Interrogation Techniques in South Korea: What Happens in a Korean Interrogation Room?

Recently, South Koreans have realized that, due to the techniques used during police investigations, suspects might often commit suicide or confess to crimes that they did not commit. Unfortunately, many studies in Korea are retrospective with regard to false confessions (i.e., case study), and no systematical research studies have been conducted on how Korean police officers interrogate suspects. To prevent events in which potentially guilty suspects are treated inhumanely and innocent suspects falsely confess, self-reported surveys were administered to 86 Korean police officers to systematically analyze how Korean police officers prepare for interrogations (e.g., interrogation training session attendance), how they initiate interrogation (e.g., obtaining Miranda waiver), how they interrogate suspects (e.g., use psychologically coercive tactics), and their opinions on videotaping interrogations. The results showed that since most Korean police officers are trained to use the Reid Technique and similar tactics—if not the same—that American police officers use, they are likely to obtain false confessions at a similar rate in comparison to American police officers

COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS TOWARD PERSON-CENTERED PLANNING (PCP) OF SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATORS IN THE US AND KOREA

The purpose of this study is to investigate secondary special educators' knowledge of person-centered planning and attitudes toward person-centered planning between the U.S. and Korea. This study is designed to identify the relationship between implementation levels of person-centered planning and perceptions toward person-centered planning. In addition, this study examines the relationship between knowledge of person-centered planning and attitudes toward person-centered planning. An extensive literature review has been conducted regarding person-centered planning for youth with disabilities. This study uses the Secondary Special Educators Person-Centered Planning Survey (SSEPCP) which was developed specifically for the purpose of this study. The SSEPCP was designed to gather information about secondary special educators' knowledge of and attitudes toward person-centered planning as well as implementation levels of person-centered planning. Twenty-three items were identified and the survey was translated into English and Korean. The result of this study indicated that US educators had more positive attitudes toward person-centered planning than Korean educators. In addition, U.S. educators facilitated person-centered planning more often than Korean educators. There was a positive correlation between knowledge of person-centered planning and attitudes toward person-centered planning. However, there was no relationship between implementation levels of person-centered planning and perceptions of person-centered planning. Moreover, the results revealed that there were no different perceptions of person-centered planning and implementation levels of person-centered planning between the U.S. and Korea. Finally, limitations of this study and implications for further research are discussed

BOGO or 50% Off?: The Impact of Sales Promotions and Shopping Channels on Apparel Shopping Behaviors

The study aims to test the difference between the online and offline consumer responses to two sales promotion tactics (i.e., bonus packs and price discounts). Three online experiments were conducted, and as a result, Study 1 found that price discounts were perceived as prevention-focused and bonus packs as promotion-focused promotion. Study 2 then found that promotion-oriented participants chose bonus packs (vs. price discounts) more than prevention-focused participants. Lastly, Study 3 showed that participants in the online condition found the sales promotion more attractive and were more likely to purchase the product when the promotion was presented as the price discount (50% off) than the bonus pack (BOGO) while participants in the offline condition rated both promotion tactics equally. This study provides important insights for sales promotion and multichannel retailing, by addressing subtle differences induced by different shopping channels, and emphasizes the importance of developing channel-specific sales promotion strategies

Promoting Self-Determination in IEP Meetings

Promoting self-determination has been linked to the IEP process, given the focus on decision making and goal setting within such meetings. A student with a disability can take an active role in his/her meeting by leading the meeting, describing his or her information to others, self- advocating about hopes and accommodation, making choices as it pertains to future goals and transition services, and solving possible problems. The IEP meeting can be a powerful place for students with disabilities to learn and practice decision-making and other skills leading to enhanced self-determination. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the data-based literature on current strategies/interventions focused on improving students’ self-determination through student involvement in IEP meetings. Findings indicated the positive relationship between active student participation in IEP meetings and skills promoting self-determination. We identify gaps in the literature and suggest areas where research and policy should focus

Energy-efficient CO2 hydrogenation with fast response using photoexcitation of CO2 adsorbed on metal catalysts.

