528 research outputs found
Similarity between positronium-atom and electron-atom scattering
We employ the impulse approximation for description of positronium-atom
scattering. Our analysis and calculations of Ps-Kr and Ps-Ar collisions provide
theoretical explanation of the similarity between the cross sections for
positronium scattering and electron scattering for a range of atomic and
molecular targets observed by S. J. Brawley et al. [Science 330, 789 (2010)].Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Ps-atom scattering at low energies
A pseudopotential for positronium-atom interaction, based on electron-atom
and positron-atom phase shifts, is constructed, and the phase shifts for Ps-Kr
and Ps-Ar scattering are calculated. This approach allows us to extend the
Ps-atom cross sections, obtained previously in the impulse approximation [Phys.
Rev. Lett. 112, 243201 (2014)], to energies below the Ps ionization threshold.
Although experimental data are not available in this low-energy region, our
results describe well the tendency of the measured cross sections to drop with
decreasing velocity at a.u. Our results show that the effect of the
Ps-atom van der Waals interaction is weak compared to the polarization
interaction in electron-atom and positron-atom scattering. As a result, the Ps
scattering length for both Ar and Kr is positive, and the Ramsauer-Townsend
minimum is not observed for Ps scattering from these targets. This makes Ps
scattering quite different from electron scattering in the low-energy region,
in contrast to the intermediate energy range from the Ps ionization threshold
up to a.u., where the two are similar.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure
Dissociative electron attachment and vibrational excitation of : Effect of two vibrational modes revisited
We present a study of dissociative electron attachment and vibrational
excitation processes in electron collisions with the CFCl molecule. The
calculations are based on the two-dimensional nuclear dynamics including the
C-Cl symmetric stretch coordinate and the CF symmetric deformation
(umbrella) coordinate. The complex potential energy surfaces are calculated
using the ab initio R-matrix method. The results for dissociative attachment
and vibrational excitation of the umbrella mode agree quite well with
experiment while the cross section for excitation of the C-Cl symmetric stretch
vibrations is about a factor of three low as compared to experimental data.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Neuroadaptive LBS: towards human-, context-, and task-adaptive mobile geographic information displays to support spatial learning for pedestrian navigation
Well-designed, neuroadaptive mobile geographic information displays (namGIDs) could improve the lives of millions of mobile citizens of the mostly urban information society who daily need to make time critical and societally relevant decisions while navigating. What are the basic perceptual and neurocognitive processes with which individuals make movement decisions when guided by human- and context-adaptive namGIDs? How can we study this in an ecologically valid way, also outside of the highly controlled laboratory? We report first ideas and results from our unique neuroadaptive research agenda that brings us closer to answering this fundamental empirical question. We present our first implemented methodological solutions of novel ambulatory evaluation methods to study and improve Location-based System (LBS) displays, by critical examination of how perceptual, neurocognitive, psychophysiological, and display design factors might influence decision-making and spatial learning in pedestrian mobility across broad ranges of users and mobility contexts
Epidemiological studies on radiation carcinogenesis in human populations following acute exposure: nuclear explosions and medical radiation.
The present review provides an understanding of our current knowledge of the carcinogenic effect of low-dose radiation in man, and surveys the epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to nuclear explosions and medical radiation. Discussion centers on the contributions of quantitative epidemiology to present knowledge, the reliability of the dose-incidence data, and those relevant epidemiological studies that provide the most useful information for risk estimation of cancer induction in man. Reference is made to dose-incidence relationships from laboratory animal experiments where they may obtain, for problems and difficulties in extrapolation from data obtained at high doses to low doses, and from animal data to the human situation. The paper describes the methods of application of such epidemiological data for estimation of excess risk of radiation-induced cancer in exposed human populations and discusses the strengths and limitations of epidemiology in guiding radiation protection philosophy and public health policy
Neuroadaptive mobile geographic information displays: an emerging cartographic research frontier
Mobility, including navigation and wayfinding, is a basic human requirement for survival. For thousands of years maps have played a significant role for human mobility and survival. Increasing reliance on digital GNSS-enabled navigation assistance, however, is impacting human attentional resources and is limiting our innate cognitive spatial abilities. To mitigate human de-skilling, a neuroadaptive (mobile) cartographic research frontier is proposed and first steps towards creating well-designed mobile geographic information displays (mGIDs) that not only respond to navigators’ cognitive load and visuo-spatial attentional resources during navigation in real-time but are also able to scaffold spatial learning while still maintaining navigation efficiency. This in turn, will help humans to remain as independent from geoinformation technology, as desired.
La mobilité, dont la navigation et l'orientation, est un besoin humain fondamental pour la survie. Pendant des milliers d'années, les cartes analogiques ont joué un rôle significatif pour la mobilité humaine et sa survie. Pourtant, la dépendance grandissante vis-à-vis de l'assistance à la navigation à l'aide de données numériques GNSS, impacte les ressources de l'attention humaine et limite nos capacités innées de cognition spatiale. Pour atténuer la perte de compétence humaine, un front de recherche sur la cartographie (mobile) neuroadaptative est proposé ainsi que des premières étapes pour la création d'écrans d'informations géographiques mobile (mGID) bien conçus, qui non seulement répondent à la charge cognitive et aux ressources de l'attention visio-spatiale des utilisateurs navigateurs pendant la navigation temps-réel mais aussi qui soient capables d'élaborer un apprentissage spatial tout en assurant l'efficacité de la navigation. Cela aidera les humains à rester aussi indépendant de la technologie de l'information géographique qu'ils le souhaitent
Positronium collisions with rare-gas atoms
We calculate elastic scattering of positronium (Ps) by the Xe atom using the
recently developed pseudopotential method [I. I. Fabrikant and G. F. Gribakin,
Phys. Rev. A 90, 052717 (2014)] and review general features of Ps scattering
from heavier rare-gas atoms: Ar, Kr, and Xe. The total scattering cross section
is dominated by two contributions: elastic scattering and Ps ionization
(breakup). To calculate the Ps ionization cross sections we use the
binary-encounter method for Ps collisions with an atomic target. Our results
for the ionization cross section agree well with previous calculations carried
out in the impulse approximation. Our total Ps-Xe cross section, when plotted
as a function of the projectile velocity, exhibits similarity with the
electron-Xe cross section for the collision velocities higher than 0.8 a.u.,
and agrees very well with the measurements at Ps velocities above 0.5 a.u.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Phys.
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