33 research outputs found
Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis
Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for a number of diseases including lung cancer and respiratory infections. Paradoxically, it also contains nicotine, an anti-inflammatory alkaloid. There is increasing evidence that smokers have a lower incidence of some inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis, and the protective effect involves the activation of a cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that requires the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on immune cells. Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance. Nicotine significantly improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in genetically obese and diet-induced obese mice, which is associated with suppressed adipose tissue inflammation. Inflammation that results in disruption of the epithelial barrier is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease, and nicotine is protective in ulcerative colitis. This article summarizes current evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis. Selective agonists for the α7nAChR could represent a promising pharmacological strategy for the treatment of inflammation in obesity and ulcerative colitis. Nevertheless, we should keep in mind that the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine could be mediated via the expression of several nAChRs on a particular target cell
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits insulin secretion from rodent beta cells through regulation of calbindin1 expression and reduced voltage-dependent calcium currents
In vivo pharmacology in durg discovery and development
La expresión de direccionalidad y procedencia en lengua alemana puede ser
llevada a cabo mediante la aplicación de un componente adverbial de tipo estático,
si bien tan sólo en aquellos casos en que son aplicados determinados preverbios
separables. Con este trabajo trataremos de dilucidar cuáles son las composiciones
en las que es posible constatar este tipo de alteración, así como las
bases verbales en cuyo ámbito ésta puede ser aplicada. Igualmente, analizaremos
hasta qué punto es todo esto trasladable a una unidad didáctica de alemán
como lengua extranjeraThe expression of directionally and source of german language can be
carried forward with the application of an adverbial component like a state one,
but only in those cases in which we apply some separable preverbs. With this
work we will try to explain wich are the compositions that is possible verify this
kind of change and the verbal bases in whose ambit it could be applied. In the
same way, we will tray to analyze if this procedure can give useful results for
teaching germa