It occurs most often in young adults. The authors report the clinical case of a 6-year-old child because of its rarity. Case report: This was a 6-year-old male child, referred in hematology consultation for persistent of large splenomegaly. The hemogram showed hyperleucocytosis at 282 Giga/L with large myelemia and polymorphic anemia at 66 g/l and thrombocytosis at 870 G/L. the cytogenetic analyse found the Philadelphia chromosome without additional anomaly. The treatment with imatinib mesylate has therefore begun. Conclusion: Although the CML is uncommon at young people, but practicians must think about it when we have an important hyperleucocytosis

Recombinant Poliovirus circulation among healthy children immunized with oral polio vaccine in Abidjan

In order to assess the level of polio virus with natural recombinant genome and wild polio virus circulating in the environment of healthy children aged 0 to 5 years in Abidjan, 130 polio viruses made up of 26 polio type 1, 55 type 2 and 49 type 3 were identified by neutralisation test with monoclonal antibodies and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) targeting the VP1 and 3D1 gene. Four wild non Sabin-like (NSL) strains (3.1%): one type 2 and three type 3 were identified in non vaccinated children. One hundred and six (81.5%) isolates were Sabin-like, 20 (15.4%) were recombinant with the following polio virus profiles: 2 Sabin-like type 1/type 2, 3 Sabin-like type 3/type 1, 11 Sabin-like type 3/type 2 and one polio virus type 3 NSL/Sabin-like type 3. Intertypic vaccine/vaccine or vaccine/wild strain recombinant polio virus circulating among healthy children rate was high and suggested the need for a molecular surveillance of vaccine strains. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) strains are well-known to revert to pathogenicity in vaccines. Therefore, the long term excretion of pathogenic OPV derived strains by some vaccinees needs to be considered quite seriously. It therefore suggested that all polio virus isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) be analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of the viral genome. Key words: polio virus, recombinant virus, healthy children, Cote d'Ivoire. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(5) 2004: 289-29

The diurnal primate community of the Tanoé Forest: species composition, relative abundance, distribution, polyspecific associations and conservation status

The Tanoé Forest is located within the original distribution area of the Miss Waldron red colobus (Piliocolobus badius waldronae), the diana roloway (Cercopithecus diana roloway) and the white napped mangabey (Cercocebus atys lunulatus). These three monkey species are classified by IUCN among the 25 most threatened monkeys of the world. Surveys conducted in their believed distribution area in Côte d’Ivoire from 2004 to 2007 highlighted an advanced degradation of habitats, an intensive hunting activity and a subsequent local extinction of some primate species. Field survey conducted in the Tanoé Swamp Forest shown that there is an exception in this dramatic context since this forest still housing threatened species such as the Diana roloway, the white-napped mangabey, and other monkeys of conservation concern: the Geoffroy’s colobus (Colobus vellerosus) and the olive colobus (Procolobus verus), and probably a viable Miss Waldron monkeys population (Piliocolobus waldronae). In addition, this forest hosts the Lowe’s guenon (Cercopithecus campbelli lowei) and the lesser spot-nosed guenon (Cercopithecus petaurista petaurista), that are widespread in the Tanoé Swamp Forest.Keywords: Tanoé forest, primate community, endangered, Swamp Forest, distributio

Management of Hypertension in the Elderly Patient at Abidjan Cardiology Institute (Ivory Coast)

Background. Since the treatment of hypertension is beneficial for the elderly, we have undertaken this study that aims to evaluate the management of hypertension in elderly patient in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted among 854 hypertensive elderly patients of Abidjan Cardiology Institute who were followed for a minimum of one year, between January 2000 and December 2009. Results. The patients mean age was 73.1 ± 5.3 years, and 59% were women. At the first presentation, it was mostly systolic-diastolic hypertension (51.8%) and isolated systolic hypertension (38.5%). Mean blood pressure was 169.4 ± 28.4 mmHg for systolic, 95.3 ± 15.7 mmHg for diastolic, and 74.1 ± 22.8 mmHg for pulse pressure. Pulse pressure was ≥60 mmHg in 80.4%. According to the European Guidelines stratification of the cardiovascular risk-excess attributable to high blood pressure, 82.1% of the sample had a very high added risk. The pharmacological therapy was prescribed in 93.5%. More than 66% of patients were receiving ≥2 antihypertensive drugs including fixed-dose combination drugs. The most common agents used were diuretics (63.5%) followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in 61.3%. The most common agents used for monotherapy were calcium antagonists. When ≥2 drugs were used, diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were the most common. Blood pressure control was achieved in 42.6%. Conclusion. The control of elderly hypertension can be effective in Sub-Saharan Africa. He required at least two antihypertensive drugs to meet the recommended blood pressure target

Caractérisation physico-chimique des sols en vue de l’amélioration de la productivité du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dans la région de Damara au centre-sud de Centrafrique

La présente étude vise à améliorer la productivité du manioc (Manihot esculenta), aliment de base des centrafricains. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit de (i) caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol et (ii) déterminer les indicateurs de fertilité des sols étudiés. La collecte des données a consisté à prélever le sol de la couche 0-20 cm, sur les champs de manioc du site expérimental de LaSBAD. Les sols ont été prélevés suivant un dispositif de randomisation, en vue de constituer un échantillon composite de 1 kg par champs. Ils sont séchés, tamisés et analysés au laboratoire de sol du CIRAD-Montpellier-France. Les résultats analytiques de sol ont été comparés à des valeurs de références. Les sols étudiés présentent une texture loameuse et un pH optimal de 5,5, favorable à la culture du manioc, et sont très pourvus en matière organique. Le bilan des éléments nutritifs révèle des carences en calcium et en échangeable. L’analyse en composantes principales a montré une corrélation entre les indicateurs de la fertilité des sols. L’utilisation des légumineuses et la fertilisation organo-minérale à une dose adéquate sont des solutions envisageables pour améliorer la productivité du manioc en Centrafrique.Mots clés: indicateur de fertilité, productivité, manioc, propriété physico-chimique, CentrafriqueEnglish Title: Characterization physicochemical soils to improve productivity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the region of Damara in south-central of Central African RepublicEnglish AbstractThe present study is a contribution to the improvement of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers’ productivity in the Republic of Central Africa. Especially it aims to characterize the physicochemical properties of soil and (ii) assess fertility indicators of soil. Data collection was consisted to sample the soil from horizon 0-20 cm in cassava fields of producers and the agricultural site of the LaSBAD. Soils were sampled randomly to form a composite sample of 1 kg per field. Soil samples were dried, sieved, and analysed within the laboratory of soil of CIRAD in Montpellier-France. The analytical results of soils were compared to reference values. The studied soils are in their surface organic loamy texture and optimal of 5.5 pH suitable for the cultivation of cassava. They are well supplied with organic matter. The nutrient balance showed that the most significant deficiencies include calcium and magnesium exchangeable. The principal component analysis showed a best correlation relationship between indicators of soil fertility. The use of legumes, and fertilization organicmineral at one dose adequate were possible conceivable solutions to improve cassava in Central African Republic.Keywords: Diagnosis of deficiency, soils’ fertility, cassava, savannah, Central African Republi