A ROC analysis-based classification method for landslide susceptibility maps

[EN] A landslide susceptibility map is a crucial tool for landuse spatial planning and management in mountainous areas. An essential issue in such maps is the determination of susceptibility thresholds. To this end, the map is zoned into a limited number of classes. Adopting one classification system or another will not only affect the map's readability and final appearance, but most importantly, it may affect the decision-making tasks required for effective land management. The present study compares and evaluates the reliability of some of the most commonly used classification methods, applied to a susceptibility map produced for the area of La Marina (Alicante, Spain). A new classification method based on ROC analysis is proposed, which extracts all the useful information from the initial dataset (terrain characteristics and landslide inventory) and includes, for the first time, the concept of misclassification costs. This process yields a more objective differentiation of susceptibility levels that relies less on the intrinsic structure of the terrain characteristics. The results reveal a considerable difference between the classification methods used to define the most susceptible zones (in over 20% of the surface) and highlight the need to establish a standard method for producing classified susceptibility maps. The method proposed in the study is particularly notable for its consistency, stability and homogeneity, and may mark the starting point for consensus on a generalisable classification method.Cantarino-Martí, I.; Carrión Carmona, MÁ.; Goerlich-Gisbert, F.; Martínez Ibáñez, V. (2018). A ROC analysis-based classification method for landslide susceptibility maps. Landslides. 1-18. doi:10.1007/s10346-018-1063-4S118Armstrong MP, Xiao N, Bennett DA (2003) Using genetic algorithms to create multicriteria class intervals for choropleth maps. 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A systematic review on integration mechanisms in human and animal health surveillance systems with a view to addressing global health security threats

Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) targeted for elimination by mass (antifilarial) drug administration. These drugs are predominantly active against the microfilarial progeny of adult worms. New drugs or combinations are needed to improve patient therapy and to enhance the effectiveness of interventions in persistent hotspots of transmission. Several therapies and regimens are currently in (pre-)clinical testing. Clinical trial simulators (CTSs) project patient outcomes to inform the design of clinical trials but have not been widely applied to NTDs, where their resource-saving payoffs could be highly beneficial. We demonstrate the utility of CTSs using our individual-based onchocerciasis transmission model (EPIONCHO-IBM) that projects trial outcomes of a hypothetical macrofilaricidal drug. We identify key design decisions that influence the power of clinical trials, including participant eligibility criteria and post-treatment follow-up times for measuring infection indicators. We discuss how CTSs help to inform target product profiles

El glaciar noroccidental del Besiberri (Pirineo de Lérida)

The studied complex is a glacial debris system with three different areas: The upper, with an ice core covered by glacial debris and very active periglacial processes; the middle, a black glacier with a semi-covered part; and the lower, a rock glacier in the front of the complex.
 The end of the dynamics that generated the glacial system doesn't exceed the last few decades. This is deduced from the good preservation of the forms, the slow response of the glacial system to the climatic changes and the presence of Little Ice Age moraines surrounding the complex.<br><br>[es] El aparato estudiado constituye un sistema glaciar de derrubios en el que se diferencian tres sectores: superior, con núcleo de hielo, cobertura de clastos, y procesos periglaciares muy activos; medio, glaciar negro, con un sector de glaciar sucio o semicubierto; e inferior, en el frente del sistema, constituye una forma de glaciar rocoso estricto.
 Dada la frescura de las formas conservadas y la lenta respuesta de los sistemas de derrubios glaciares a los cambios climáticos, así como la presencia de sendas morrenas atribuidas a la Pequeña Edad de Hielo que enmarcan el aparato, puede que el momento de detenimiento de la dinámica que generó el frente rocoso del Besiberri noroccidental no exceda de unas decenas de años.<br />
 [fr] L'ensemble étudié constitue un système glaciaire de terrains affouillés où l'on distingue trois parties: la partie supérieure, avec noyau de glace, couverture de roches clastiques et processus périglaciaires très actifs; la partie moyenne: glacier noir, avec zone glaciaire sale ou semi-recouverte; et la partie inférieure, sur le front du système, qui constitue une forme stricte de glacier rocheux.
 Étant donné la fraîcheur des formes conservées et la réponse lente des systèmes d'affouillement glaciaires face aux modifications climatiques, ainsi que la présence des moraines correspondantes, que l'on a datées au Petit Age Glaciaire et qui encadrent l'ensemble, il est possible que la dynamique qui a produit le front rocheux du Besiberri nord-occidental n'ait été stoppée que quelques dizaines d'années plus tôt

Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Education in University Nursing Courses. A Scoping Review

When assessing the fragility that characterizes the health of an immigrant person, a culturally competent transformation of the nurse–patient teaching-learning process is necessary. Therefore, it is considered essential to incorporate cultural competence and intercultural communication in higher nursing education. Objective: To determine the content and knowledge of cultural competence and intercultural communication offered in higher education in nursing courses. Design: The Campinha-Bacote model of cultural competence was used as the primary reference. Method: A scoping review was conducted about studies published in the period 2003 and 2020. The research was conducted between May and October 2020. More than a hundred documents (books, chapters, articles, conference proceedings) have been consulted. Results: Undergraduate nursing courses and postgraduate education move toward promoting cultural competence and sensitivity through teaching strategies. Conclusions: Teaching projects that combine multiple competencies are more effective, including teacher training. A predominant element is a need for continuous and transversal projects. University nursing education must adapt culturally competent curricula

Pesquisa de Atitudes e Crenças de Sexualidade (SABS): Validação do Instrumento para os Estudantes de Enfermagem Espanhóis

Patient sexuality is a fundamental subject in nursing student’s education. However, beliefs about patient sexuality can influence the care offered. The aim of this psychometric study was to describe the validation process and the psychometrics properties of the Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (SABS) for Spanish nursing students. The convenience sample was 283 nursing students from a state university in Spain. Participants ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 19.66; SD = 1.85). Data collection happened in 2019–2020. The translation, back translation and adaptation to Spanish was discussed and refined, ensuring the semantic, idiomatic and conceptual meaning of the items. The psychometric properties were assessed through analysis of validity and reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha for the final version of 12 items was 0.65. Although it has low reliability, the Spanish version of the SABS seems to be a valid and useful tool to measure nursing students’ beliefs about patient sexuality. In addition, it can be a resource for the assessment of the ability of Spanish nursing faculty in engaging topics involving the student’s vision of patient sexuality