ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Chrysoviridae

The Chrysoviridae is a family of small, isometric, non-enveloped viruses (40 nm in diameter) with segmented dsRNA genomes (typically four segments). The genome segments are individually encapsidated and together comprise 11.5–12.8 kbp. The single genus Chrysovirus includes nine species. Chrysoviruses lack an extracellular phase to their life cycle; they are transmitted via intracellular routes within an individual during hyphal growth, in asexual or sexual spores, or between individuals via hyphal anastomosis. There are no known natural vectors for chrysoviruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Chrysoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/chrysoviridae.Peer reviewe

Binary Quantum Turbulence Arising from Countersuperflow Instability in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates

We theoretically study the development of quantum turbulence from two counter-propagating superfluids of miscible Bose-Einstein condensates by numerically solving the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. When the relative velocity exceeds a critical value, the counter-superflow becomes unstable and quantized vortices are nucleated, which leads to isotropic quantum turbulence consisting of two superflows. It is shown that the binary turbulence can be realized experimentally in a trapped system.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Chrysoviridae

Members of the family Chrysoviridae are isometric, non-enveloped viruses with segmented, linear, dsRNA genomes. There are 3–7 genomic segments, each of which is individually encapsidated. Chrysoviruses infect fungi, plants and possibly insects, and may cause hypovirulence in their fungal hosts. Chrysoviruses have no known vectors and lack an extracellular phase to their replication cycle; they are transmitted via intracellular routes within an individual during hyphal growth, in asexual or sexual spores, or between individuals via hyphal anastomosis. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the family Chrysoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/chrysoviridae.Peer reviewe

Countersuperflow instability in miscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

We study theoretically the instability of countersuperflow, i.e., two counterpropagating miscible superflows, in uniform two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. Countersuperflow instability causes mutual friction between the superfluids, causing a momentum exchange between the two condensates, when the relative velocity of the counterflow exceeds a critical value. The momentum exchange leads to nucleation of vortex rings from characteristic density patterns due to the nonlinear development of the instability. Expansion of the vortex rings drastically accelerates the momentum exchange, leading to a highly nonlinear regime caused by intervortex interaction and vortex reconnection between the rings. For a sufficiently large interaction between the two components, rapid expansion of the vortex rings causes isotropic turbulence and the global relative motion of the two condensates relaxes. The maximum vortex line density in the turbulence is proportional to the square of the relative velocity.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: \u3cem\u3eChrysoviridae\u3c/em\u3e

The Chrysoviridae is a family of small, isometric, non-enveloped viruses (40 nm in diameter) with segmented dsRNA genomes (typically four segments). The genome segments are individually encapsidated and together comprise 11.5–12.8 kbp. The single genus Chrysovirus includes nine species. Chrysoviruses lack an extracellular phase to their life cycle; they are transmitted via intracellular routes within an individual during hyphal growth, in asexual or sexual spores, or between individuals via hyphal anastomosis. There are no known natural vectors for chrysoviruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Chrysoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/chrysoviridae

Long-Term Survival of Resected Advanced Gastric Cancer with Hepatic and Pancreatic Invasion

A 64-year-old man was transferred to our division with a suspicion of gastric cancer. Computed tomography showed widespread irregular thickening of the stomach walls close to the liver and pancreas. Gastrointestinal fiberscopy showed a type 5 tumor in the upper to lower stomach, histologically diagnosed as tubular adenocarcinoma. Gastric cancer with hepatic and pancreatic invasion was diagnosed. Distant metastasis was not proven and complete resection was planned. At laparotomy, the tumor showed general expanding growth and invasion through the lateral segment of the liver and pancreas. Total gastrectomy and combined resection of the distal pancreas, spleen and left segment of the liver were performed. Hepatic and pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were microscopically proven. Pancreatic fistula occurred postoperatively. On postoperative days 40, he was discharged. He received two cycles of adjuvant tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil chemotherapy. He has had no sign of recurrence for 7 years and 8 months

Consensus Statement on Proton Therapy in Mesothelioma

Purpose: Radiation therapy for mesothelioma remains challenging, as normal tissue toxicity limits the amount of radiation that can be safely delivered to the pleural surfaces, especially radiation dose to the contralateral lung. The physical properties of proton therapy result in better sparing of normal tissues when treating the pleura, both in the postpneumonectomy setting and the lung-intact setting. Compared with photon radiation, there are dramatic reductions in dose to the contralateral lung, heart, liver, kidneys, and stomach. However, the tissue heterogeneity in the thorax, organ motion, and potential for changing anatomy during the treatment course all present challenges to optimal irradiation with protons. Methods: The clinical data underlying proton therapy in mesothelioma are reviewed here, including indications, advantages, and limitations. Results: The Particle Therapy Cooperative Group Thoracic Subcommittee task group provides specific guidelines for the use of proton therapy for mesothelioma. Conclusions: This consensus report can be used to guide clinical practice, insurance approval, and future research

Suzaku monitoring of hard X-ray emission from η carinae over a single binary orbital cycle

The Suzaku X-ray observatory monitored the supermassive binary system η Carinae 10 times during the whole 5.5 yr orbital cycle between 2005 and 2011. This series of observations presents the first long-term monitoring of this enigmatic system in the extremely hard X-ray band between 15 and 40 keV. During most of the orbit, the 15-25 keV emission varied similarly to the 2-10 keV emission, indicating an origin in the hard energy tail of the kT ∼ 4 keV wind-wind collision (WWC) plasma. However, the 15-25 keV emission declined only by a factor of three around periastron when the 2-10 keV emission dropped by two orders of magnitude due probably to an eclipse of the WWC plasma. The observed minimum in the 15-25 keV emission occurred after the 2-10 keV flux had already recovered by a factor of ∼3. This may mean that the WWC activity was strong, but hidden behind the thick primary stellar wind during the eclipse. The 25-40 keV flux was rather constant through the orbital cycle, at the level measured with INTEGRAL in 2004. This result may suggest a connection of this flux component to the γ-ray source detected in this field. The helium-like Fe Kα line complex at ∼6.7 keV became strongly distorted toward periastron as seen in the previous cycle. The 5-9 keV spectra can be reproduced well with a two-component spectral model, which includes plasma in collision equilibrium and a plasma in non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) with τ ∼ 1011 cm-3 s-1. The NEI plasma increases in importance toward periastron