858 research outputs found
Meanings and Messages of The Song Lyrics in Iwan Fals' "Wakil Rakyat" Album
The purpose of this study was to investigate the Meanings and Messages of The Song Lyrics. This study used qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The researcher employed himself to collect the data by reading whole lyrics of the songs contained in the album and listening to them, marking the sentences that matter. The researcher used the songs of Iwan Fals in his album entitled Wakil Rakyat. After analyzing the lyric of the song which are composed by Iwan Fals, the researcher made the conclusion. The researcher concluded that each song in this album contains different meanings and messages even though some songs have the similarity. The following were the meaning and message contained in each song; conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, collocative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, and thematic meaning. While the song’s message is Iwan Fals giving advice, criticism, and appeals to teachers, students, the Indonesian legislative assembly, children, parents, farmers, employees, and a variety of other professions. There are numerous terms with various meanings and messages. The conclusion is that a composer or songwriter manipulates words or languages to create an appeal to the lyrics to express his experience. Song lovers, teachers, students, and everyone else who enjoys listening to music should be able to understand the song’s meaning and message thanks to this research.
Keywords: meanings, messages, song lyrics of Iwan Fals, “Wakil Rakya
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GELATINASE ACTIVITY AND PELLICLE FORMATION AMONG EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE AND NON-EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII FROM DIABETIC FOOT ULCER INFECTIONS
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the gelatinase activity and pellicle formation in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from diabetic foot ulcer infection (DFI).Methods: A total of 42 isolates of A. baumannii recovered from patients of DFI from September 2016 to February 2018. Isolates were identified by the standard microbiological method and confirmed by the BD Phoenix 100 system. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and ESBL was detected by double disk diffusion synergy test method. Gelatinase production was determined by the Luria Bertani agar supplemented with 30 g/L gelatin, and pellicle formation was determined by the Mueller-Hinton broth which is incubated at two different temperatures.Results: A total of 42 A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant. Among 21 isolates, each was ESBL and non-ESBL producers. Pellicle formation at 25°C in ESBL and non-ESBL producer isolates was 47.61% (10/21) and 28.57% (06/21). Pellicle formation at 37°C in ESBL and non-ESBL producer isolates was 57.14% (12/21) and 42.85% (09/21), respectively. Gelatinase production was present in 38.09% ESBL and 28.57% in non-ESBL producers. ESBL strains were more virulent compared to non-ESBL producers among patients of DFIs.Conclusion: This study showed that pellicle formation at 37°C was highly virulent due to ESBL producers. Gelatinase production was elevated in ESBL compared to non-ESBL producer isolates. This attribute of the isolates could render ESBL positive more pathogenic. Colistin and polymyxin B are the only choices of treatment for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections
Combining ability studies in restorer lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
The restorer lines are used to get fertile hybrids in hybrid seed production system of sunflower. Improve-ment of R-lines for fertility and oil content of sunflower is required to get desirable hybrids upon crossing. In the pre-sent study, 6 restorer lines were crossed in full diallele and both direct and reciprocal crosses along with parents were evaluated for their combining ability. The analysis of variance revealed higher magnitude of SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters studied except for days to 50 per cent flowering. Among six parents, GMU -520 and R-GM-41 were best general combiner for plant height, head diameter, test weight and leaf size in the desired direction. However, GMU-520 has advantage of yield per plant and oil content. From 15 direct crosses R-GM-41 x R -GM-49 exhibited significant specific combining ability for viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (-1.08), plant height (13.69), head diameter (4.79), leaf size (0.74), yield per plant (17.14), volume weight (2.54), test weight (1.75) and oil content (0.34) followed by RCR-630 x GMU-520, R-GM-41 x EC-602060, R-GM-49 x GMU-520 and EC-602060 x GMU-520 each exhibiting good specific combining ability for majority of characters. Among reciprocal crosses R-GM -41 x RCR-8 exhibited a high reciprocal effects for head diameter (4.57), yield per plant (15.16), test weight (2.02) and leaf size (0.75)
Testing whether muon neutrino flavor mixing is maximal
The small difference between the survival probabilities of muon neutrino and
antineutrino beams, traveling through earth matter in a long baseline
experiment such as MINOS, is shown to be an important measure of any possible
deviation from maximality in the flavor mixing of those states.Comment: Some revision has been made in the experimental discussions with two
new figures replacing the old ones and a clarification of the accuracy of the
perturbative result has been included. This version will be published in
Physical Review Letters. Title changed as asked by the editors of Physical
Review Letter
Detecting matter effects in long baseline experiments
Experiments strongly suggest that the flavour mixing responsible for the
atmospheric neutrino anomaly is very close to being maximal. Thus, it is of
great theoretical as well as experimental importance to measure any possible
deviation from maximality. In this context, we reexamine the effects of matter
interactions in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. Contrary to
popular belief, the muon neutrino survival probability is shown to be quite
sensitive to matter effects. Moreover, for moderately long baselines, the
difference between the survival probilities for and is
shown to be large and sensitive to the deviation of from
maximality. Performing a realistic analysis, we demonstrate that a muon-storage
ring -source alongwith an iron calorimeter detector can measure such
deviations. (Contrary to recent claims, this is not so for the NuMI--{\sc
minos} experiment.) We also discuss the possible correlation in measuring
and in such experiment.Comment: 18 pages, LaTe
Heterogeneity in Bank Valuation of LCD Debt: Evidence from the 1988 Brazilian Debt-Reduction Program
debt ; financial market
Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiment for Precise Measurements of Mixing Parameters and CP Violating Effects
We analyze the prospects of a feasible, Brookhaven National Laboratory based,
very long baseline (BVLB) neutrino oscillation experiment consisting of a
conventional horn produced low energy wide band beam and a detector of 500 kT
fiducial mass with modest requirements on event recognition and resolution.
Such an experiment is intended primarily to determine CP violating effects in
the neutrino sector for 3-generation mixing. We analyze the sensitivity of such
an experiment. We conclude that this experiment will allow determination of the
CP phase and the currently unknown mixing parameter
, if , a value times
lower than the present experimental upper limit. In addition to
and , the experiment has great potential for precise measurements
of most other parameters in the neutrino mixing matrix including , , ,
and the mass ordering of neutrinos through the observation of the matter effect
in the appearance channel.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Theta-13 as a Probe of Mu-Tau symmetry for Leptons
Many experiments are being planned to measure the neutrino mixing parameter
using reactor as well as accelerator neutrino beams. In this
note, the theoretical significance of a high precision measurement of this
parameter is discussed. It is emphasized that it will provide crucial
information about different ways to understand the origin of large atmospheric
neutrino mixing and move us closer towards determining the neutrino mass
matrix. For instance if exact symmetry in the
neutrino mass matrix is assumed to be the reason for maximal
mixing, one gets . Whether or can provide information about the way the
symmetry breaking manifests in the case of normal hierarchy. We also discuss
the same question for inverted hierarchy as well as possible gauge theories
with this symmetry.Comment: 12 pages; no figures; latex; more exact expressions given for some
parameters and minor typos corrected; paper accepted for publication in JHE
Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of hepatitis B and C among Iraqi health care workers
Background: Many workers have described the prevalence of HBV markers and anti-HCV among selected populations including health care personnel in Iraq. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic characteristics and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in a sample of Iraqi health care workers (HCWs).
Materials and methods: A total of 1656 HCWs selected from Baghdad city was included in this study. A questionnaire form was filled for each HCW by direct interview. The data requested
included demographic characteristics and risk factors of exposure to HBV and HCV. HCWs were screened for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV.
Results: A higher prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV was demonstrated among males (7.8%, 44.7% and 2.13%, respectively) than females (3.3%, 34.8% and 0.99%, respectively). The HBsAg carrier rates were decreasing with advancing age, while anti-HBs and anti-HCV showed an increase with advancing age. A higher rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV was detected among HCWs from low socioeconomic level than those from high socioeconomic level. Health personnel who had a personal history of hepatitis were more likely to be HBsAg positive than those without such a risk factor and HCWs with personal or family history of hepatitis were more likely to have anti-HBs than those without such risk factors. Health personnel with personal history of hepatitis or blood transfusion had significantly higher prevalence of anti-HCV when compared with those
without such risk factors.
Conclusion: This study indicates that non-paranteral route is the major route of transmission of HBV infection, while paranteral route is the major route for transmission of HCV among the health personnel
Standard Model CP violation in Polarised b->d l^+ l^-
In the standard model, we study CP violating rate asymmetries in the decay
b->d l^+ l^- when one of the leptons is polarised. We find an asymmetry of (5
-- 15)% in the polarised decay spectrum which is comparable to known results
for the unpolarised case. In the kinematic region separating the rho-omega and
resonances, which is also theoretically cleanest, the polarised
contribution to the asymmetry is larger than the unpolarised results. In order
to observe a 3 sigma signal for direct CP violation in the polarised spectrum,
assuming 100% efficiency, about 10^10 pairs are required at a B
factory. Our results indicate an asymmetric contribution from the individual
polarisation states to the unpolarised CP asymmetry. Taking advantage of this,
one can attribute any new physics to be most sensitive to a specific
polarisation state.Comment: 23 pages, one reference adde
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