The structure optimization of implants materials of the surface layers by sol-gel coating

This work presents the synthesis of fluorine- and chlorine-doped silica thin films on stainless steel (316L) prepared by the sol–gel method. Obtained materials were examined: structurally (SEM, roughness measurements), mechanically (four-point bending test) and biologically (in vitro). The results of the tests show that it is a possibility to synthesis by sol-gel method stable, continuous and biocompatible coating for materials used for implants

Wybrane elementy charakterystyki gospodarczej traw pastewnych

Na glebie mineralnej, kompleksu żytniego dobrego w RZD w Minikowie, w latach 1992 - 1997 prowadzono badania nad trwałością, plonowaniem i wczesnością 70 odmian 14 gatunków traw pastewnych. Najwyższą trwałością charakteryzowały się odmiany kupkówki pospolitej, tymotki łąkowej i kostrzewy trzcinowej, a szczególnie małą kostrzewy łąkowej życicy trwałej. Najwyższe plony uzyskano, przy 4.1etnim użytkowaniu stokłosy uniolowatej, rajgrasu wyniosłego, kupkówki pospolitej i tymotki łąkowej, a różnice w plonowaniu odmian wahały się na poziomie 10 - 20%. Największe różnice we wczesności odmian wykazano u odmian kupkówki pospolitej, kostrzewy trzcinowej i życicy trwałej. Największą wrażliwość na niedobory opadów i wysokie temperatury stwierdzono u późniejszych gatunków, a w obrębie gatunków również u późniejszych odmian.Investigations of persistence, yield and earliness of 70 cultivars of 14 fodder grass species were carried out in 1992 - 1997 at Minikowo Agricultural Experimental Station on mineral soil of good rye complex. Orchard grass, meadow timothy and cane fescue cultivars showed the highest persistence, while the meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass were far less persistent. After four years the highest yields were noted for brome grass, high ryegrass, orchard grass and meadow timothy. The differences among the cultivar yields ranged within 10 - 20%. The largest differences in earliness were found for orchard grass, cane fescue and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Later species were most vulnerable to insufficient rainfall and high temperatures, what was confirmed also within the species

Marine Inspired 2-(5-Halo-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamines as Modulators of Serotonin Receptors: An Example Illustrating the Power of Bromine as Part of the Uniquely Marine Chemical Space

In previous studies, we have isolated several marine indole alkaloids and evaluated them in the forced swim test (FST) and locomotor activity test, revealing their potential as antidepressant and sedative drug leads. Amongst the reported metabolites to display such activities was 5-bromo-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Owing to the importance of the judicious introduction of halogens into drug candidates, we synthesized two series built on a 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine scaffold with different halogen substitutions. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antidepressant and sedative activities using the mouse forced swim and locomotor activity tests. Receptor binding studies of these compounds to serotonin (5-HT) receptors were conducted. Amongst the prepared compounds, 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoacetamide (1a), 2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoacetamide (1d), 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (2a), 2-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (2c), 2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (2d), and 2-(5-iodo-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (2e) have been shown to possess significant antidepressant-like action, while compounds 2c, 2d, and 2e exhibited potent sedative activity. Compounds 2a, 2c, 2d, and 2e showed nanomolar affinities to serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT7. The in vitro data indicates that the antidepressant action exerted by these compounds in vivo is mediated, at least in part, via interaction with serotonin receptors. The data presented here shows the valuable role that bromine plays in providing novel chemical space and electrostatic interactions. Bromine is ubiquitous in the marine environment and a common element of marine natural products

Levels of Expression for BMP-7 and Several BMP Antagonists May Play an Integral Role in a Fracture Nonunion: A Pilot Study

Delays in bone healing or even the development of a nonunion could be related to the concentrations and/or functions of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The RNA expression profile of the BMPs within fracture nonunion tissue is unknown. This preliminary descriptive study was performed to define the RNA profiles of the BMPs, their receptors, and their inhibitors within human fracture nonunion tissue and correlate them to matched healing bone. All patients had hypertrophic nonunions. Tissue samples taken from the nonunion site of 15 patients undergoing surgical treatment for an established nonunion were analyzed. The RNA expression patterns of BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-8; BMP receptor Types IA, IB, and II; and the BMP inhibitors chordin, Noggin, Drm (Gremlin), and follistatin were determined in the nonunion (fibrous tissue) and healing bone (callus tissue) using quantitative real-time PCR. Comparison between the nonunion and healing bone samples revealed substantially elevated concentrations of BMP-4, Drm/Gremlin, follistatin, and Noggin in nonunion tissue when compared to healing bone. In contrast, BMP-7 concentration was higher in the healing bone. Our data suggest inhibition of BMP-7, by Drm (Gremlin), follistatin, and Noggin and upregulation of BMP-4 may play an integral role in the development of nonunions