145 research outputs found
Silmän etuosan uveiittien komplikaatiot aikuisväestössä Pohjois-Suomessa 2008–2017
Tiivistelmä. Tutkimukseni käsittelee anteriorista uveiittia eli silmän etuosan silmänsisäistä tulehdusta. Anterioriseen uveiittiin liittyy tulehdusmuutoksia värikalvolla, etukammiossa ja/tai sädekehässä.
Tutkimus on retrospektiivinen tutkimus, jossa tavoitteena oli tutkia silmän etuosan uveiittien lisäsairauksia ja näön heikentymistä aikuisväestössä. Aineistoon valittiin potilaat Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan Esko-potilastietojärjestelmästä ICD-10 tautiluokitusjärjestelmän diagnoosien H20.0 (Akuutti, puoliakuutti tai uusiutuva iriitti) ja H20.1 (Pitkäaikainen värikalvon ja sädekehän tulehdus) perusteella aikaväliltä 1.1.2008–31.12.2017. Kyseisenä aikana seurannassa oli aikuispotilaita yhteensä 2089, joista syventävien opintojen tutkielmaan valittiin 300 potilaan otos satunnaisesti. Otoksen potilaskertomuksia löytyi Esko-potilastietojärjestelmästä vuodesta 1998 lähtien ja potilaiden tietoja kerättiin koko heidän uveiittisairaushistorian ajalta. Tulokset analysoitiin SPSS-ohjelmalla.
Anatomisen luokittelun mukaan iriittejä sairastavia potilaita oli 225 (75 %). Iridosykliittiä sairasti 19 potilasta (6 %). 56 (19 %) potilaan kohdalla selkeää luokittelua joko iriittiä tai iridosykliittiä sairastavien ryhmään ei voitu tehdä. Potilaista 172 (57 %) oli naisia ja 128 (43 %) miehiä. Ensimmäisen kerran sairastuessaan anterioriseen uveiittiin potilaiden iän keskiarvo oli 46,4 ± 17,8. Akuuttia anteriorista uveiittia sairasti 55 potilasta (18 %), uusiutuvaa eli rekurrenttia uveiittia 61 potilasta (20 %) ja kroonista uveiittia 184 potilasta (61 %). Yksi tai useampi uveiitin lisäsairaus oli 199 potilaalla (66 %) ja 101 potilaalla (34 %) ei ollut lisäsairautta. Kaihia esiintyi 178 potilaalla (59 %), glaukoomaa 94 potilaalla (31 %), makulaturvotusta 48 potilaalla (16 %), papillaturvotusta 17 potilaalla (6 %), bandkeratopatiaa 16 potilaalla (5 %) ja lasiaisen irtaumaa 13 potilaalla (4 %). Riskitekijät lisäsairauksille olivat krooninen taudin kesto (OR=4,6) ja ikä (OR=1,027 yhtä ikävuotta kohden). 71 % (n=142) lisäsairauksista hoidettiin operatiivisesti.
Anteriorisessa uveiitissa on lukuisia lisäsairauksia, jotka monet heikentävät näköä. Riskitekijöitä näön heikentymiseen ovat lisäsairauksien lisäksi niistä aiheutuvat leikkaukset. 45 potilaalla (15 %) toisen tai molempien silmien visukset olivat alle 0,05 tutkimusjakson viimeisellä käynnillä. Vähintään toisen silmän sokeudelle riskitekijöitä olivat ikä (OR=1,021 yhtä ikävuotta kohden), krooninen taudin kesto (OR=4,1), kaikki silmään kohdistuneet leikkaukset (OR=11,8), kaihileikkaus (OR=10,2), glaukoomaleikkaus (OR=4,1), sarveiskalvon siirto (OR=39,1), kaihi (OR=19,1), glaukooma (OR=7,7), bandkeratopatia (OR=8,9) ja kortisoniresponderius (OR=3,0)
Distinguishing among Technicolor/Warped Scenarios in Dileptons
Models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking usually include new spin-1
resonances, whose couplings and masses have to satisfy electroweak precision
tests. We propose to use dilepton searches to probe the underlying structure
responsible for satisfying these. Using the invariant mass spectrum and charge
asymmetry, we can determine the number, parity, and isospin of these
resonances. We pick three models of strong/warped symmetry breaking, and show
that each model produces specific features that reflect this underlying
structure of electroweak symmetry breaking and cancellations.Comment: Added missing referenc
How Well Does AdS/QCD Describe QCD?
