Responsibility of major emitters for country-level warming and extreme hot years

The contributions of single greenhouse gas emitters to country-level climate change are generally not disentangled, despite their relevance for climate policy and litigation. Here, we quantify the contributions of the five largest emitters (China, US, EU-27, India, and Russia) to projected 2030 country-level warming and extreme hot years with respect to pre-industrial climate using an innovative suite of Earth System Model emulators. We find that under current pledges, their cumulated 1991–2030 emissions are expected to result in extreme hot years every second year by 2030 in twice as many countries (92%) as without their influence (46%). If all world nations shared the same fossil CO2 per capita emissions as projected for the US from 2016–2030, global warming in 2030 would be 0.4 °C higher than under actual current pledges, and 75% of all countries would exceed 2 °C of regional warming instead of 11%. Our results highlight the responsibility of individual emitters in driving regional climate change and provide additional angles for the climate policy discourse

Transverse Momentum Spectra of J/ψJ/\psi and ψ′\psi^{\prime} Mesons from Quark Gluon Plasma Hadronization at CERN SPS

A popular derivation of the apparent temperature of the particle transverse momentum spectra and its inconsistency are considered. An improved formula for the apparent temperature is discussed. It is shown that recent results on transverse mass spectra of $J/\psi$ and $\psi^{\prime}$ mesons support a hypothesis of statistical production of charmonia at hadronization and suggest the early thermal freeze-out of these mesons. Using the apparent temperature formula the collective transverse velocity of the hadronizing quark gluon plasma is extracted to be $\approx 0.2$. Predictions for transverse mass spectra of hidden and open charm mesons along with bottomonium at SPS and RHIC energies are discussed.Comment: Talk given at the Conference ``Strange Quarks in Matter 2001'', Frankfurt, September 24-29, 200

Measurement of the Omega_c Lifetime

We present the measurement of the lifetime of the Omega_c we have performed using three independent data samples from two different decay modes. Using a Sigma- beam of 340 GeV/c we have obtained clean signals for the Omega_c decaying into Xi- K- pi+ pi+ and Omega- pi+ pi- pi+, avoiding topological cuts normally used in charm analysis. The short but measurable lifetime of the Omega_c is demonstrated by a clear enhancement of the signals at short but finite decay lengths. Using a continuous maximum likelihood method we determined the lifetime to be tau(Omega_c) = 55 +13-11(stat) +18-23(syst) fs. This makes the Omega_c the shortest living weakly decaying particle observed so far. The short value of the lifetime confirms the predicted pattern of the charmed baryon lifetimes and demonstrates that the strong interaction plays a vital role in the lifetimes of charmed hadrons.Comment: 15 pages, including 7 figures; gzipped, uuencoded postscrip

Centrality dependence of the expansion dynamics in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/c

Two-particle correlation functions of negatively charged hadrons from Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV/c per nucleon have been measured by the WA97 experiment at the CERN SPS. A Coulomb correction procedure that assumes an expanding source has been implemented. Within the framework of an expanding thermalized source model the size and dynamical state of the collision fireball at freeze-out have been reconstructed as a function of the centrality of the collision. Less central collisions exhibit a different dynamics than central ones: both transverse and longitudinal expansion velocities are slower, the expansion duration is shorter and the system freezes out showing smaller dimensions and higher temperature.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, Te

Search for the exotic Ξ−−(1860)\Xi^{--}(1860) Resonance in 340GeV/c Σ−\Sigma^--Nucleus Interactions

We report on a high statistics search for the $\Xi^{--}(1860)$ resonance in $\Sigma^-$-nucleus collisions at 340GeV/c. No evidence for this resonance is found in our data sample which contains 676000 $\Xi^-$ candidates above background. For the decay channel $\Xi^{--}(1860) \to \Xi^-\pi^-$ and the kinematic range 0.15$<x_F<$0.9 we find a 3$\sigma$ upper limit for the production cross section of 3.1 and 3.5 $\mu$b per nucleon for reactions with carbon and copper, respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, modification of ref. 43 and 4

A study of the centrally produced baryon-antibaryon systems in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A study of the centrally produced ppbar, ppbarpi, ppbarpipi and lambda lambda channels has been performed in pp collisions using an incident beam momentum of 450 GeV/c. No significant new structures are observed in the mass spectra, however, important new information on the production dynamics is obtained. A systematic study of the production properties of these systems has been performed and it is found that these systems are not produced dominantly by double Pomeron exchange.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A study of pseudoscalar states produced centrally in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A study has been made of pseudoscalar mesons produced centrally in pp interactions. The results show that the eta and etaprime appear to have a similar production mechanism which differs from that of the pi0. The production properties of the eta and etaprime are not consistent with what is expected from double Pomeron exchange. In addition the production mechanism for the eta and etaprime is such that the production cross section are greatest when the azimuthal angle between the pT vectors of the two protons is 90 degrees.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, 3 Figure

A measurement of the branching fractions of the f1(1285) and f1(1420) produced in central pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A study of the f1(1285) and f1(1420) produced in central pp interactions has been performed. For the first time in a single experiment the branching fractions of both mesons in all major decay modes have been determined. Both the f1(1285) and f1(1420) are consistent with being produced by double Pomeron exchange.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, 5 Figures, submitted to Physics Letters

A study of the centrally produced phiphi system in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

The reaction pp to pfps(K+K-K+K-) in which the K+K-K+K- system is centrally produced has been studied at 450 GeV/c. Phi phi production has been found to dominate this reaction and is compatible with being produced by double Pomeron exchange. An angular analysis of the phi phi system favours JPC = 2++ and its dPT dependence is similar to that observed for glueball candidates.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced pi0pi0 system in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced pi0pi0 channel has been performed in pp collisions using an incident beam momentum of 450 GeV/c. An unambiguous physical solution has been found. Evidence is found for the f0(980), f0(1300) and f0(1500) in the the S-wave. and the f2(1270) is observed dominantly in the D0-wave. In addition, there is evidence for a broad enhancement in the D-wave below 1 GeV.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 4 Figure