The Cultural Reconstruction of Taboo Under Mama Uluk’s Leadership in Kampong Dukuh, a Sundanese Traditional Hamlet in Garut Regency West Java Indonesia

 Kampung Dukuh yang terletak di Desa Ciroyom, Kecamatan Cikelet Kabupaten Garut merupa- kan salah satu kampung adat yang ada di Jawa Barat yang memiliki banyak keunikan. Pamali sebagai salah satu sistem pengetahuan masyarakat adat Sunda. Pamali masih dipertahankan dalam kebu- dayaan masyarakat adat Kampung Dukuh. Walaupun tidak ada resiko yang tertulis ketika melaku- kan hal yang melanggar pamali, namun masyarakat kampung adat masih merasa takut durhaka atau dosa jika pamali tidak dilaksanakan dalam keseharian hidupnya. Sekaitan dengan hal ini, penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan berbagai larangan atau pamali yang telah direkonstruksi di masa kepemimpinan Mama Uluk di kampung Adat Dukuh Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini mengguna- kan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan cara penyampaian larangan pada waktu yang telah ditentukan dan jenis larangan atau pamali atau pamali yang dipelihara dan terus diwariskankan secara turun temurun sampai saat ini dalam kehidupan sehari-hari seperti larangan di Makom Syech Jalil, Hutan Lindung dan bagaimana ketua adat (mama uluk) dalam kepemimpinannya merekonstruksi budaya tersebut dalam kehidupan keseharian mereka di kampung Dukuh kabupaten Garut.

Direct Separation of Short Range Order in Intermixed Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Phases

Diffraction anomalous fine-structure (DAFS) and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements were combined to determine short range order (SRO) about a single atomic type in a sample of mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline phases of germanium. EXAFS yields information about the SRO of all Ge atoms in the sample, while DAFS determines the SRO of only the ordered fraction. We determine that the first-shell distance distribution is bimodal; the nanocrystalline distance is the same as the bulk crystal, to within 0.01(2)   Å, but the mean amorphous Ge-Ge bond length is expanded by 0.076(19)   Å. This approach can be applied to many systems of mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline phases

Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in an Infant: A Rare Cause of Difficult Airway

1.Pre-assessment data of the patient A 2-year-old boy, weighing 15 kg was admitted with a history of limited mouth opening(inter-incisor distance of 6 mm), hypoplastic and retrognathic mandible (bird face deformity) and facial asymmetry from left temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). He was born at term, after an uneventful pregnancy, and there was no report of trauma during caesarean section. No other possible aetiologies were identified. He was scheduled for mandibular osteotomy. Preoperative ENT examination revealed adenotonsillar hypertrophy. 2. Anaesthetic Plan A fiberoptic nasal intubation was performed under deep inhalation anaesthesia with sevoflurane, with the patient breathing spontaneously. Midazolam (0.05 mg.kg-1) and alfentanil (0.03 mg.kg-1) were given and anaesthesia was maintained with O2/air and sevoflurane. No neuromuscular blocking agent was administered since the surgical team needed facial nerve monitoring. 3. Description of incident During surgery an accidental extubation occurred and an attempt was made to reintubate the trachea by direct laryngoscopy. Although the osteotomy was nearly completed, the vocal cords could not be visualized (Cormack-Lehane grade IV laryngoscopic view). 4. Solving the problem Re-intubation was finally accomplished with the flexible fiberscope and the procedure was concluded without any more incidents. Extubation was performed 24 hours postoperatively with the patient fully awake. After surgery mouth opening improved to inter-incisor gap of 15 mm. 5. Lessons learned and take home message Two airways issues present in this case can lead to difficultventilation and intubation: TMJA and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. These difficulties were anticipated and managed accordingly. The accidental extubation brought to our attention the fact that, even after surgical correction, this airway remains challenging. Even with intensive jaw stretchingexercises there is a high incidence of re-ankylosis, especially in younger patients. One should bear that in mind when anaesthetizing patients with TMJA

Bioinformatics advances in saliva diagnostics

There is a need recognized by the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research and the National Cancer Institute to advance basic, translational and clinical saliva research. The goal of the Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB) is to create a data management system and web resource constructed to support human salivaomics research. To maximize the utility of the SKB for retrieval, integration and analysis of data, we have developed the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart. This article reviews the informatics advances in saliva diagnostics made possible by the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart

Proximate, mineral composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of some pepper varieties (Capsicum species)