AdS/QCD is an extra-dimensional approach to modeling hadronic physics,
motivated by the AdS/CFT correspondence in string theory. AdS/QCD models are
often more accurate than would have been expected at energies below a few GeV.
We address the question of why these models are so successful, and respond to
some of the criticisms that have been waged against these models.Comment: To appear in proceedings of Crossing the Boundaries: Gauge Dynamics
at Strong Coupling (Shifmania), Minnesota, May 14-17, 2009. 12 pages, 2 eps
figure
Anomaly-matching and Higgs-less effective theories
We reconsider the low-energy effective theory for Higgs-less electroweak
symmetry breaking: we study the anomaly-matching in the situation where all
Goldstone fields disappear from the spectrum as a result of the Higgs
mechanism. We find that the global SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_{B-L} symmetry of
the underlying theory, which is spontaneously broken to SU(2)_{L+R} x
U(1)_{B-L} has to be anomaly-free. For the sake of generality, we include the
possibility of light spin-1/2 bound states resulting from the dynamics of the
strongly-interacting symmetry-breaking sector, in addition to the Goldstone
bosons. Such composite fermions may have non-standard couplings at the leading
order, and an arbitrary total B-L charge. In order to perform the
anomaly-matching in that case, we generalize the construction of the
Wess-Zumino effective lagrangian. Composite fermions beyond the three known
generations are theoretically allowed, and there are no restrictions from the
anomaly-matching on their couplings nor on their U(1)_{B-L} charge. Absence of
global anomalies for the composite sector as a whole does not preclude
anomalous triple gauge boson couplings arising from composite fermion
triangular diagrams. On the other hand, the trace of B-L over elementary
fermions must vanish if all Goldstone modes are to disappear from the spectrum.Comment: Keywords: Anomalies in Field and String Theories, Spontaneous
Symmetry Breaking, Beyond the Standard Model, Chiral Lagrangians. 33 pages, 7
figure
Interpolating between low and high energy QCD via a 5D Yang-Mills model
We describe the Goldstone bosons of massless QCD together with an infinite
number of spin-1 mesons. The field content of the model is SU(Nf)xSU(Nf)
Yang-Mills in a compact extra-dimension. Electroweak interactions reside on one
brane. Breaking of chiral symmetry occurs due to the boundary conditions on the
other brane, away from our world, and is therefore spontaneous. Our
implementation of the holographic recipe maintains chiral symmetry explicit
throughout. For intermediate energies, we extract resonance couplings. These
satisfy sum rules due to the 5D nature of the model. These sum rules imply,
when taking the high energy limit, that perturbative QCD constraints are
satisfied. We also illustrate how the 5D model implies a definite prescription
for handling infinite sums over 4D resonances. Taking the low energy limit, we
recover the chiral expansion and the corresponding non-local order parameters.
All local order parameters are introduced separately.Comment: Corresponds to published version, with some typos correcte
Deconstructing Non-Abelian Gauge Theories at One Loop
Deconstruction of 5D Yang-Mills gauge theories is studied in next-to-leading
order accuracy. We calculate one-loop corrections to the mass spectrum of the
non-linear gauged sigma-model, which is the low energy effective theory of the
deconstructed theory. Renormalization is carried out following the standard
procedure of effective field theories. The relation between the radius of the
compactified fifth dimension and the symmetry breaking scale of the non-linear
sigma-model is modified by radiative corrections. We demonstrate that one can
match the low lying spectrum of the gauge boson masses of the effective 4D
gauged non-linear sigma-model to the Kaluza-Klein modes of the 5D theory at
one-loop accuracy
Linear square-mass trajectories of radially and orbitally excited hadrons in holographic QCD
We consider a new approach towards constructing approximate holographic duals
of QCD from experimental hadron properties. This framework allows us to derive
a gravity dual which reproduces the empirically found linear square-mass
trajectories of universal slope for radially and orbitally excited hadrons.
