Les tumeurs parotidiennes

Objectif : Les tumeurs des glandes salivaires sont rares, dominées en fréquence par les tumeurs parotidiennes. elles sont caractérisées par une grande hétérogénéité morpho-histologique. Les formes bénignes sont les plus fréquentes dominées par l’adénome pléomorphe. Le traitement de ces tumeurs demeure chirurgical en premier lieu.Matériel et méthodes: Cette étude est rétrospective portant sur 47 cas de tumeurs parotidiennes sur une période de 10 ans (janvier 2000 à décembre 2009). L’étude des dossiers nous a permis de relever toutes les données cliniques et thérapeutiques. Notre recul est de deux ans.Résultats : L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 42 ans avec un sex-ratio de 2,58. Les tumeurs bénignes représentaient 89 % et 11 % étaient malignes. L’adénome pléomorphe était la tumeur bénigne la plus fréquente. La tumeur maligne la plus commune était le carcinome muco-épidermoïde. Le traitement de choix est la parotidectomie partielle ou totale. Cependant, la paralysie du nerf facial reste la complication principale de la chirurgie parotidienne.Conclusion : Les formes bénignes sont prédominante s, dont le plus fréquent demeure l’adénome pléomorphe. L’imagerie moderne permet une approche histopathologique de nature. Le traitement de choix est la parotidectomie totale ou partielle. La radiothérapie peut être indiquée dans les formes malignes.Mots-clés : Tumeur, Parotide, Adénome pléomorphe, Maligne, Chirurgie

Ресурсоэффективные системы в управлении и контроле: взгляд в будущее: сборник научных трудов VII Международной конференции школьников, студентов, аспирантов, молодых ученых, 8 -13 октября 2018 г., г. Томск

В сборнике представлены материалы VII Международной конференции школьников, студентов, аспирантов, молодых ученых "Ресурсоэффективные системы в управлении и контроле: взгляд в будущее". Более 500 авторов из 35 вузов, предприятий и научных исследовательских университетов России, ближнего и дальнего зарубежья представили тезисы своих докладов, в которых рассматриваются актуальные проблемы неразрушающего контроля и технической диагностики, внедрения систем менеджмента, качества образования, управления в современной экономике. Материалы предназначены для специалистов, преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов вузов, а также для всех интересующихся проблемами ресурсоэффективных технологий

Intraspecies Variation in the Emergence of Hyperinfectious Bacterial Strains in Nature

Salmonella is a principal health concern because of its endemic prevalence in food and water supplies, the rise in incidence of multi-drug resistant strains, and the emergence of new strains associated with increased disease severity. Insights into pathogen emergence have come from animal-passage studies wherein virulence is often increased during infection. However, these studies did not address the prospect that a select subset of strains undergo a pronounced increase in virulence during the infective process- a prospect that has significant implications for human and animal health. Our findings indicate that the capacity to become hypervirulent (100-fold decreased LD50) was much more evident in certain S. enterica strains than others. Hyperinfectious salmonellae were among the most virulent of this species; restricted to certain serotypes; and more capable of killing vaccinated animals. Such strains exhibited rapid (and rapidly reversible) switching to a less-virulent state accompanied by more competitive growth ex vivo that may contribute to maintenance in nature. The hypervirulent phenotype was associated with increased microbial pathogenicity (colonization; cytotoxin production; cytocidal activity), coupled with an altered innate immune cytokine response within infected cells (IFN-β; IL-1β; IL-6; IL-10). Gene expression analysis revealed that hyperinfectious strains display altered transcription of genes within the PhoP/PhoQ, PhoR/PhoB and ArgR regulons, conferring changes in the expression of classical virulence functions (e.g., SPI-1; SPI-2 effectors) and those involved in cellular physiology/metabolism (nutrient/acid stress). As hyperinfectious strains pose a potential risk to human and animal health, efforts toward mitigation of these potential food-borne contaminants may avert negative public health impacts and industry-associated losses

Impact of flexible pavement structural response on rolling resistance and vehicle fuel economy

Reduction in vehicle Fuel Consumption (FC) is one of the main benefits considered in technical and economic evaluations of road improvements. Surface roughness, texture, and structural response are the main pavement characteristics influencing rolling resistance. This paper investigates the increase in FC caused by the structural response of a flexible pavement (AC). It was proven that this energy is equal to the dissipated energy in the pavement itself due to the deformation of pavement materials under passing vehicles, including delayed deformation of viscoelastic materials and other damping effects that consume energy in the pavement and subgrade. The structural response to moving vehicles was calculated under different conditions of wheel loading, vehicle speed, and pavement temperature using a time domain dynamic viscoelastic solution (ViscoWave II-M). The energy dissipated (Wdiss) in the pavement is first evaluated and subsequently converted into FC excess, expressed as a percentage of total FC. The FC due to the structural response represents less than 0.56% of the truck’s FC at pavements average temperatures below 19°C. Fuel excess is about 1% at 27°C and can exceed 2% if the temperature is higher than 40°C at a speed of 57 km/h. It was also shown that the pavement structure affects significantly the results. Increasing the thickness of the layers reduces the Wdiss. A 50% increase in the AC thickness causes the Wdissto decrease by 43.5% from its original value. On the other hand, an increase of the aggregate base thickness has negligible effects on the Wdiss

Mitochondrial DNA variation in the caramote prawn Penaeus (Melicertus) kerathurus across a transition zone in the Mediterranean Sea

In this study we analysed mitochondrial DNA variation in Penaeus kerathurus prawns collected from seven locations along a transect across the Siculo–Tunisian region in order to verify if any population structuring exists over a limited geographical scale and to delineate the putative transition zone with sufficient accuracy. Partial DNA sequences of COI and 16S genes were analysed. In contrast to the highly conservative 16S gene, the COI sequences exhibited sufficient diversity for population analysis. The COI gene revealed low levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversities. The size of the annual landings of this commercial species suggests large population sizes. Hence, the low genetic diversity detected in this study could indicate a possible reduction in effective population sizes in the past. We detected significant genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations likely due to restricted gene flow across the Siculo–Tunisian boundary. We discuss the different evolutionary forces that may have shaped the genetic variation and suggest that the genetic divide is probably maintained by present-day dispersal limitation

Oxidation of mercaptans in light oil sweetening by cobalt(II) phthalocyanine-hydrotalcite catalysts

Three Mg-Al hydrotalcites containing cobalt(II) phthalocyanine were prepared by direct synthesis, anion exchange and structure reconstruction. Differences in physicochemical properties and mechanical resistance were observed. The results of the mercaptan oxidation reaction were compared to those obtained with an industrial non-basic impregnated active charcoal. An important activity difference in favor of the prepared catalysts was obtained, confirming that the adequate tuning of basic and oxidant properties lead to a promising catalyst. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved