Burnout Among Physicians, Advanced Practice Clinicians and Staff in Smaller Primary Care Practices.

BACKGROUND: Burnout among primary care physicians, advanced practice clinicians (nurse practitioners and physician assistants [APCs]), and staff is common and associated with negative consequences for patient care, but the association of burnout with characteristics of primary care practices is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between physician-, APC- and staff-reported burnout and specific structural, organizational, and contextual characteristics of smaller primary care practices. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of survey data collected from 9/22/2015-6/19/2017. SETTING: Sample of smaller primary care practices in the USA participating in a national initiative focused on improving the delivery of cardiovascular preventive services. PARTICIPANTS: 10,284 physicians, APCs and staff from 1380 primary care practices. MAIN MEASURE: Burnout was assessed with a validated single-item measure. KEY RESULTS: Burnout was reported by 20.4% of respondents overall. In a multivariable analysis, burnout was slightly more common among physicians and APCs (physician vs. non-clinical staff, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.49, APC vs. non-clinical staff, aOR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.10-1.62). Other multivariable correlates of burnout included non-solo practice (2-5 physician/APCs vs. solo practice, aOR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.35-2.16), health system affiliation (vs. physician/APC-owned practice, aOR = 1.42; 95%CI, 1.16-1.73), and Federally Qualified Health Center status (vs. physician/APC-owned practice, aOR = 1.36; 95%CI, 1.03-1.78). Neither the proportion of patients on Medicare or Medicaid, nor practice-level patient volume (patient visits per physician/APC per day) were significantly associated with burnout. In analyses stratified by professional category, practice size was not associated with burnout for APCs, and participation in an accountable care organization was associated with burnout for clinical and non-clinical staff. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout is prevalent among physicians, APCs, and staff in smaller primary care practices. Members of solo practices less commonly report burnout, while members of health system-owned practices and Federally Qualified Health Centers more commonly report burnout, suggesting that practice level autonomy may be a critical determinant of burnout

Oil palm for biodiesel in Brazil-risks and opportunities

Although mainly used for other purposes, and historically mainly established at the expense of tropical forests, oil palm can be the most land efficient feedstock for biodiesel. Large parts of Brazil are suitable for oil palm cultivation and a series of policy initiatives have recently been launched to promote oil palm production. These initiatives are however highly debated both in the parliament and in academia. Here we present results of a high resolution modelling study of opportunities and risks associated with oil palm production for biodiesel in Brazil, under different energy, policy, and infrastructure scenarios. Oil palm was found to be profitable on extensive areas, including areas under native vegetation where establishment would cause large land use change (LUC) emissions. However, some 40-60 Mha could support profitable biodiesel production corresponding to approximately 10% of the global diesel demand, without causing direct LUC emissions or impinging on protected areas. Pricing of LUC emissions could make oil palm production unprofitable on most lands where conversion would impact on native ecosystems and carbon stocks, if the carbon price is at the level $125/tC, or higher

Factors Associated With Use of Quality Improvement Strategies Among Small-to Medium Size Primary Care Practices in the United States.

Context: Improving health care quality in small-to-medium-size primary care practices, where the majority of Americans receive care, is a national priority, but little is known about these practices\u27 ability to use quality improvement (QI) strategies to deliver high quality care. Objective: To examine variations in the use of QI strategies across small-to-medium primary care practices and to assess practice-level factors associated with variations. Design: Cross-sectional study. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the independent relationship between practice characteristics and the use of QI strategies as measured by the strategies scale of the Change Process Capability Questionnaire (CPCQ), a validated instrument designed to measure practice use of QI strategies. Setting: Data from 1,091 small-to-medium-size practices (≤10 clinicians) in 12 US states engaged in a national initiative to improve quality of care for heart health. Participants: Survey of practice leaders to assess practices characteristics and use of improvement strategies. Results: Of the practices surveyed, 84% had 10 or fewer clinicians, 21% had experienced multiple disruptive changes in the prior year, and most had meaningful use-certified electronic health records. Mean CPCQ strategies score was 8.6 (range -28 to +28, SD=12.2). Mean CPCQ scores were higher for practices that were part of accountable care organizations (+2.06, p=0.006) or had participated in demonstration projects (+1.59, p=0.04). Also, practices that discussed clinical quality data during meetings, that had someone in practice to configure EHR quality reports, and that had produced quality reports at least once in the prior six months had higher CPCQ strategies scores. Practices experiencing major disruptive changes had lower mean CPCQ scores (-3.0, p=0.001). Conclusion: Use of QI strategies varied greatly among small-to-medium-size primary care practices. Findings suggest that strengthening organizational makeup, increasing practice EHR capabilities and reducing organizational disruption could enhance the quality of care delivered by small-to-medium-size practic

Humanización en contexto pediátrico: el papel de los payasos en la mejora del ambiente vivido por el niño hospitalizado Interface

Valorizando a importância dos aspetos psicossociais da internação pediátrica, e procurando a criança “por detrás” do corpo doente, vários hospitais têm investido na humanização de espaços, rotinas e atmosfera, procurando promover ambientes acolhedores e atenuantes das experiências negativas vividas pela criança (e família) durante a internação. A par de uma tentativa de sistematização de alguns dos esforços realizados até a data em nível da definição do conceito de “humanização” – nomeadamente em contexto pediátrico –, reflete-se acerca das potencialidades de alguns programas existentes nesse contexto, nomeadamente aqueles que aliam a arte, a recreação, o lazer e o humor como meios privilegiados de comunicação e expressão. Entre estes, destaca-se a intervenção dos palhaços de hospital, como promotora da livre expressão da criança, da sua autonomia, criatividade, exploração e conhecimento do mundo e consequente desenvolvimento psicossocial.In order to place value on the importance of psychosocial aspects of pediatric hospitalization, and to seek the child “behind” the sick body, many hospitals have been investing in humanizing their spaces, routines, and atmospheres aiming welcoming environments that will reduce the negative experiences of the children and their families during the hospital stay. In this paper, an attempt was made to systematize some of the efforts undertaken so far to define the concept of “humanization” specifically in the pediatric context. Reflections on the potential of some existing programs within this context are also provided, specifically those that combine art, recreation, leisure activities and humor as preferred means of communication and expression. Among these, interventions by hospital clowns are highlighted as promoters of free expression among children, along with autonomy, creativity, exploration, and knowledge of the world, with consequent psychosocial development.Valorizando la importancia de los aspectos psicosociales de la internación pediátrica y buscando al niño “por detrás” del cuerpo enfermo, varios hospitales han invertido en la humanización de sus espacios, rutinas y atmósfera, promovendo ambientes acogedores y atenuadores de las experiencias negativas vividas por el niño durante la internación. En el presente artículo, juntamente con un intento de sistematización de esfuerzos hasta la fecha en el ámbito de la definición de “humanización”, principalmente en el contexto pediátrico, se reflexiona sobre las potencialidades de algunos programas existentes, principalmente aquellos que unen el arte, la recreación, el ocio y el humor como medios privilegiados de comunicación y de expresión. Entre ellos, los autores destacan la intervención de los payasos de hospital, como promotora de la libre expresión del niño, de su autonomía, creatividad, exploración y conocimiento del mundo y su desarrollo psicosocial.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio