657 research outputs found
The Retardation of Enamel Dissolution Rates by Adsorbed Long-Chain Ammonium Chlorides
Dissolution rate studies were conducted with hydroxyapatite and enamel in the presence of adsorbed surfactants. In general, the ability of the surfactant to retard the dissolution rate was directly related to its ability to adsorb onto apatite. Cetylpyridinium chloride adsorbed poorly onto apatite, and its influence on the dissolution rate was marginal. The long-chain protonated amines were much more effective as rate retarding agents, sometimes of the order of 1,000-, to 10,000-fold. These compounds were also found to adsorb much more strongly. A systematic dependence of the dissolution rate on chain length was found for these amines.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68179/2/10.1177_00220345690480040301.pd
Interactional appraisal models for the anger appraisals of threatened self-esteem, other-blame, and frustration
So happy for your loss: Consumer schadenfreude increases choice satisfaction
Consumers often feel schadenfreude, an emotion reflecting an experience of pleasure over misfortunes of another. Schadenfreude has found wide use in advertising, but its actual consequences for consumers have not been thoroughly documented. The present research investigates the effect of schadenfreude on consumers' satisfaction with choices they have made. Building on the feelingsâasâinformation theory, the authors posit that consumers take their positive feelings of schadenfreude over another's unrelated bad purchase as positive information about their own choices, and through such misattribution become more satisfied with their own choices. Three experiments show that feeling schadenfreude over another consumer's bad purchase makes consumers more satisfied with their own choices (Study 1), regardless of whether the other's bad purchase is in the same or in a different product category as one's own choice (Study 2), but only so long as consumers are not aware that they are engaging in misattribution (Study 3). The present research contributes to the literature on schadenfreude and feelingsâasâinformation theory. Its findings may be used by marketers aiming to exert an unconscious influence on consumer satisfaction
On the strain-energy density in linear elasticity
Standard results from matrix theory are used to derive optimal upper and lower bounds for the strain-energy density in terms of the norm of the stress tensor in two and three dimensions. The approach also yields directly necessary and sufficient conditions for positive-definiteness.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42704/1/10665_2005_Article_BF01535284.pd
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On the role of goal relevance in emotional attention: Disgust evokes early attention to cleanliness
Prior evidence has shown that aversive emotional states are characterised by an attentional bias
towards aversive events. The present study investigated whether aversive emotions also bias attention
towards stimuli that represent means by which the emotion can be alleviated. We induced disgust by
having participants touch fake disgusting objects. Participants in the control condition touched nondisgusting
objects. The results of a subsequent dot-probe task revealed that attention was oriented to
disgusting pictures irrespective of condition. However, participants in the disgust condition also
oriented towards pictures representing cleanliness. These findings suggest that the deployment of
attention in aversive emotional states is not purely stimulus driven but is also guided by the goal to
alleviate this emotional state
LSD alters eyes-closed functional connectivity within the early visual cortex in a retinotopic fashion
The question of how spatially organized activity in the visual cortex behaves during eyes-closed, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-induced âpsychedelic imageryâ (e.g., visions of geometric patterns and more complex phenomena) has never been empirically addressed, although it has been proposed that under psychedelics, with eyes-closed, the brain may function âas ifâ there is visual input when there is none. In this work, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) data was analyzed from 10 healthy subjects under the influence of LSD and, separately, placebo. It was suspected that eyes-closed psychedelic imagery might involve transient local retinotopic activation, of the sort typically associated with visual stimulation. To test this, it was hypothesized that, under LSD, patches of the visual cortex with congruent retinotopic representations would show greater RSFC than incongruent patches. Using a retinotopic localizer performed during a nondrug baseline condition, nonadjacent patches of V1 and V3 that represent the vertical or the horizontal meridians of the visual field were identified. Subsequently, RSFC between V1 and V3 was measured with respect to these a priori identified patches. Consistent with our prior hypothesis, the difference between RSFC of patches with congruent retinotopic specificity (horizontalâhorizontal and verticalâvertical) and those with incongruent specificity (horizontalâvertical and verticalâhorizontal) increased significantly under LSD relative to placebo, suggesting that activity within the visual cortex becomes more dependent on its intrinsic retinotopic organization in the drug condition. This result may indicate that under LSD, with eyes-closed, the early visual system behaves as if it were seeing spatially localized visual inputs
The Influence of Inequality, Responsibility and Justifiability on Reports of Group-Based Guilt for Ingroup Privilege
When Do Consumers Indulge in Luxury? Emotional Certainty Signals When to Indulge to Regulate Affect
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