William W. Bishop, Jr.: A Law Teacher Whose Inward Happiness was Reflected in his Relations with Students and Colleagues

Bill Bishop\u27s students and colleagues at Michigan showed their love and respect for him, which I, as a contemporary in age, shared. Like my father, Charles Cheney Hyde, I had associations with Bishop while lecturing there. Through these associations I developed my own interest in the Law School and its students. His colleague, Eric Stein, has emphasized the impact of his casebook and teaching. He refers to Bishop\u27s historical perspective and traditional systematic presentation, which formed the background for consideration of perpetual change, which Bishop saw and documented. In the Foreword to the Proceedings of a 1955 Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law, Bishop saw the conference as providing a learning process, predicting the need for background in considering the rapidly moving and at times chaotic developments in the fields of high seas, fisheries, the continental shelf and territorial waters

Infarction of the Duodenum

On Dec. 18, 1953, a five-year-old Brown Swiss cow was admitted to the Stange Memorial Clinic. The patient had previously been examined by the ambulatory clinicians, at which time she had shown few diagnostic symptoms. She was positive to the electronic metal detector test and was sent to the clinic as a hardware suspect

Silent Dissent: The Effect of Structural Secrecy on Professional Communication at NASA

This dissertation examines the creation and legitimization of knowledge through an examination of Dr. Warner von Braun’s weekly communications with his department heads during the Apollo project. My researched is focused on an archive of memos from the Marshall Space Flight Center during the 60’s. The memos were referred to as either Monday Notes or Weekly notes. I use the terms interchangeably, but some scholars differentiate between the two and refer to the Monday Notes as the communication system that worked during the Apollo project and the weekly notes as the communication system that broke after the Apollo project. In my dissertation, I explore the interaction between the MSFC and its community of Huntsville. Using examples from the Monday Notes, I build a narrative of the role of racial integration on structural secrecy at MSFC during the Apollo project. Through this narrative, I consider the impact of structural secrecy on the organization as well as on the field of technical communication

Nonlinear Ionic Conductivity of Thin Solid Electrolyte Samples: Comparison between Theory and Experiment

Nonlinear conductivity effects are studied experimentally and theoretically for thin samples of disordered ionic conductors. Following previous work in this field the {\it experimental nonlinear conductivity} of sodium ion conducting glasses is analyzed in terms of apparent hopping distances. Values up to 43 \AA are obtained. Due to higher-order harmonic current density detection, any undesired effects arising from Joule heating can be excluded. Additionally, the influence of temperature and sample thickness on the nonlinearity is explored. From the {\it theoretical side} the nonlinear conductivity in a disordered hopping model is analyzed numerically. For the 1D case the nonlinearity can be even handled analytically. Surprisingly, for this model the apparent hopping distance scales with the system size. This result shows that in general the nonlinear conductivity cannot be interpreted in terms of apparent hopping distances. Possible extensions of the model are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

LMC X-1: A New Spectral Analysis of the O-star in the binary and surrounding nebula

We provide new observations of the LMC X-1 O star and its extended nebula structure using spectroscopic data from VLT/UVES as well as H$\alpha$ imaging from the Wide Field Imager on the Max Planck Gesellschaft / European Southern Observatory 2.2m telescope and ATCA imaging of the 2.1 GHz radio continuum. This nebula is one of the few known to be energized by an X-ray binary. We use a new spectrum extraction technique that is superior to other methods to obtain both radial velocities and fluxes. This provides an updated spatial velocity of $\simeq 21.0~\pm~4.8$ km s$^{-1}$ for the O star. The slit encompasses both the photo-ionized and shock-ionized regions of the nebula. The imaging shows a clear arc-like structure reminiscent of a wind bow shock in between the ionization cone and shock-ionized nebula. The observed structure can be fit well by the parabolic shape of a wind bow shock. If an interpretation of a wind bow shock system is valid, we investigate the N159-O1 star cluster as a potential parent of the system, suggesting a progenitor mass of $\sim 60$ M$_{\odot}$ for the black hole. We further note that the radio emission could be non-thermal emission from the wind bow shock, or synchrotron emission associated with the jet inflated nebula. For both wind and jet-powered origins, this would represent one of the first radio detections of such a structure.Comment: 7 Figures, 4 Table

Detection of human influence on a new, validated 1500-Year temperature reconstruction

Climate records over the last millennium place the twentieth-century warming in a longer historical context. Reconstructions of millennial temperatures show a wide range of variability, raising questions about the reliability of currently available reconstruction techniques and the uniqueness of late-twentieth-century warming. A calibration method is suggested that avoids the loss of low-frequency variance. A new reconstruction using this method shows substantial variability over the last 1500 yr. This record is consistent with independent temperature change estimates from borehole geothermal records, compared over the same spatial and temporal domain. The record is also broadly consistent with other recent reconstructions that attempt to fully recover low-frequency climate variability in their central estimate. High variability in reconstructions does not hamper the detection of greenhouse gas-induced climate change, since a substantial fraction of the variance in these reconstructions from the beginning of the analysis in the late thirteenth century to the end of the records can be attributed to external forcing. Results from a detection and attribution analysis show that greenhouse warming is detectable in all analyzed high-variance reconstructions (with the possible exception of one ending in 1925), and that about a third of the warming in the first half of the twentieth century can be attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The estimated magnitude of the anthropogenic signal is consistent with most of the warming in the second half of the twentieth century being anthropogenic

Optimising the Thermal Performance of Triple Vacuum Glazing with Low-emittance Coatings

Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.The thermal performance of the triple vacuum glazing with one to four internal glass surfaces coated with a low-e (emittance) coating was simulated using a finite volume model. The simulated triple vacuum glazing comprises three, 4 mm thick glass panes with two vacuum gaps, sealed with indium metal and separated by an array of stainless steel pillars, 0.2 mm high, 0.3 mm diameter and spaced at 25 mm. The simulation results show that decreasing the emittance of the four low-e coatings from 0.18 to 0.03 decreases the heat transmission U-values at the centre-of-glazing area from 0.41 W.m-2.K-1 to 0.22 W.m-2.K-1 for a 0.4 m by 0.4 m TVG rebated by 10 mm within a solid wood frame. When using three low-e coatings in the TVG in a heating dominated climate, the vacuum gap with two low-e coatings should be set facing the warm environment, while the vacuum gap with one coating should face the cold environment. When using two low-e coatings with emittance of 0.03, the U-values at the centre-of-glazing area with one coating in both vacuum gaps is 0.25 W.m-2.K-1; that with two coatings in the cold facing environment vacuum gap is 0.50 W.m-2.K-1 and that with two low-e coatings in the warm facing environment vacuum gap is 0.33 W.m-2.K-1. Thus setting one low-e coating in both vacuum gaps is better than setting two coatings in the same vacuum gap. The thermal performance of fabricated 0.4 m by 0.4 m TVGs with two and three low-e coatings were experimentally characterised and were found to be in very good agreement with simulation results.dc201