34,529 research outputs found
Transient lateral photovoltaic effect in patterned metal-oxide-semiconductor films
The time dependent transient lateral photovoltaic effect has been studied
with us time resolution and with chopping frequencies in the kHz range, in
lithographically patterned 21 nm thick, 5, 10 and 20 um wide and 1500 um long
Co lines grown over naturally passivated p-type Si (100). We have observed a
nearly linear dependence of the transitorial response with the laser spot
position. A transitorial response with a sign change in the laser-off stage has
been corroborated by numerical simulations. A qualitative explanation suggests
a modification of the drift-diffusion model by including the in uence of a
local inductance. Our findings indicate that the microstructuring of position
sensitive detectors could improve their space-time resolution.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Insights into the fracture mechanisms and strength of amorphous and nanocomposite carbon
Tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations shed light into the fracture
mechanisms and the ideal strength of tetrahedral amorphous carbon and of
nanocomposite carbon containing diamond crystallites, two of the hardest
materials. It is found that fracture in the nanocomposites, under tensile or
shear load, occurs inter-grain and so their ideal strength is similar to the
pure amorphous phase. The onset of fracture takes place at weakly bonded sp^3
sites in the amorphous matrix. On the other hand, the nanodiamond inclusions
significantly enhance the elastic moduli, which approach those of diamond.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Transient lateral photovoltaic effect in patterned ferromagnetic metal-oxide-semiconductor films
The time dependent transient lateral photovoltaic effect (T-LPE) has been studied with microsecond time resolution and with chopping frequencies in the kHz range, in lithographically patterned 21 nm thick, 5, 10 and 20 micron wide and 1500 micron long Co lines grown over naturally passivated p-type Si (100). We have observed a nearly linear dependence of the LPE transient response with the laser spot position. An unusual T-LPE dynamic response with a sign change in the laser-off stage has also been corroborated by numerical simulations. A qualitative explanation suggests a modification of the drift-diffusion model by including the influence of a local inductance. In addition, influence of anisotropic magnetoresistance of the Co line structure on dynamic response on T-LPE has been investigated. Specifically, we have experimentally investigated influence of the direction of the external magnetic field respect to the drift velocity of the photogenerated carriers on the T-LPE. We have observed notable dependence of the T-LPE on the magnetic field in the small field range (below 100 Oe), compatible with anisotropic magnetoresistance values. The strong influence of the magnetization alignment on the dynamic response of photogenerated carriers has been also observed through a phase sensitive lock-in experiment. These findings indicate that the microstructuring of the ferromagnetic line based position sensitive detectors (PSD) could improve their space-time resolution and add capability of magnetic field tuning of the main PSD characteristicsWe would like to acknowledge Jose Rodrigo and Laura Mart´ın for their help at the initial stage of the experiment as well as Ch. van Haesendonk for the growth of the samples and Arkadi Levanyuk for discussions. We also acknowledge the support by the Spanish MINECO (MAT2012-32743), and the Comunidad de Madrid through NANOFRONTMAG-CM (S2013/MIT-2850) and CCC-UAM (SVORTEX
Herschel GASPS spectral observations of T Tauri stars in Taurus: unraveling far-infrared line emission from jets and discs
At early stages of stellar evolution young stars show powerful jets and/or
outflows that interact with protoplanetary discs and their surroundings.
Despite the scarce knowledge about the interaction of jets and/or outflows with
discs, spectroscopic studies based on Herschel and ISO data suggests that gas
shocked by jets and/or outflows can be traced by far-IR (FIR) emission in
certain sources. We want to provide a consistent catalogue of selected atomic
([OI] and [CII]) and molecular (CO, OH, and HO) line fluxes observed in
the FIR, separate and characterize the contribution from the jet and the disc
to the observed line emission, and place the observations in an evolutionary
picture. The atomic and molecular FIR (60-190 ) line emission of
protoplanetary discs around 76 T Tauri stars located in Taurus are analysed.
