1,342 research outputs found
Phase transition between d-wave and anisotropic s-wave gaps in high temperature oxides superconductors
We study models for superconductivity with two interactions: due to
antiferromagnetic(AF) fluctuations and due to phonons, in a weak coupling
approach to the high temperature superconductivity. The nature of the two
interactions are considerably different; is positive and sharply peaked
at (,) while is negative and peaked at () due to
weak phonon screening. We numerically find (a) weak BCS attraction is enough to
have high critical temperature if a van Hove anomaly is at work, (b) (AF)
is important to give d-wave superconductivity, (c) the gap order parameter
is constant(s-wave) at extremely overdope region and it
changes to anisotropic s-wave as doping is reduced, (d) there exists a first
order phase transition between d-wave and anisotropic s-wave gaps. These
results are qualitatively in agreement with preceding works; they should be
modified in the strongly underdope region by the presence of antiferromagnetic
fluctuations and ensuing AF pseudogap.Comment: 4 pages in RevTex (double column), 4 figure
A new neutron study of the short range order inversion in FeCr
We have performed new neutron diffuse scattering measurements in
FeCr solid solutions, in a concentration range 0x0.15, where
the atomic distribution shows an inversion of the short range order. By
optimizing the signal-background ratio, we obtain an accurate determination of
the concentration of inversion x =0.110(5). We determine the near neighbor
atomic short range order parameters and pair potentials, which change sign at
x. The experimental results are compared with previous first principle
calculations and atomistic simulations.Comment: 6 pages; 6 figure
Spatial Correlation of Conduction Electrons in Metal with Complicated Geometry Of The Fermi Surface
The "density-density" correlation function of conduction electrons in metal
is investigated. It is shown, that the asymptotic behaviour of the CF depends
on the shape and the local geometry of the Fermi surface. In particular, the
exponent of power law which describes the damping of Friedel oscillations at
large r (-4 for an isotropic Fermi gas) is determined by local geometry of the
FS. The applications of the obtained results to calculations of the CF in a
metal near the electron topological transition and of the RKKY exchange
integral are considered as well.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures upon request (to appear in J.Phys.:CM,
1993
Vacuum Polarization and Screening of Supercritical Impurities in Graphene
Screening of charge impurities in graphene is analyzed using the exact
solution for vacuum polarization obtained from the massless Dirac-Kepler
problem. For the impurity charge below certain critical value no density
perturbation is found away from the impurity, in agreement with the linear
response theory result. For supercritical charge, however, the polarization
distribution is shown to have a power law profile, leading to screening of the
excess charge at large distances. The Dirac-Kepler scattering states give rise
to standing wave oscillations in the local density of states which appear and
become prominent in the supercritical regime.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Friedel Oscillations and Charge-density Waves Pinning in Quasi-one-dimensional Conductors: An X-ray Access
We present an x-ray diffraction study of the Vanadium-doped blue bronze
K0.3(Mo0.972V0.028)O3. At low temperature, we have observed both an intensity
asymmetry of the +-2kF satellite reflections relative to the pure compound, and
a profile asymmetry of each satellite reflections. We show that the profile
asymmetry is due to Friedel oscillation around the V substituant and that the
intensity asymmetry is related to the charge density wave (CDW) pinning. These
two effects, intensity and profile asymmetries, gives for the first time access
to the local properties of CDW in disordered systems, including the pinning and
even the phase shift of FOs.Comment: 4 pages REVTEX, 5 figure
Disclinations, dislocations and continuous defects: a reappraisal
Disclinations, first observed in mesomorphic phases, are relevant to a number
of ill-ordered condensed matter media, with continuous symmetries or frustrated
order. They also appear in polycrystals at the edges of grain boundaries. They
are of limited interest in solid single crystals, where, owing to their large
elastic stresses, they mostly appear in close pairs of opposite signs. The
relaxation mechanisms associated with a disclination in its creation, motion,
change of shape, involve an interplay with continuous or quantized dislocations
and/or continuous disclinations. These are attached to the disclinations or are
akin to Nye's dislocation densities, well suited here. The notion of 'extended
Volterra process' takes these relaxation processes into account and covers
different situations where this interplay takes place. These concepts are
illustrated by applications in amorphous solids, mesomorphic phases and
frustrated media in their curved habit space. The powerful topological theory
of line defects only considers defects stable against relaxation processes
compatible with the structure considered. It can be seen as a simplified case
