EXPLORING HOW U.S. K-12 EDUCATION ADDRESSES PRIVACY LITERACY

As children grow up immersed in digital environments, scholars and policymakers emphasize the importance of helping children learn how to navigate privacy online. Prior work has found that educators recognize this need for privacy lessons but do not always feel equipped to teach them. Indeed, the term “privacy” has many meanings and the concept of privacy does not easily fit in a specific subject, intersecting with social studies, computer science, media literacy, digital literacy, and digital citizenship. Scholars have begun developing frameworks for privacy education, but such efforts will have a higher chance of success if they can be integrated into existing educational standards. Thus, in this study we are analyzing U.S. K-12 educational standards to understand whether and how they address privacy literacy. Our initial analysis has found that 44 of the 50 U.S. states have implemented educational standards related to privacy, largely as part of library, computer science, or social studies. The main privacy-related topics in state standards include being careful about posting information online and managing passwords. These preliminary findings suggest that while privacy is part of many state education standards, there are opportunities to help educators bring a more nuanced approach to privacy into their classrooms

ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS FOLLOWING INGESTION OF R-1,3-BUTANEDIOL (KETONEIQ)

BACKGROUND: Current evidence demonstrates that ketone supplements have made it possible to ingest ketone molecules, elevating blood b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) despite consuming carbohydrates (CHO). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of R-1,3-butanediol (BDO) commercially available as KETONEIQ. METHODS: A randomized repeated measures placebo-controlled design was used to compare BDO and placebo (PLA). Performance testing consisted of ingestion of 0.5g/kg of BDO or PLA and a standard meal (31g CHO, 2.5g fat, 13g protein). Participants then conducted a 5km time-trial on a treadmill while breath gases were analyzed. BHB and GLU were determined at baseline, midpoint and post run. Following aerobic testing participants completed five 10-second sprints against resistance (7.5% body mass). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test for differences in the various outcome variables. Main effects were evaluated by Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc testing. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was chosen. Smallest worthwhile change (SWC) in performance variables was calculated using Excel, the SWC was determined using 0.2 multiplied by between subject standard deviations during the PLA trial. RESULTS: BDO resulted in increased BHB at all time-points following baseline (20-minute p\u3c0.001 and 40-minute). On the performance day, BDO supplementation resulted in significantly higher average power (BDO: 479.90 ± 282.60 watts; PLA: 414.86 ± 206.40 watts; p\u3c0.0001 ) and average peak power (BDO: 597.42 ± 307.2 watts; PLA: 543.98 ± 270.80 watts; p\u3c0.001)outputs across the five 10-second cycle sprints. Peak power was the highest wattage determined, while average peak power is the mean peak power across the five trials. Additionally, individuals supplemented with BDO demonstrated significantly higher pedal velocity max (BDO: 130.71± 13.3 RPM; PLA: 121.07 ± 25.7 RPM; p\u3c0.05) Lastly, supplementation resulted in less fatigue as determined by Fatigue Index. SWC was determined to be 2.36 watts. Significantly less wattage decline was observed in the BDO (22.99 ± 11.8 watts) group compared to PLA (29.75 ± 5.5 watts) group (p\u3c0.01). CONCLUSION: Acute supplementation with KETONEIQ significantly increases blood ketones and significantly improved anaerobic performance on a repeated cycle ergometer assessment. Funding: Health Via Modern Nutrition (HVMN

Identification Of Serologic Markers For School-aged Children With Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Background. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) case identification is challenging in older children since laboratory markers of congenital rubella virus (RUBV) infection do not persist beyond age 12 months. Methods. We enrolled children with CRS born between 1998 and 2003 and compared their immune responses to RUBV with those of their mothers and a group of similarly aged children without CRS. Demographic data and sera were collected. Sera were tested for anti-RUBV immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG avidity, and IgG response to the 3 viral structural proteins (E1, E2, and C), reflected by immunoblot fluorescent signals. Results. We enrolled 32 children with CRS, 31 mothers, and 62 children without CRS. The immunoblot signal strength to C and the ratio of the C signal to the RUBV-specific IgG concentration were higher (P 65% sensitivity. Conclusions. This study was the first to establish classification rules for identifying CRS in school-aged children, using laboratory biomarkers. These biomarkers should allow improved burden of disease estimates and monitoring of CRS control programs.21215766CDCSao Paulo State Health DepartmentPan American Health Organizatio