The observations were carried out within the Herschel key programme Gas in
Protoplanetary Systems (GASPS). The spectra were obtained with the
Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS). The sample is first divided
in outflow and non-outflow sources according to literature tabulations. With
the aid of archival stellar/disc and jet/outflow tracers and model predictions
(PDRs and shocks), correlations are explored to constrain the physical
mechanisms behind the observed line emission. The much higher detection rate of
emission lines in outflow sources and the compatibility of line ratios with
shock model predictions supports the idea of a dominant contribution from the
jet/outflow to the line emission, in particular at earlier stages of the
stellar evolution as the brightness of FIR lines depends in large part on the
specific evolutionary stage. [Abridged Abstract]Comment: 37 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Impact of distance determinations on Galactic structure. II. Old tracers
Here we review the efforts of a number of recent results that use old tracers
to understand the build up of the Galaxy. Details that lead directly to using
these old tracers to measure distances are discussed. We concentrate on the
following: (1) the structure and evolution of the Galactic bulge and inner
Galaxy constrained from the dynamics of individual stars residing therein; (2)
the spatial structure of the old Galactic bulge through photometric
observations of RR Lyrae-type stars; (3) the three\--dimensional structure,
stellar density, mass, chemical composition, and age of the Milky Way bulge as
traced by its old stellar populations; (4) an overview of RR Lyrae stars known
in the ultra-faint dwarfs and their relation to the Galactic halo; and (5)
different approaches for estimating absolute and relative cluster ages.Comment: Review article, 80 pages (25 figures); Space Science Reviews, in
press (chapter of a special collection resulting from the May 2016 ISSI-BJ
workshop on Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age
Metal-to-insulator transition and magnetic ordering in CaRu_{1-x}Cu_xO_3
CaRuO_3 is perovskite with an orthorhombic distortion and is believed to be
close to magnetic ordering. Magnetic studies of single crystal and
polycrystalline CaRu_{1-x}Cu_xO_3 (0\le x \le 15 at.%Cu) reveal that
spin-glass-like transition develops for x\le 7 at.%Cu and obtained value for
effective magnetic moment p_{eff}=3.55 mu_B for x=5 at.% Cu, single crystal,
indicates presence of Ru^{5+}. At higher Cu concentrations more complex
magnetic behaviors are observed. Electrical resistivity measured on
polycrystalline samples shows metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) at 51 K for
only 2 at.% Cu. Charge compensation, which is assumed to be present upon
Cu^{2+/3+} substitution, induces appearance of Ru^{5+} and/or creation of
oxygen vacancies in crystal structure. Since the observed changes in physical
properties are completely attributable to the charge compensation, they cannot
be related to behaviors of pure compound where no such mechanism is present.
This study provides the criterion for "good" chemical probes for studying
Ru-based perovskites.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Automated detection of lung nodules in low-dose computed tomography
A computer-aided detection (CAD) system for the identification of pulmonary
nodules in low-dose multi-detector computed-tomography (CT) images has been
developed in the framework of the MAGIC-5 Italian project. One of the main
goals of this project is to build a distributed database of lung CT scans in
order to enable automated image analysis through a data and cpu GRID
infrastructure. The basic modules of our lung-CAD system, consisting in a 3D
dot-enhancement filter for nodule detection and a neural classifier for
false-positive finding reduction, are described. The system was designed and
tested for both internal and sub-pleural nodules. The database used in this
study consists of 17 low-dose CT scans reconstructed with thin slice thickness
(~300 slices/scan). The preliminary results are shown in terms of the FROC
analysis reporting a good sensitivity (85% range) for both internal and
sub-pleural nodules at an acceptable level of false positive findings (1-9
FP/scan); the sensitivity value remains very high (75% range) even at 1-6
FP/scanComment: 4 pages, 2 figures: Proceedings of the Computer Assisted Radiology
and Surgery, 21th International Congress and Exhibition, Berlin, Volume 2,
Supplement 1, June 2007, pp 357-35
Mechanism of thermally activated c-axis dissipation in layered High-T superconductors at high fields
We propose a simple model which explains experimental behavior of -axis
resistivity in layered High-T superconductors at high fields in a limited
temperature range. It is generally accepted that the in-plane dissipation at
low temperatures is caused by small concentration of mobile pancake vortices
whose diffusive motion is thermally activated. We demonstrate that in such
situation a finite conductivity appears also in -direction due to the phase
slips between the planes caused by the mobile pancakes. The model gives
universal relation between the components of conductivity which is in good
agreement with experimental data.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 2 Postscript figure
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