Conformal symmetry breaking in the bulk is exclusively due to infrared
deformations of the anti-de Sitter metric and governed by one free mass scale
proportional to Lambda_QCD. The resulting background geometry exhibits dual
signatures of confinement and provides the first examples of holographically
generated linear trajectories in the baryon sector. The predictions for the
light hadron spectrum include new relations between trajectory slopes and
ground state masses and are in good overall agreement with experiment.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures, updated to the extended version published in
JHEP, vector meson bulk potential and metric corrected, comments and
references added, phenomenology and conclusions unchange
Open string modes at brane intersections
We study systematically the open string modes of a general class of BPS
intersections of branes. We work in the approximation in which one of the
branes is considered as a probe embedded in the near-horizon geometry generated
by the other type of branes. We mostly concentrate on the D3-D5 and D3-D3
intersections, which are dual to defect theories with a massive hypermultiplet
confined to the defect. In these cases we are able to obtain analytical
expressions for the fluctuation modes of the probe and to compute the
corresponding mass spectra of the dual operators in closed form. Other BPS
intersections are also studied and their fluctuation modes and spectra are
found numerically.Comment: 58 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX;v2: typos correcte
Universal contributions to scalar masses from five dimensional supergravity
We compute the effective Kahler potential for matter fields in warped
compactifications, starting from five dimensional gauged supergravity, as a
function of the matter fields localization. We show that truncation to zero
modes is inconsistent and the tree-level exchange of the massive gravitational
multiplet is needed for consistency of the four-dimensional theory. In addition
to the standard Kahler coming from dimensional reduction, we find the quartic
correction coming from integrating out the gravity multiplet. We apply our
result to the computation of scalar masses, by assuming that the SUSY breaking
field is a bulk hypermultiplet. In the limit of extreme opposite localization
of the matter and the spurion fields, we find zero scalar masses, consistent
with sequestering arguments. Surprisingly enough, for all the other cases the
scalar masses are tachyonic. This suggests the holographic interpretation that
a CFT sector always generates operators contributing in a tachyonic way to
scalar masses. Viability of warped su- persymmetric compactifications
necessarily asks then for additional contributions. We discuss the case of
additional bulk vector multiplets with mixed boundary conditions, which is a
partic- ularly simple and attractive way to generate large positive scalar
masses. We show that in this case successful fermion mass matrices implies
highly degenerate scalar masses for the first two generations of squarks and
sleptons.Comment: 23 pages. v2: References added, new section on effect of additional
bulk vector multiplets and phenomenolog
One-Loop Calculation of the Oblique S Parameter in Higgsless Electroweak Models
We present a one-loop calculation of the oblique S parameter within Higgsless
models of electroweak symmetry breaking and analyze the phenomenological
implications of the available electroweak precision data. We use the most
general effective Lagrangian with at most two derivatives, implementing the
chiral symmetry breaking SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R -> SU(2)_{L+R} with Goldstones,
gauge bosons and one multiplet of vector and axial-vector massive resonance
states. Using the dispersive representation of Peskin and Takeuchi and imposing
the short-distance constraints dictated by the operator product expansion, we
obtain S at the NLO in terms of a few resonance parameters. In
asymptotically-free gauge theories, the final result only depends on the
vector-resonance mass and requires M_V > 1.8 TeV (3.8 TeV) to satisfy the
experimental limits at the 3 \sigma (1\sigma) level; the axial state is always
heavier, we obtain M_A > 2.5 TeV (6.6 TeV) at 3\sigma (1\sigma). In
strongly-coupled models, such as walking or conformal technicolour, where the
second Weinberg sum rule does not apply, the vector and axial couplings are not
determined by the short-distance constraints; but one can still derive a lower
bound on S, provided the hierarchy M_V < M_A remains valid. Even in this less
constrained situation, we find that in order to satisfy the experimental limits
at 3\sigma one needs M_{V,A} > 1.8 TeV.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures. Version published in JHEP. Some references and
sentences have been added to facilitate the discussio
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