Kinematic synthesis of mechanisms for multiply separated positions

The rigid body motion is studied in a combination of finitely and infinitesimally separated positions in planar, spherical, and spatial kinematics. A general new method for determining the locations of points and/or lines in a rigid body moving through finitely and infinitesimally separated positions is developed. These points and/or lines would satisfy the constraints of various types of binary links for planar, spherical, and spatial mechanisms. A unified form of circle-point curve equation is derived for finitely and multiply separated position problems in planar and spherical motions. A graphical method to construct the circle-point and center-point curves and Ball point is also investigated for the PP-PP multiply separated positions problem in planar motion. Instantaneous geometric motion of a rigid body is studied in terms of the instantaneous screw axis for the infinitesimally separated positions in spatial kinematics. Also the finite spatial motion problem is recast in terms of determining the screw parameters directly

사춘기 턱관절 골관절염 환자에서 교합안정장치 치료가 안모의 골격변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 치의과학과, 2016. 8. 정진우.Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) has been generally known to be a degenerative condition of TMJ led by a pathological tissue response of the joint under a mechanical overload. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of occlusal splint therapy on the dentofacial skeletal pattern and symptoms of juvenile patients with TMJ OA based on the cephalometric radiograph analysis and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). A total of 34 juvenile patients under 16 years old diagnosed with TMJ OA based on computed tomography who visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital were studied. The patients were classified into 28 splint therapy group treated by stabilization splint for at least 6 months and 6 non-splint therapy group(control group) treated by physical therapy, medication, and behavioral control only. Pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical symptoms including subjective pain intensity, maximum mouth opening (MMO), comfortable mouth opening (CMO), number of muscle tenderness, and cortical bone erosion of mandibular condyle based on computed tomography. Cephalometric analysis of 9 angular measurements including articular angle, gonial angle, Y-axis to SN, SN to mandibular plane angle, SNA, SNB, ANB, gonial upper angle, and gonial lower angle were analyzed on each patient. Mean durations of the evaluation were 19.9 ± 9.7 months for the splint therapy group and 20.2 ± 11.4 months for the control group. Obtained results were as follows: 1. Splint therapy group showed more significant increases in MMO and CMO after treatment than control group. 2. Condylar erosion severity did not show significant decrease in both groups. 3. Pain intensities were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups, but there were no significant differences between both groups. 4. Number of positive masticatory muscle palpation was significantly decreased after treatment in both groups, but there were no significant differences between both groups. 5. Articular angle, Y-axis to SN, SN to mandibular plane angle, gonial upper, and lower angles were significantly changed in splint therapy group and Y-axis to SN, SN to mandibular plane angle, SNB, ANB, and gonial lower angle were significantly changed in control group. SNB was less significantly decreased after treatment in splint therapy group than control group. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in condylar erosion severity and most of cephalometric parameters of juvenile TMJ OA patients between splint therapy and control groups within 20 months. Clockwise rotations of mandibles were shown in both groups, however modestly less decrease of SNB was shown in splint therapy group than control group. Further longitudinal study based on a larger population should be considered for establishing the effective treatment planning of juveniles TMJ OA patients.I.INTRODUCTION 1 II.REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2 III.METHODS 12 IV.RESULTS 14 V.DISCUSSION 16 VI.CONCLUSIONS 19 REFERENCES 20 FIGURE AND TABLES 31 KOREAN ABSTRACT 43Docto