Many heterogeneous catalytic reactions occur at high temperatures, which may cause large energy costs, poor safety, and thermal degradation of catalysts. Here, we propose a light-assisted surface reaction, which catalyze the surface reaction using both light and heat as an energy source. Conventional metal catalysts such as ruthenium, rhodium, platinum, nickel, and copper were tested for CO2 hydrogenation, and ruthenium showed the most distinct change upon light irradiation. CO2 was strongly adsorbed onto ruthenium surface, forming hybrid orbitals. The band gap energy was reduced significantly upon hybridization, enhancing CO2 dissociation. The light-assisted CO2 hydrogenation used only 37% of the total energy with which the CO2 hydrogenation occurred using only thermal energy. The CO2 conversion could be turned on and off completely with a response time of only 3 min, whereas conventional thermal reaction required hours. These unique features can be potentially used for on-demand fuel production with minimal energy input

Creating Cultural Events: The Role of Design within Culture-led Regeneration Strategies.

This thesis brings together theories from multiple disciplines in order to investigate the role of design and cultural events in city branding and urban regeneration, through a specific focus on the case study of the Gwangju Biennale in South Korea. This research responds to developing trends: spurred by globalisation, cities are becoming increasingly competitive, as policymakers seek new ways to develop a distinct identity (brand image) in order to boost tourism, as well as economic vitality and urban regeneration. This thesis argues that design, as a creative problem-solving process, plays a broad and important role in the creation of these city-based cultural events, informing management and leadership decisions as well as shaping the promotion and imagery of the event. Furthermore, this thesis attempts to investigate the extent to which cultural events can be determined to have a direct affect on the perception of a city's brand and its drive towards social, economic, environmental and cultural regeneration. Through one major case study (based on extensive fieldwork experience) and four minor case studies of city and place-based cultural events taking place in the UK and South Korea, this thesis compares and contrasts the varying approaches and outcomes on a global scale, concluding with a series of observations and recommendations that suggest a new way to understand how these events can use design in order to achieve their potential for truly transformative change

INVESTIGATING PREDICTORS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH WITH SIGNIFICANT DISABILITIES FROM NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL TRANSITION STUDY-2

For decades, youth with significant disabilities have had consistently poor post-high school adult outcomes (Wagner, Newman, Cameto, Garza, & Levine, 2005). In addition, they often leave high school without skills, experiences, and support that lead to meaningful adult life roles. Emergent research indicates that individuals with significant disabilities can take on meaningful adult roles when provided sufficient supports, including integrated employment, participating in social networks of community life, and living in homes of their own. Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS-2), this study examined post-high school community participation outcome for youth with significant disabilities, and also examined malleable factors (i.e., youth, family, school, and community) associated with improved community participation. This study conducted descriptive analysis to address the level of community participation across three constructs: community presence, community involvement, and social engagement. The community participation criterion constructs and predictor constructs were established using multidimensional item response theory analysis. Furthermore, a latent regression analysis was conducted to determine the significance of the predictive relationship between criterion and predictor constructs. In addition to the predictive paths, covariates (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) were considered to determine the degree of impact to community participation of youth with significant disabilities. Results showed that youth with significant disabilities rarely participated in community locations. Half of youth participated in community activities or volunteer services, however, few reported to have established adult roles such as employment. Youth reported social engagement mostly with friends with more than half participating in social activities, getting invitations, or hanging out. Using multidimensional item response theory analyses, the criterion and predictor latent constructs were established and the final model including six latent constructs (i.e., community involvement, social engagement, functional skills, classroom behaviors, access to the social networks, and access to the vocational programs) showed a good model fit. Latent regression analysis resulted that access to the social networks while in school is a strong predictor of both post-high school community involvement and social engagement of youth with significant disabilities. In addition, functional skills of youth are identified as a strong predictor of post-high school community involvement. Limitations, directions for additional research, and practical implications are described