of the approach considered here, well suited for media of high plasticity
or/and complex structures. Topological stability cannot guarantee energetic
stability and sometimes cannot distinguish finer details of structure of
defects.Comment: 72 pages, 36 figure
Theoretical analysis of the transmission phase shift of a quantum dot in the presence of Kondo correlations
We study the effects of Kondo correlations on the transmission phase shift of
a quantum dot coupled to two leads in comparison with the experimental
determinations made by Aharonov-Bohm (AB) quantum interferometry. We propose
here a theoretical interpretation of these results based on scattering theory
combined with Bethe ansatz calculations. We show that there is a factor of 2
difference between the phase of the S-matrix responsible for the shift in the
AB oscillations, and the one controlling the conductance. Quantitative
agreement is obtained with experimental results for two different values of the
coupling to the leads.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Sum Rules and Ward Identities in the Kondo Lattice
We derive a generalized Luttinger-Ward expression for the Free energy of a
many body system involving a constrained Hilbert space. In the large limit,
we are able to explicity write the entropy as a functional of the Green's
functions. Using this method we obtain a Luttinger sum rule for the Kondo
lattice. One of the fascinating aspects of the sum rule, is that it contains
two components, one describing the heavy electron Fermi surface, the other, a
sea of oppositely charged, spinless fermions. In the heavy electron state, this
sea of spinless fermions is completely filled and the electron Fermi surface
expands by one electron per unit cell to compensate the positively charged
background, forming a ``large'' Fermi surface. Arbitrarily weak magnetism
causes the spinless Fermi sea to annihilate with part of the Fermi sea of the
conduction electrons, leading to a small Fermi surface. Our results thus enable
us to show that the Fermi surface volume contracts from a large, to a small
volume at a quantum critical point. However, the sum rules also permit the
possible formation of a new phase, sandwiched between the antiferromagnet and
the heavy electron phase, where the charged spinless fermions develop a true
Fermi surface.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures. Version two contains a proof of the "Entropy
formula" which connects the entropy directly to the Green's functions.
Version three contains corrections to typos and a more extensive discussion
of the physics at finite
Techniques to improve technological and sanitary quality
Agronomical ways for better quality and safety
Choice of cultivar is an efficient way to obtain higher grain quality. Intercropping legumes (grain or forage) improves weed competition and N availability for wheat crop or succeeding crop. Green manure can be an effective alternative to farmyard manure. Fertilization with readily available nitrogen improves yield and quality when water is available. Reduced tillage affects soil fertility and wheat yield but has little effects on grain quality.
Technological ways for better quality and safety
Milling process strongly influences flour characteristics. Stone milling improves nutritive value; characteristics remain very stable independent of the milling yield. Flour characteristics from roller milling appear very susceptible to the milling yield. Increasing the milling yield in the aim of enriching nutritional quality has a detrimental effect either on safety (DON) or on bread-making quality (bread volume)
Lattice Distortion and Magnetism of 3d- Perovskite Oxides
Several puzzling aspects of interplay of the experimental lattice distortion
and the the magnetic properties of four narrow -band perovskite oxides
(YTiO, LaTiO, YVO, and LaVO) are clarified using results of
first-principles electronic structure calculations. First, we derive parameters
of the effective Hubbard-type Hamiltonian for the isolated bands using
newly developed downfolding method for the kinetic-energy part and a hybrid
approach, based on the combination of the random-phase approximation and the
constraint local-density approximation, for the screened Coulomb interaction
part. Then, we solve the obtained Hamiltonian using a number of techniques,
including the mean-field Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation, the second-order
perturbation theory for the correlation energy, and a variational superexchange
theory. Even though the crystal-field splitting is not particularly large to
quench the orbital degrees of freedom, the crystal distortion imposes a severe
constraint on the form of the possible orbital states, which favor the
formation of the experimentally observed magnetic structures in YTiO,
YVO_, and LaVO even at the HF level. Beyond the HF approximation, the
correlations effects systematically improve the agreement with the experimental
data. Using the same type of approximations we could not reproduce the correct
magnetic ground state of LaTiO. However, we expect that the situation may
change by systematically improving the level of approximations for dealing with
the correlation effects.Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, 8 tables, high-quality figures are available
via e-mai
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