Cartilage regeneration using human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and Objectives: Human umbilical-cord-blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have recently been used in clinical cartilage regeneration procedures with the expectation of improved regeneration capacity. However, the number of studies using hUCB-MSCs is still insufficient, and long-term follow-up results after use are insufficient, indicating the need for additional data and research. We have attempted to prove the efficacy and safety of hUCB-MSC treatment in a comprehensive analysis by including all subjects with knee articular cartilage defect or osteoarthritis who have undergone cartilage repair surgery using hUCB-MSCs. We conducted a meta-analysis and demonstrated efficacy and safety based on a systematic review. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. For this study, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library literature databases up to June 2022. A total of seven studies were included, and quality assessment was performed for each included study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted pooled clinical outcome data, and subgroup analyses were completed. Results: A total of 570 patients were included in the analysis. In pooled analysis, the final follow-up International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score showed a significant increase (mean difference (MD), −32.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), −38.32 to −27.32; p < 0.00001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 93%, p < 0.00001) compared to the preoperative score. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at final follow-up were significantly decreased (MD, 30.73; 95% CI, 24.10–37.36; p < 0.00001) compared to the preoperative scores, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 95%, p < 0.00001). The visual analog scale (VAS) score at final follow-up was significantly decreased (MD, 4.81; 95% CI, 3.17–6.46; p < 0.00001) compared to the preoperative score, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98%, p < 0.00001). Two studies evaluated the modified Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (M-MOCART) score and confirmed sufficient improvement. In a study analyzing a group treated with bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC), there was no significant difference in clinical outcome or M-MOCART score, and the post-treatment International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade increased. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrated the safety, efficacy, and quality of repaired cartilage following hUCB-MSC therapy. However, there was no clear difference in the comparison with BMAC. In the future, comparative studies with other stem cell therapies or cartilage repair procedures should be published to support the superior effect of hUCB-MSC therapy to improve treatment of cartilage defect or osteoarthritis

ドレスト光子フォノンを用いたpnホモ接合GaP可視発光素子

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 大津 元一, 東京大学教授 田畑 仁, 東京大学准教授 八井 崇, 東京大学講師 松井 裕章, 東京大学教授 浅見 徹University of Tokyo(東京大学

The Rationality of Addiction

This paper presents a discussion on the rationality of addiction using economic theories. Drug abuse is the dominant context for addict ion in this paper. However, it does not preclude a broader definition, encapsulating dependence on substances other than pharmacological agents; let it be nicotine , alcohol, coffee, chocolates or sex. The argument follows the progression in rationale from consumption to addiction to eventual remission. The economics of any behaviour, addiction-motivated or otherwise, distils down to the scarcity of means and our intuitions of opportunity costs involved in making a choice. The two concepts are interrelated. The process of decision-making weighs the benefit of each choice (its marginal utility) against its opportunity cost. In utility maximization theory, money is a scarce resource assumed important for maximizing utility. Therefore, choice on consumption is decided by the relative price between two goods. Overall utility is maximized when the ratio of the prices of two desired goods is equal to their marginal rate of substitution – the ratio of their marginal utilities. That is, the objective or source of utility for a consumer is to maximi ze the total value of their available money

Interlayer Structure of Bioactive Molecule, 2-Aminoethanesulfonate, Intercalated into Calcium-Containing Layered Double Hydroxides

We have successfully intercalated 2-aminoethanesulfonate, a well-known biomolecule taurine, into calcium-containing layered double hydroxides via optimized solid phase intercalation. According to X-ray diffraction patterns and infrared spectroscopy, it was revealed that the intercalated taurine molecules were each directly coordinated to other calcium cation and arranged in a zig-zag pattern. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particle size and morphology of the LDHs were not affected by the solid phase intercalation, and the surface of intercalates was covered by organic moieties. From ninhydrin amine detection tests, we confirmed that most of the taurine molecules were well stabilized between the calcium-containing LDH layers

Adaptive laboratory evolution of a genome-reduced Escherichia coli.

Synthetic biology aims to design and construct bacterial genomes harboring the minimum number of genes required for self-replicable life. However, the genome-reduced bacteria often show impaired growth under laboratory conditions that cannot be understood based on the removed genes. The unexpected phenotypes highlight our limited understanding of bacterial genomes. Here, we deploy adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) to re-optimize growth performance of a genome-reduced strain. The basis for suboptimal growth is the imbalanced metabolism that is rewired during ALE. The metabolic rewiring is globally orchestrated by mutations in rpoD altering promoter binding of RNA polymerase. Lastly, the evolved strain has no translational buffering capacity, enabling effective translation of abundant mRNAs. Multi-omic analysis of the evolved strain reveals transcriptome- and translatome-wide remodeling that orchestrate metabolism and growth. These results reveal that failure of prediction may not be associated with understanding individual genes, but rather from insufficient understanding of the strain's systems biology