Four varieties of the red pepper fruits (Capsicum species) were evaluated for chemical composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents using standard analytical technique, ferric-ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and Folin-Colcalteau method respectively. The proximate composition values (%) were: moisture (82.54 – 85.19), crude protein (2.64 – 3.51), ash (1.21 – 3.03), fat (1.52 – 2.87), crude fibre (2.37 – 4.71) and CHO (4.62 – 6.71). Minerals were of reasonable levels with Na, K, Ca, and P significantly high in Capsicum frutescens ‘Bird pepper’. Na/K and Ca/P values were found to be less than1 except in Capsicum frutescens (cayenne pepper). Antioxidant activity ranged from 46.66 (bird pepper) – 172.00 (cayenne pepper) mg GAE/100 g ww) while total phenolic content ranged from 55.73 (bird pepper) – 138.00 (bell pepper) ìmole GAE/g WW. The results indicate that Capsicum frutescens bird pepper (Ata wewe), Capsicum frutescens (cayenne pepper) (Ata Sombo), Capsicum annum (Bell pepper) (tatase), and Capsicum annum sweet pepper (Atarodo) used as major condiments in preparation of traditional diets in Nigeria can be utilized as sources of protein supplement, valuable minerals and dietary antioxidants. They canserve as scavengers of free radicals reported to be associated with occurrence of chronic and degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: Peppers, phytochemicals, Nutritional composition, Free radicals, Disease

Umbilical artery doppler velocimetry study on prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes among high risk pregnant women with diabetes mellitus at Aminu Kano teaching hospital

Background: Doppler velocimetry studies of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.Objective: To identify pregnant women with diabetes mellitus for second trimester umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: It was a prospective study among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. The umbilical artery Doppler study was carried outin second trimester using 3.5 m Hz convex of the Mindry Digital Ultrasound Imaging System (Model DP-8800Plus; ShenzenMindray Biomed electronics, China).Results:  a total of 64 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus were recruited at the gestational age of 20 to 24 weeks. The mean age ± SD was 33.06±4.79. Only 24 (37.50%) of the women had gestational diabetes of which 16 (66.67%) had abnormal RI but no diastolic notch. Fourty women were identified with pregestational diabetes and Half of them had abnormal RI of which 4 had diastolic notches.Conclusion: Diabetic pregnant women withhigh resistive indices following umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry were not associated with significant adverse pregnancy outcomes.Keywords: Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry, diabetes in pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia Dini melalui Media Boneka Jari

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan rendahnya kemampuan anak dalam bersosialisasi, melakukan interaksi serta berkerjasama dengan teman-temannya. Hal ini disebabkan kerena kemampuan guru dalam mengemas pembelajaran masih belum optimal, dan kurang dalam memberikan rangsangan dan stimulus kepada anak untuk melakukan kegiatan sosial dengan teman- temannya. Penggunaaan media boneka jari merupakan salah satu media yang dapat meningkatkan perkembangan sosial dan memungkinkan anak untuk lebih banyak berinteraksi, bekeija sama, saling membantu dan lebih efektif dalam melakukan interaksi sesuai dengan daya imajinasi anak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran keterampilan sosial anak usia dini melalui media boneka jari di kelompok A (2) untuk mengetahui hasil peningkatan keterampilan sosial anak usia dini melalui media boneka jari di kelompok A. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas model Elliot dengan tiga siklus dan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tiga tindakan dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa penilaian proses, observasi, wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh diketahui dalam indikator 1 siklus I dengan persentase 7.58%, siklus II dengan persentase 33.33% dan siklus III meningkat dengan persentase 63.64%. Selanjutnya pada indikator 2 siklus I dengan persentase 4.54%, siklus II dengan persentase 36.36%, siklus III dengan persentase 65.15%. Selanjutnya pada indikator 3 pada siklus I dengan persentase 0,00%, siklus II dengan persentase 27.27%, dan pada siklus III meningkat dengan persentase 66.67%. Adapun saran yang peneliti ajukan untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah mengangkat permasalahan yang terjadi dengan menggunakan metode, strategi, dan media yang berbeda sehingga dapat memberikan masukan dan temuan yang baru

Efficiency optimization in a correlation ratchet with asymmetric unbiased fluctuations

The efficiency of a Brownian particle moving in periodic potential in the presence of asymmetric unbiased fluctuations is investigated. We found that there is a regime where the efficiency can be a peaked function of temperature, which proves that thermal fluctuations facilitate the efficiency of energy transformation, contradicting the earlier findings (H. kamegawa et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 5251). It is also found that the mutual interplay between asymmetry of fluctuation and asymmetry of the potential may induce optimized efficiency at finite temperature. The ratchet is not most efficiency when it gives maximum current.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Implant Site Nexplanon Reaction?

Nexplanon (Schering-Plough Limited/Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited (MSD)) is a long active reversible contraceptive method that provides effective contraception for 3 years. It consists of a single, flexible, rod-shaped implant, containing 68 mg etonogestrel. It is 4 cm long, consists of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, a non-absorbable material, and also contains 15 mg of barium sulfate, which makes it visible by X-ray. We describe a case of a 39-year-old woman who experienced a local reaction to the barium sulfate in Nexplanon. She was given medical treatment, but only the removal of the implant resolved the symptoms. After removal there was gradual improvement and 72 h later the patient was asymptomatic. Allergic reaction to barium sulfate is extremely rare: until now, there have only been two cases associated with Nexplanon described in the literature